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RAT Vlog- Eu are Tentando Aprender "When You Are Gone by Avril Lavigne" - Duration: 12:20.
For more infomation >> RAT Vlog- Eu are Tentando Aprender "When You Are Gone by Avril Lavigne" - Duration: 12:20. -------------------------------------------
Differences between leopard and jaguar | Big cats | (Virtual Zoology) | Did You Know? - Duration: 4:01.
if they were watching a video of a cat, they could distinguish which is without
hearing his name, that in most cases, but if they were watching a video
a jaguar or a leopard, I could tell which is which?
unless you have studies or well-trained eye, most likely not, and this
It is because these cats are very similar to each other, but there are significant differences
They help you identify these specimens. their place of origin, leopards are inhabitants
the continents of Africa and parts of Asia, adapting to almost all types
biospheres with expression of deserts. while the jaguar is only limited to live
in America, where it is better distributed in Latin America, from Mexico to
Amazon, where it adapts more easily to the desert ecosystem, but this is not
a marked difference, because it can be confused is not known which place
He is talking. the size of both is very different, the jaguar
It is the third largest cat in the world, reaching a length of 180cm long
without the tail and weighing 158 kilograms, still very robust. in contrast leopard
can measure about 60 to 70 centimeters without reaching tail weighing 37-90
kilograms and is very easy to distinguish whether we are seeing both at the same time
in order to compare them, but photos and videos perspective can affect these parameters
so it is still very difficult to identify them by size.
this also happens with the size of the queue, the jaguar is the cat's tail
cut between the cats in the genus panther compared its size from 45 to 70
centimeters, while the leopard reaches a length of 60 to 100 centimeters, this
helps greatly to equilibrate. another slight difference is the color of the coat
between them, leopard is a shade of yellow brighter while
the jaguar is orange yellow, but this can vary between subspecies and
both specimens may exhibit melanism, which gives them a colorful black adopting
the generic name of black panther. between both specimens have a habit
that differs, jaguars have aquatic habits, where they can be seen crossing
rivers and lakes frequently in order to move, hunt prey or just
to cool a hot day, while it is rare leopards made cruises
water, preferring the great steppes and paccionándose in the trees to locate
their prey, so if you see one of these felines swimming is very likely that this is
a jaguar. although all previous differences can
create a slight confusion which is which, the following is the determinant and what can
be the best help identify these specimens and this is in the coat,
being specific in the pattern forming spots on the body of these animals,
which they are very different. speckle patterns forming the coat
Jaguar have ways of rosettes, which are spots that form a circle and within
these have a smaller internal stain. as opposed specks with
which has the leopard are points that can be joined together, but lack
internal spots, so this is the most accurate method to differentiate
between the two species, either in a photo, a video or that you're watching live.
now you know how to differentiate between a jaguar and a leopard.
I hope the video has been to his liking, if so give me love and share it for
more people know this channel, I leave my social networks so that we are in contact,
besides that thereby I will make relevant announcements regarding the channel. if you are new
I invite you to subscribe and do not forget to leave any comments or questions you
you has arisen, thank you very much for watching this video, we're seeing us until then.
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Ahem mừng sinh nhật Tolu và Molu lúc lớn, ngoài phim Âm Mưu và Tình Yêu - Duration: 1:13.
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Colouring - Symmetry - Live
For more infomation >> Colouring - Symmetry - Live-------------------------------------------
UNSTOPPABLE CORE - E: 005 - Duration: 6:08.
- Hey Trey Lewellen here with Unstoppable Core
week number five.
So it's already been a crazy journey,
we're already five weeks in and we're gonna talk
about something that's extremely important.
Which is the thank you page.
A lot of people, a lot of marketers,
take this for granted and don't even put anything on it.
And so what I'm going to walk you through today
of maybe a stencil of what should be kind of placed
on the thank you page.
What we're doing with our thank you pages
and how it can optimize and create a ton of
revenue for you.
I'm talking like three to five percent more revenue
just by optimizing your thank you page.
So let's kind of go through that
and I'm going to show you exactly what we do
to make some money.
Alright, so here's the first thing is,
obviously we're going to have a standard thank you page
which you have, hey thank you for purchasing,
you know you always want to thank them,
you did the right thing, write, hey you did the right thing,
thank you for purchasing your XYZ product,
now on to the cool stuff,
so what you could do, is you could have it to where
you have a headline or something like here that says
by the way, here's what you've purchased,
if you see anything or have any concerns make sure
that you call us or email us and then what we do,
is we have a product list,
this is usually the standard thank you page,
everything above bonus offers,
now what I like, really, really well,
is having something for them to click below this.
So again, headline, product list, bullet points
of what they've already purchased and then we get in
to the goodies.
Now, what I like to do is I like to have
what is called like, more like a bonus offer, okay?
So what you can do with your bonus offers
is quite a few things.
What I like to have is I like to have multiple offers.
I'll leave, I'm showing three here but I actually like
to have like six, seven, eight, nine offers
just right here below.
Because you might be able to show them something
that's reflected to one person but that's
not intriguing enough to another.
So I like to kind of balance it out with all
little different offers to give them.
So here's one tip to walk away with
and this is one thing I teach the Master Line members
is just because you are done selling someone
doesn't mean they're done buying.
So I'll repeat that,
just because you're done selling someone doesn't mean
they're done buying yet okay?
They're not ready to stop buying, they're already a buyer,
they're in buyer mode so why not keep selling them
and that's exactly what you can do with a thank you pages.
You have a couple upsells you give them a thank you page
maybe some people are done, they're like you know what
I got everything that I need but now,
I'm okay of grabbing some more stuff
and that's what we get into the bonus offers.
So what kind of offers right?
What can we kind of offer them?
So I have about four things
that I like to offer,
the first one is, affiliate offers.
What a great way to see what everybody else is purchasing,
right?
Use someone else's offer, you can go to places like,
Offer Vault.
Click Bank for one, I mean there's tons out there
that you can go and find different offers,
different affiliate offers to start pushing
and then you can look at your results and see exactly
what worked and what didn't work and maybe, maybe,
build a funnel around that, hey you know what?
This offer seems to be converting really well
it's an affiliate offer, they're selling
you know, pencils, or what not, colored pencils.
Colored pencils are freaking going off our charts,
maybe we should build a funnel around colored pencils.
The next one is our own offers, well that's a crazy idea.
Why not allow someone else to purchase another offer
another funnel that you've created, maybe you're avatar
has a vertical around a different offer
that you've already created, so what I like to do is,
I like to put our offers on here,
I like to put affiliate offers on here.
And the other one is what about more
of what they just bought?
Hmm, now that's a thought.
So what we had, we used Click Funnels,
Click Funnels is absolutely amazing.
But in the up sells currently Click Funnels only allows us
to do two purchases which means two different types
of products which is okay.
But what I'm looking for is well what if someone wanted
to buy more than just those?
So what I like to do on the thank you page
is say hey, would you like to buy more of upsell number one?
Would you like to buy more of upsell number two?
Would you like to buy more of upsell number three?
And yes they do, so what we see with these bonus offers
what I'm talking is I'm talking about a three percent
to a five percent increase in your total revenue.
Just by adding offers at the end.
Okay?
Now here's the big question,
Facebook shares,
have you ever thought about referrals?
Referrals are great right?
Where do most of the revenue come from?
The easiest revenue come from is referrals.
So there's a really cool app you can get,
Facebook gives it to you for free,
it's called Facebook shares, people can write a comment
and what's nice is, when you use this, this little tool,
this little element, put down here, hey,
why are you so excited to purchase this today?
What did you find so amazing about this product, right?
So kind of get them a reason to kind of
put in a little comment below.
What's nice about that is Facebook's gonna say hey,
do you wanna check a little box that shares this
to their fan page to their friends to their followers
who are all watching it?
And when they click that, that goes to all their friends
who are now going to come back to the beginning
of the funnel.
What's cool about this plug in,
is that it's not going to take everybody from this link
to the thank you page, it takes them where you
want them to go.
So it actually takes them to maybe the order form page,
so here at the end they're raving about it,
they're raving fans, they're excited about it
and boom they share it to their Facebook wall,
their Facebook profile, all their friends see it
they click on it and they come back
that is organic traffic at its best.
Because now you have someone referring
about this really cool item that they just bought
and now they're referring it to their Facebook friends.
Guys, this is week number five on Unstoppable Core.
Get your thank you page rocking, go make some extra revenue.
I'm talking three to five percent on your funnels.
Have a great rest of the day.
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Mercedes-Benz E-Klasse E 350 e Limousine Lease Edition 15% Bijtelling - Duration: 0:42.
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Mercedes-Benz C-Klasse C 350 e Estate Lease Edition - Duration: 0:54.
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Musica New Age Rilassante Per Riposare Corpo E Mente - Duration: 1:03:10.
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LA CAPITALE BOREALE - Tales of Berseria, Episodio 04 [JRPG PS4 ITA] - Duration: 38:34.
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Corso Insegnanti Ricostruzione Unghie OnyxAcademy - Duration: 4:14.
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FILME BAILARINA ARQUITETO LEO ROMANO - Duration: 9:03.
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I have always existed - Duration: 2:35.
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♚ Klaus Mikaelson ▪ Outside (HD) - Duration: 4:51.
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AUTARQUIAS DO HUMOR 216 - Duration: 1:52:51.
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Musica New Age Rilassante - Musica Per Soganare Ad Occhi Aperti - Duration: 1:03:10.
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Chronic bronchitis (COPD) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology - Duration: 8:47.
Bronchitis means inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lung, and it's said to be chronic
when it causes a productive cough—which means produces mucus—for at least 3 months
each year for 2 or more years.
Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.
These two are different in that chronic bronchitis is defined by clinical features, like a productive
cough, whereas emphysema is defined by structural changes—specifically enlargement of the
air spaces.
That being said, they often coexist, probably because they share the same major risk factor
— smoking.
Other risk factors for chronic bronchitis include exposure to air pollutants like sulfur
and nitrogen dioxide, exposure to dust and silica, as well as genetic factors like having
a family history of chronic bronchitis.
With COPD, the airways become obstructed, and the lungs don't empty properly, and
that leaves air trapped inside the lungs.
For that reason, the maximum amount of air people with COPD can breath out in a single
breath, known as the FVC, or forced vital capacity, is lower.
This reduction is especially noticeable in the first second of air breathed out in a
single breath, called FEV1—forced expiratory volume (in one second), which typically is
reduced even more than the FVC.
A useful metric therefore is the FEV1 to FVC ratio, which, since the FEV1 goes down even
more than FVC, causes the FEV1 to FVC ratio to go down as well.
Alright so say normally your FVC is 5 L, and your FEV1 is 4 L, your FEV1 to FVC ratio would
end up being 80%.
Now, someone with COPD's FVC might be 4 L instead, which is lower than normal, but
the volume of air that he or she can expire in the first second is only 2 L, so not only
are both these values lower, but their ratio is lower as well—and this is a hallmark
of COPD.
All that had to do with air breathed out right?
Conversely, for air going in, the TLC, or total lung capacity, which is the maximum
volume of air that can be taken in or inspired into the lungs, is actually often often higher
because of the air trapping.
Alright, so chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that's diagnosed based on clinical
symptoms, specifically coughing up a lot of mucus.
But why does this happen?
Well, first off, in the lungs, the walls of normal airways have a couple layers to think
about.
Lining the lumen of the airways you've got the epithelium, composed of ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelial cells, which are named that because these epithelial cells have hair-like
projections called cilia, their nuclei don't align so it looks like they're more than
one layer even though they're not, hence, pseudostratified, and because the cells are
mostly tall and narrow - or columnar in shape.
This layer also contains the occasional Goblet cell which makes some of the mucus that lines
the airway.
Going deeper past that layer you've got the basement membrane and loose connective
tissue, called the lamina propria—which together with the epithelium makes up the
mucosa.
Beyond the mucosa, there is smooth muscle followed by more connective tissue, and together,
these two layers make up the submucosa and this is where the bronchial mucinous glands
live.
These are the glands that secrete the majority of the mucus into the lumen of the bronchi,
helping to catch and filter out particles and pathogens.
Finally, in the bronchi, but not the bronchioles, there is also a layer of cartilage below the
submucosa which stiffens the bronchus and helps to keep it open.
Alright so people who smoke expose their airways to all sorts of irritants and chemicals.
Whatever the irritants are, their effect is to stimulate hypertrophy and hyperplasia of
the mucinous glands in the main bronchi, as well as the goblet cells in the smaller airways
- the bronchioles, which increases mucus production in both locations.
Since the bronchioles are smaller, even a slight increase in mucus can lead to airway
obstruction, so this contributes to the majority of the air trapping.
To make matters worse, though, smoking makes the cilia short and less mobile, making it
harder to move mucus up and out of bronchioles towards the back of the throat to get swallowed.
As a result of having too much mucus and poorly functioning cilia, people with chronic bronchitis
end up relying on coughing to get rid of their mucus plugs.
One measurement, typically done post-mortem, is called the Reid index, which is the ratio
of the thickness of the bronchial mucinous glands, relative to the total thickness of
the airway - from the epithelium to the cartilage.
Normally, this ratio should be less than 40%, but it can be over 40% for people with chronic
bronchitis, because of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the glands.
Even though an increased Reid index goes along with chronic bronchitis, the diagnosis is
still done clinically and this measurement is not usually used diagnostically.
All this mucus in the lungs causes people with chronic bronchitis to wheeze
due to narrowing of the passageway available for air to move in and out, these people also
have crackles or rales caused by the popping open of small airways.
People with chronic bronchitis also often present with hypoxemia, low oxygen in the
blood, and hypercapnia, increased carbon dioxide in the blood.
This is because the mucus plugs in the airways block air flow, right?
Which causes the partial pressure of CO2 to increase in the lungs.
Increased PCO2 means that the partial pressure of O2 in the lungs goes down, and a lower
PO2 means less oxygen gets to the blood, causing hypoxemia.
This trapped CO2 in the lungs also makes it harder for CO2 to get out of the bloodstream,
which also explains the hypercapnia.
The increased CO2 levels in the blood can get so bad that some people develop cyanosis,
which is a blue discoloration of the skin, and this is why patients with chronic bronchitis
are sometimes referred to as blue bloaters.
This is compared to the term pink puffers which describes patients with emphysema.
Alright so in addition to those things, in the the areas with decreased gas exchange,
blood vessels undergo vasoconstriction in an attempt to shunt blood to an area with
better exchange; which, if it's localized to one area of the lungs, that would work
pretty well, but when a large proportion of the lungs aren't exchanging oxygen effectively,
a large proportion of blood vessels start to clamp down.
And this has the effect of increasing pulmonary vascular resistance, and to maintain pulmonary
blood flow the body responds by developing pulmonary hypertension.
Over time, this increases the work needed by the right side of the heart to pump blood
to the lungs, and eventually the right side enlarges, leading to right-sided heart failure,
a process called cor pulmonale.
And finally another consequence of mucus plugging in chronic bronchitis is that people can develop
lung infections behind the mucus blockages in the airway, and these infections can worsen
the pulmonary and cardiac symptoms.
Treatment of chronic bronchitis largely involves reducing risk factors, like for example stopping
smoking, but also managing associated illnesses.
Supplemental oxygen, as well as certain medications like bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and
antibiotics to control secondary infections might also be used.
Okay, to recap, chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or
COPD, where exposure to chemicals and irritants—like with smoking—stimulates increased mucus
production in the airways, which causes a productive cough that lasts for at least 3
months each year for at least 2 years.
Thanks for watching, you can help support us by donating on Patreon, subscribing to
our channel, or telling your friends about us on social media.
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Alcohol-related liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis) - causes, symptoms & pathology - Duration: 5:51.
Alright, so when you drink alcohol, what happens?
Well, okay, what happens to the alcohol?
Well that's mainly your liver's job, right?
Basically, once the alcohol gets to your stomach, most of it's sent to your liver for processing.
In very small amounts, alcohol is more or less harmless, but in excess, it can lead
to serious liver complications, and is the leading cause of liver disease in western
nations.
Once in the liver cells or hepatocytes, it can take one of three pathways, one of which
involves an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase or simply ADH, and this happens in the cytosol
of the cell, another involves a catalase inside organelles called peroxisomes, and a third
involves being converted by the enzyme cytochrome P450 2E1, sometimes just shortened to CYP2E1.
All three of these pathways lead to the conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde.
Once the ADH enzyme is used to convert the alcohol, it needs another compound called
NAD+, which is then converted into NADH.
As NADH levels increase, and NAD+ levels decrease, this has two effects, higher NADH levels tell
the cell to start producing more fatty acids, and lower NAD+ levels result in less fatty
acid oxidation, both of which lead to more fat production in the liver.
Now excessive fat in the liver is also known as fatty change or fatty liver, where it gets
large, heavy, greasy, and tender, but typically at this point, patients don't have symptoms
like fever or high levels of neutrophils in the blood.
The liver also often takes on a more yellowish color, which is due to all these fat deposits,
and we can see that on histology.
All these circles are deposits of fat that contribute to fatty liver disease, and sometimes
this buildup of fat in the liver is referred to as steatosis.
Treating fatty liver disease usually involves simply stopping the alcohol consumption.
K so that's fatty liver, but that's not the only thing that excessive alcohol consumption
can cause, right?
Looking back at our pathways, when you make acetaldehyde from ethanol, you also start
to generate these ominous sounding compounds called reactive oxygen species.
You can probably guess that these guys are super reactive and contain oxygen, some examples
are like hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical, or the superoxide anion.
These reactive oxygen species react with different components of the hepatocyte, like proteins
and even DNA, and this process can cause serious damage to the cells.
Besides producing reactive oxygen species, now we've also got acetaldehyde to worry
about.
This compound can bind to macromolecules, enzymes, the cell membrane, and all sorts
of other compounds inside the cell.
When they bind to some of these, they effectively inhibit that molecule.
And when that happens, they form what are called acetaldehyde adducts.
And when those are formed, your immune system recognizes these new compounds as foreign
and starts sending neutrophils in to sort of clean up the damage.
So not only do you get these adducts binding to and potentially messing with the function
of certain molecules in the cell, you also get destruction of hepatocytes by the neutrophilic
infiltration.
As cells become inflamed and damaged, patients have developed alcoholic hepatitis, and we
start to note a change on histology and notice these bundles of proteins called Mallory bodies,
specifically these are damaged intermediate filaments and are located in the cytoplasm
of hepatocytes, the mechanism that produces these bodies is still unclear, but they're
most commonly seen in alcoholic hepatitis.
At this point the patient may have hepatomegaly that's probably become painful, since the
liver's seeing more immune cells, they also may have neutrophilic leukocytosis, or an
increased neutrophils in the blood.
Also, as cells become damaged and die off, scar tissue starts to form around the central
veins in the liver, known as perivenular fibrosis.
The damage done to hepatocytes also results in leakage of liver enzymes like alanine aminotransferase
(or ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (or AST), both types of transaminase, usually
even though both are elevated, AST will be found to be greater than ALT in alcoholic
hepatitis.
In addition to these two, serum alkaline phosphatase (or ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (or
GGT) will also be elevated.
In some cases, thrombocytopenia, a deficiency of platelets in the blood as well as possible
hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can also be found in blood of someone with alcoholic
liver disease.
Treatment again involves completely stopping alcohol consumption, and in some cases corticosteroids
can help suppress the immune system.
Finally, if allowed to progress far enough, chronic alcohol-induced liver damage may lead
to cirrhosis and liver failure.
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#ASKFRANK | HO BACIATO UNA FAN!? #2EP - Duration: 3:12.
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Tesla: Firmware Update 8 (2.52.50 Version) :-( - Duration: 4:37.
firmware update has been updated to 2.5
2.22 let's check out the release notes
but before we continue I should say that
the most awesome thing happened once the
car finally booted back up guess what
song was playing
none other than Russia's limelight so
now let's check out the settings we have
this new release makes it easier than
ever for you to take trips in your test
love the updated maps app lets you check
on supercharger amenities before you get
there also driver profiles are now
linked to your key fob your car won't be
set to your preferences before you sit
down super Germany has helped to plan
for your trip each supercharger pin on
the match the app now prove provides
information about amenities are their
restrooms restaurants Wi-Fi shopping
and/or lodging your body
automatic driver profiles your car now
automatically adjust the seat and
steering position for comfort before you
get in your key to your driver profile
and the car will set the seat steering
wheel and other settings to your driver
profile when you open the door to enable
go to control settings and Driver
profiles equalizer settings you can
further tune your sound with two
additional equalizer settings
perfect let's check that out first so
we're going to go
excuse me I sunlight spirit of radio and
of course it reset all my previous
settings so we go up up negative 45 and
we have to anyone's here didn't have
those before do those at 13 and event
should be absolutely perfect
now only the bowling ball next let's go
to maps find us a supercharged
and it's little to no signal in Syria I
think close to superchargers map should
be pleasant prairie right here
oh it's also starts the incorporation of
the idol fee never saw that before check
that out forty cents per minute title
fee pleasant very supercharger now
unfortunately while it does have maps
and what our lips
what does have the icons of what's
available
it doesn't actually expound on that so
at this time even if you were to touch
any of them all chosen that those
restrooms food beverages coffeehouse
lodging on shopping and Wi-Fi available
but it doesn't tell you specifically who
or what or where so unfortunately it
just tells you that that stops within a
reasonable walking distance not that's
actually available immediately or were
times it's available still
I'll take that next driver profiles you
can link your key fob to your bright
driver profile and see link to key fob
to or you can only keep up to
apparently I have key fob to in my
pocket i've been using key fob teams i
got the car did not know that you can
have a maximum of three key fobs / Tesla
vehicle so if you have three drivers you
know mama Papa and junior and the kids
will have to share now what would be
awesome man
if the juniors Keef i would also limit
the acceleration and speed of the
vehicle
that is it is royalty
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Ele Não Quer Esquecer o Passado—O Trabalho de Byron Katie - Duration: 48:21.
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Наннакара. Инкубация икры наннакары. - Duration: 5:21.
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Valentine's Day Special - Duration: 3:10.
So Im sitting in a restaurant the other day and this little kid walks up to me and he
says Are you a cowboy?
Now that question always stumps me, my dad was a cowboy, I just work every day with cows
So I said to him, What do you think?
He said, I dont know but I love cows
Id like to think that we all love cows, its hard not to, so today we give the cows the
spotlight and ask them to be our valentine.
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RAT Vlog- Eu are Tentando Aprender "When You Are Gone by Avril Lavigne" - Duration: 12:20. For more infomation >> RAT Vlog- Eu are Tentando Aprender "When You Are Gone by Avril Lavigne" - Duration: 12:20. -------------------------------------------
Differences between leopard and jaguar | Big cats | (Virtual Zoology) | Did You Know? - Duration: 4:01.if they were watching a video of a cat, they could distinguish which is without
hearing his name, that in most cases, but if they were watching a video
a jaguar or a leopard, I could tell which is which?
unless you have studies or well-trained eye, most likely not, and this
It is because these cats are very similar to each other, but there are significant differences
They help you identify these specimens. their place of origin, leopards are inhabitants
the continents of Africa and parts of Asia, adapting to almost all types
biospheres with expression of deserts. while the jaguar is only limited to live
in America, where it is better distributed in Latin America, from Mexico to
Amazon, where it adapts more easily to the desert ecosystem, but this is not
a marked difference, because it can be confused is not known which place
He is talking. the size of both is very different, the jaguar
It is the third largest cat in the world, reaching a length of 180cm long
without the tail and weighing 158 kilograms, still very robust. in contrast leopard
can measure about 60 to 70 centimeters without reaching tail weighing 37-90
kilograms and is very easy to distinguish whether we are seeing both at the same time
in order to compare them, but photos and videos perspective can affect these parameters
so it is still very difficult to identify them by size.
this also happens with the size of the queue, the jaguar is the cat's tail
cut between the cats in the genus panther compared its size from 45 to 70
centimeters, while the leopard reaches a length of 60 to 100 centimeters, this
helps greatly to equilibrate. another slight difference is the color of the coat
between them, leopard is a shade of yellow brighter while
the jaguar is orange yellow, but this can vary between subspecies and
both specimens may exhibit melanism, which gives them a colorful black adopting
the generic name of black panther. between both specimens have a habit
that differs, jaguars have aquatic habits, where they can be seen crossing
rivers and lakes frequently in order to move, hunt prey or just
to cool a hot day, while it is rare leopards made cruises
water, preferring the great steppes and paccionándose in the trees to locate
their prey, so if you see one of these felines swimming is very likely that this is
a jaguar. although all previous differences can
create a slight confusion which is which, the following is the determinant and what can
be the best help identify these specimens and this is in the coat,
being specific in the pattern forming spots on the body of these animals,
which they are very different. speckle patterns forming the coat
Jaguar have ways of rosettes, which are spots that form a circle and within
these have a smaller internal stain. as opposed specks with
which has the leopard are points that can be joined together, but lack
internal spots, so this is the most accurate method to differentiate
between the two species, either in a photo, a video or that you're watching live.
now you know how to differentiate between a jaguar and a leopard.
I hope the video has been to his liking, if so give me love and share it for
more people know this channel, I leave my social networks so that we are in contact,
besides that thereby I will make relevant announcements regarding the channel. if you are new
I invite you to subscribe and do not forget to leave any comments or questions you
you has arisen, thank you very much for watching this video, we're seeing us until then.
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Ferrari 458 - Duration: 0:43.
For more infomation >> Ferrari 458 - Duration: 0:43. -------------------------------------------
Ahem mừng sinh nhật Tolu và Molu lúc lớn, ngoài phim Âm Mưu và Tình Yêu - Duration: 1:13. For more infomation >> Ahem mừng sinh nhật Tolu và Molu lúc lớn, ngoài phim Âm Mưu và Tình Yêu - Duration: 1:13. -------------------------------------------
Dads Who Play Barbie® For more infomation >> Dads Who Play Barbie®-------------------------------------------
Science Boy - Duration: 1:03.
You're a boy who's good at science
Always experimenting
You're a boy who looks amazing in lab coats
always peering down microscopes
You're a boy who's good at lying
always running rings around the teachers
You're a boy who loves solitude
always gazing up at the sky alone
My alcohol lamp is burning up
being seperated out by a micropipette
My evaporator is flying high
grasped with a Faraday cup
But even so the science boy stays straight-faced
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African-American 101: ASU students, faculty, dispel stereotypes - Duration: 3:47.
I'm a people person. I love people and
I'm a nice person
I'm honestly, like really laid back and like pretty chill.
I'm a goofy kid, I'll admit that.
I'm friendly
And I'm willing to help everyone and hear
anyone out
I'm not the angry black woman and not
even if I was, that's not a problem.
So if you've seen one person who was
passionate, then another person might
translate that to being angry and
there's so many images out there of
people of color that limit and restrict
and that people rely on instead of
having encounters with.
I would say also, I've been told "I talk white." A lot.
Oh that's before ASU, just forever.
People would always say, "Renard, you are the
whitest black person I have ever met"
"You must not be like full black because you don't act like a black girl
When I tell people "I'm here on
scholarship," they say "oh, you play basketball?" and I do
play basketball, but that's not why I got
my scholarship. I got my scholarship for
academic purposes.
I think when you only focus on media, you get a sense of "okay, this is what a black person
should look, what a black person should sound like".
If you were actually go out and meet
100, 200 different black people,
you'd realize, there are 100, 200 different ways to be black.
This wasn't here but, I remember in school,
it was like, my first day of classes, and
walked into a world history class. My
teacher was like "oh, we're doing like
this
rapping about the world history
assignment". And I was like, "okay that's cool." So I
sat down and the girls were like "oh,
I'm sure you can help us with this" and
I was like..."
So when I was younger and I came to Arizona we were talking about
African-American history and everybody
was staring at me like asking me
questions. I'm not the teacher - I am the student
I'm just trying to learn too.
There are so many people that I was
surprised that haven't heard or haven't
personally known someone who went through
something. So they thinking of some
things are just like in the past.
When topics come up, and this is in the classrom,
anything related to African-Americans,
all those students, the pressure
will turn to an African-American student, expect
them to have something to say.
What strikes about this, is a couple
things. That 1) I think people somehow
assume there's some sort of newsletter
that all African-Americans receive. That this is
going to be there sort of insights and they're gonna,
going to be able to have all this knowledge. If
you're talking about African-American history
African-American studies, or issues like African-American culture,
those are scholarly subjects. I mean, I've spent my
life reading books, reading articles, to
get up to speed on what it means to teach
African-American history. When I was 12,
13, 14, I didn't know those things.
But when i came to ASU and I took
Intro to African-American Studies we went in
class and there was one class that was
focused on the life of Emmett Till. And that
story was so like... I walked out of there
crying that day. It was, I don't know,
It is is so shocking and there are a
lot of stories from Black History, really
that people don't know about.
And I definitely don't think that it should
just be limited to 1 month.
It wasn't until I got into college where I
engaged in events that are for celebrating the month.
And I don't understand why is not
taught more in Elementary and Middle School.
Because I felt like if it was, I'd actually
be a little more interested in history.
I guess, get to know me, don't just judge me by
like how I look. Like really, really, get to know and understand me.
If we recognize, first of all, our shared humanity and I
think that's the way of sort of moving
beyond this sort of notions and
categories of people because it's
convenient,
not necessarily because it's true or
even accurate.
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Sweet Heart Martini - Duration: 1:33.
For more infomation >> Sweet Heart Martini - Duration: 1:33. -------------------------------------------
Bad Dowsing Questions - Duration: 3:51.
Hi, this is Nigel from Discovering Dowsing answering your questions about dowsing.
Bad dowsing questions.
Most books about doing or dowsing teachers will usually tell you about how to ask good
dowsing questions.
That's certainly what we've done.
But there's not enough emphasis on why some dowsing questions are bad, or poor, or weak,
or to be generally avoided.
That's what this is about.
Generally speaking, bad dowsing questions are too vague.
They are often very short and use vague terms.
But what we're going to be looking at here is what exactly is wrong with them.
First, if ever anyone talks about the 'highest good' of something, it's a bad question.
Why?
Because there is no way, ever, that you are going to know the outcome and there is nothing
you can measure.
But, far worse than that, is the fact that by referring to something you can never know
about, you have given over your power to some unseen, unknown, unpredictable force or personality
or being and left it up to it/them to decide the outcome.
That is not what dowsing is about.
Dowsing is about empowerment and about helping you in life and guiding you through various
problems and tricky decisions.
But, by throwing in the term 'highest good', you've given all that up and left it to
the whim of 'whatever' to decide for you.
In that case, why bother dowsing at all?
Just put the pendulum down and walk away.
Another bad question has the world 'should' in it.
'Should I buy this?'
'Should I do this?'
The word should implies a moral judgment and, as such, is asking for some outside opinion
to validate what you do.
'Should I marry so-and-so?'
Why would you ask that sort of question?
What does it mean if it's either 'yes' or 'no'?
What information does that give you?
None!
You have no idea of the pros or cons of the answer.
If someone comes to you and asks, 'Should I do so-and-so?', your answer will (hopefully)
contain reasons for your decision.
But, in dowsing, you don't get those reasons.
And the reasons behind the answer might be relevant to you or not.
Those reasons will help you make up your mind to accept the answer or not.
But, in dowsing, you don't get that chance to weight the arguments, because you already
decided to bypass them.
Don't ask anything about 'should'!
There's another bad question which begins with 'May I?
Can I?
Should I?'
OK, so this is not strictly about a dowsing question, but about what some people say you
should do (notice the 'should' there?) before dowsing.
Apparently, it's meant to clear up any issues about what you're proposing to dowse about.
Except it doesn't.
It's dowsing about whether to dowse or not.
Which is somewhat circular.
Who are you asking?
And why should they be trusted?
If you don't have the moral compass to decide whether it is ethical to dowse, or doubt you
are competent enough to dowse, then don't dowse!
Asking that three part question is not going to make things happy for you.
Most people will get the answer they want anyway, and then hide behind the statement
that they asked permission first.
There are other types of bad questions, but those are the main types to avoid.
Happy Dowsing!
Thanks for watching.
Don't forget to subscribe and claim your free video series on dowsing by clicking on
the link in the description beneath this video.
There's much more to dowsing than this short video can go into.
We have others you can watch and we've suggested a couple that you might be interested in.
While you're here, why not leave a comment as well?
We'd love to hear from you.
-------------------------------------------
10 Accidental invention - Duration: 4:47.
For more infomation >> 10 Accidental invention - Duration: 4:47. -------------------------------------------
The Customer Social | SXSW 2017 - Duration: 0:35.
SXSW 2017
we're back
And this time we brought our friends [converseon, power reviews, emma, conversocial]
Join us at our Customer Social
Saturday March 11, 2-6pm Moonshine Grill 303 Red River Street
Gain insights from top brands
on how to guide customers from discover to advocacy
and learn about the new marketing
Customer Experience
Reserve your spot today at ReviewTrackers.com/SXSW
#SXCX Booth #937
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Akimbo MK23 | Airsoft Pistol Rampage | Cleanshot - Duration: 4:41.
Hey guys, this is Cleanshot and today we are at wild mountain.
And I'm going pistol only.
I started with some dual wielding with the Tokyo Marui MK23.
And the STTI MK23.
The last mission, me and Silo both went with an MK23 for some teaming up action.
I hope you guys enjoy and if you do leave a like and a sub.
Second mission is on and Silo joined me.
He got the STTI MK23 and I got the Tokyo Marui MK23.
I can say that the Tokyo Marui MK23 is better out of the box than the STTI MK23.
But for that price its still pretty effective.
Well that's it guys for this short gameplay video.
I hope you enjoyed it and if you got any tips on pistol gameplay leave a comment down below.
and don't forget to subscribe for more video's just like this.
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How to Draw a Crystal Heart - Saint Valentine's DIY - 3D - Duration: 3:40.
Hello my friends and welcome to another Tuesday of tutorial!
I am Leonardo Pereznieto and today we will draw a heart.
Let´s begin sketching the silhouette with a red marker.
As you see I am free handing this totally with no prior sketch,
you may do it like this or also you can sketch it
priorly with pencil, so that you can erase if you want to.
And, we fill it in… flat.
Then with a dark purple pencil, I´ll go over the edges, to create
a shade or a dark reflection where the glass turns.
This is going to be a glass heart.
In some areas, I´m leaving the red. I am not filling in totally
continuous and even.
That´s because we want to create different types of reflections
of course.
You may want to do some shading like this. More or less following the
shape that you want, like it´s a bit rounded on top.
And we have made darker reflections, let´s make a lighter one
over here, with a light orange.
And with a white pencil, an even brighter reflection over here, also
following the shape.
Very good, and some little ones on the side.
With a dark blue, we can reinforce some of the darks.
By the way, I´m making this with a lot of love, for my wife!
I think I will use it as a card and write something on the paper.
Wish me luck for the inspiration for that!
[Laughter] I´m good at drawing but not so much at writing.
And we do the shadow with a red and orange.
We can add some gray and white.
I use some darker red to do some slight shading to the heart.
And I will make the shadow a bit bigger, wider. I think that would look better.
Sometimes it is tricky when you are drawing with color pencils, to do the shadow
specially the edge so that it comes slightly blurred.
As it should be. What I did in this case to solved that, was to draw with white
on the edge of the shadow.
That soften it a little bit and I think it looks alright.
With the purple I widen a little bit and the reflection on this side.
The list of materials is in the information below the video.
The description of the video.
I want to thank all the people, the volunteers, who are translating
these videos, to their languages.
Specially Jean-Luc Coulon who translates all my videos into french.
That helps a lot of people who want to learn to draw and that not necessarily
speak english.
If you want to translate, please see the instructions, also on the
description on the video.
Very good! ¡Excelente! And it´s ready!
I want to wish you a happy Valentine´s
And if you enjoy the video, please give it a LIKE! share it to your friends
and subscribe to Fine Art-Tips.
And I will see you, on Tuesday :)
Subtitled by Grethel Trejo
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I Would Have Known That I Wasn't Alone - Duration: 0:33.
A wise man learns from the mistakes of others and a fool waits and learns
from his own. If I was 19 years old and I had a place to go like Wisdo,
I would have been there. I didn't have anybody to ask other than the fellow
junkie. And they're probably just going to ask me if I want to get high
with them. You need a place to go that has that knowledge,
that has that information from people who have been through it, firsthand.
Wisdom is a lot better than knowledge, and wisdom is the art of experiencing
something. So if I had somewhere to go, it would have made it a lot easier.
It would have made the process and the journey a lot easier.
And I would have known that I wasn't alone.
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BOYs : EPISODE 0003 : "BIRDPOOP BOY" 🕊️🐤🐦🦅 | GIRLY BOY - Duration: 2:30.
hey Teddy! you like boys now, don't you?
leave me alone!
aw, are you blushing? do you really like me?
I said leave me alone!
you're in big trouble now!
leave that boy alone!
what....the...?
BOYs - DIARY 0003 - BIRD POOP BOY
pick on someone your own size!
um....little bunny creature thing. we would but you're not our size
take this!
you little brat!
I got you!
oh no, no, no!
yay! you saved me!
don't bother this loner boy again!
lets run away!
thanks
you are welcome! what's your name, anyway?
Teddy
oh! that is so cute!
oh no!
what's wrong?
you said I got bird poop on my hair! I got to go!
....you're the bird poop boy?....
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A better mix for your church service live stream web audio - Duration: 10:51.
Hey, it's Dave Dolphin at practicalworshipblog.com,
sharing ideas, tips and
practical advice for the everyday
worship leader. Today I want to talk
about our broadcast mix, the audio mix
that we used as a part of our livestream
when we broadcast live our services on
the internet either for people
to watch that morning while it's going on
live or later on in the week.
And specifically how you can make your
broadcast audio have life and presence
and not be flat and dry and bland and
things like that. So our broadcast mix is
actually a board mix from our front of house.
We don't have a separate desk in a
separate room or anything like that. Here
at front of house we actually also
create our broadcast mix but, there's
some things that we do to it that give
it life and presence and not be bland
and dry.
I'm going to give you a taste of what our
broadcast mix sounds like. I've got some
multi-tracks over here from a previous
Sunday and the exact mix that we used for
this song on this Sunday, and so it
sounds a little bit like this...
All right. So I'm going to make some
changes. I'm going to turn some things
off and do a couple things that I'll explain
what I'm doing here in a second, but I
want you to compare what you just listened to
to this...
Could you hear how dry and flat that
second version is compared to the first
version? It has no space. It doesn't
live in a 3D space, and if there's a
common mistake that I here on livestreams
that churches do is that they use some
kind of a board mix that
doesn't live in any kind of space. When
you are in the room, the auditorium (the
room or whatever) has a natural feeling or
presence to it, a reverb. When you have
a dry mix all of that is gone, so you
have to add that back in, take your music
and put it back into kind of a 3D space.
Now the first thing that we do is we
utilize panning and we use stereo. We use
that to our advantage. Now the PA in this
room is actually mono, so anything that
we do in stereo in the room has no
benefit. But for our broadcast mix it does
help. So for example, right here is the
the panning knob, and you can kind of see how as
I go through the different channels we
are utilizing the stereo field. So some
things are left and some things are
right. Things like this... right here is our
live keys and that is in stereo and our
Ableton tracks right here we run
those in stereo as well. Again, taking
advantage of the stereo field to begin
the process of at least putting it in a
two-dimensional space and having a sense
of a left and a right. Now the second
thing that we do is that we actually mix
with a lot of effects, with reverb and
delay, and that's part of our sound. We
take a page from Andrew Stone's book
at Church on the Move in that we like to use
a lot of effects and reverbs and delays
and things like that, primarily for the
sound in the house but the broadcast mix
definitely benefits from that. So let's
just talk about the drums for just a
second here.
I'll turn it off...
All right, so let's talk about what's going on.
We have a dedicated reverb just for our
drums. We have a lot of snare drum and a
little bit of the toms as well.
This song he's actually got some cymbals
in there as well. Normally that's down
like that. Adding just some reverb mainly
to the snare and a little bit to the
toms can really put the entire drum kit
into a three-dimensional space. So the
next thing that we do a lot of effects
on is going to be the vocals. Our
strategy is that we actually have two
verbs, one that's super long and another
one that is a lot shorter. The main vocal
gets the long and the rest of the
background vocals get the short. So here
is the lead vocal through that reverb.
What's going on there
is lots of that goes to my lead vocal
right here and then the rest of the
singers get this shorter verb. Now in
order to make all the singers kind of
sound like one, notice that I'm getting a
little bit in the short verb and
everyone else is getting a little bit in
the long verb, but that way the long
verb is just for the lead and it
doesn't muddy up the mix with all these
reverb trails of all these people
singing. It gives the effect of the space
but not muddying up the mix.
Here's what the background vocals sound like.
So that puts it in
some kind of a 3D space, but it's not too
much. Just enough to kind of put it
together. And then the final thing we do
add is we add delay as well, so all the
vocals together with the delay, the
reverb, everything sounds like this.
Now the last thing that we do is we
actually bring back in some of the
natural reverb of the room with room
mics. We've got a pair of room mics, one
on each of our camera platforms in the
back of the room, and they are just
giving you a little bit more of a
sense of being in the room. They're
picking up the volume off of the stage,
they're picking up reactions from people
singing and clapping and things like
that and just adding a little bit of the
energy of the room back into the mix.
If I mute everything but I turn those on,
I should get just the room mics.
So that's what those sound like. Let's turn
this off. I'm going to keep all the reverbs
and delays off. We'll go back to our dry mix
with our room mics off.
It's real subtle but that combined with
everything else really adds to a mix, a
broadcast mix, that feels like you're in
the room instead of just this dry, flat
non-dimensional mix. So that's kind of
a look into our broadcast mix and how we
add a little bit of life and presence
into it and for those that are watching
at home making them feel, have a sense
that there in the room with us during
the service. Here at Practical Worship
we love sharing ideas and tips and
practical advice for the everyday
worship leader with videos and just like
this one, so if this was helpful hit
that like button below. That tells YouTube
that somebody liked it
and someone else might like it and
they begin to promote a little bit more
when you do that. Also consider
subscribing to the channel. We do videos
just like this we talk about gear and
leadership principles and how to lead in
worship teams and tech teams and things
like that, so if you hit subscribe you'll
know when new videos come online here
at YouTube every single week. And if this
was beneficial to you, you might know
someone that might benefit from this
information as well. Consider sharing it
on social media, on Facebook and Twitter
and places like that. For more great
practical advice check out
practicalworshipblog.com.
-------------------------------------------
L'HISTOIRE du PRÉSERVATIF ! - PIÈCE - Duration: 9:49.
For more infomation >> L'HISTOIRE du PRÉSERVATIF ! - PIÈCE - Duration: 9:49. -------------------------------------------
LA CAPITALE BOREALE - Tales of Berseria, Episodio 04 [JRPG PS4 ITA] - Duration: 38:34. For more infomation >> LA CAPITALE BOREALE - Tales of Berseria, Episodio 04 [JRPG PS4 ITA] - Duration: 38:34. -------------------------------------------
3 manières de prononcer le CH en anglais - Duration: 4:42.
In English there are three major ways to pronounce the « ch » sound in English: [ʃ] , [tʃ] , [k].
For... even an English speaker sometimes that can be difficult
So I'm going to explain to you the three different ways.
Let's start off with the easiest of the three.
Shhhh
Now, this might be the easiest for French speakers because
the English words that sound like "shhh" are actually borrowed from French words.
Any time that you recognize French origins in an English word
You can pronounce it as "shh"
We have machine
Parachute. Parachute excuse me, I'm saying it in French now...
Mustache
So, if you can hear that: the "shh" behind it.
The second is probably the most common in the English language. It is the "tch"
It's also probably the most difficult to pronounce
And unfortunately there aren't really any ways that you can
decipher when to use this kind of pronunciation
Just the fact that it's probably used the most.
Now, what are some words that have this "tch" sound?
Well there are quite a few... Cherry,
And now the third sound. It is...
A little bit harder of a sound. It's harder than both the "shh" and the "tch"
But it's also easy to identify
if you know your greek roots.
Because the "k" sound, this "k"
Comes from Greek origins.
So, what are some words that have this "k" sound? Like I said, Greek origins.
So,
Alright?
Now I'm going to say a sentence
And I want you to try to hear the different sounds that are
associated in the sentence
Can you hear that?
It's kind of a funny sentence as well.
So anyway... Just work on those three sounds: the "shh", the "tch" and the "k",
And thank you for joining me. Have a great day guys, see you later.
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MINDSET - The remarkable story of Jonathan Grey (Model Hordse Movie) - Duration: 1:28:33.
I did it for me. I liked it. I was good at it. And I was really...I was alive
You want to talk to your neighbor now.
Don't look at me.
You need to change the tape of the camera
I did it for me… I liked it… I was good at it... and this is my story…
Mindset – The remarkable story of Jonathan Grey
It could all have been so easy.
I could've been a boy, brought to school by his dad every morning.
I could've been a boy, hanging out with his friends in the coolest places,
talking about the newest smartphones all day.
But I've never been like the others. I've always been… different.
Jonathan broke my Airplane!
I'm going to tell Mrs. Springs!
Mrs. Springs!
Now you're into trouble, freak, haha!
Zack, Kyle, Jonathan, what's the matter?
I broke it by accident.
*It's Kyle's fault*
Kyle did shove Jonathan and he fell on my airplane and broke it!
Young man! Come with me this instant?!
WHAT!?
I never made many friends with my strange ability.
Awkward things happened, everywhere, I showed up.
Horses tend to behave completely irrational, against their usual habits.
It wasn't long, the horses connected these events with me.
And I was alone. All alone.
And when I entered the Malcolm X Middle School, my nightmare just went on.
Only one horse seemed to understand me. Her name was Layla.
Oh god, sorry!
No, no, it's okay. Things happen...
It was the first time, I've had this feeling.
Layla and I spent a lot of time together from this day on.
Thanks to her, for the first time in my life, I didn't felt like the freak the other ones called me.
For the first time in my life, I was….happy.
But Happiness wasn't granted in my life. At least not for long.
So, where are we going?
I dont't think I have to justify myself in front of you, when I want to go home.
Well, well. Pretty cheeky for the guy who pulled off the Quarterback's girlfriend.
You don't own Layla.
She can go out with whoever she wants! And now let me through!
I don't think you get me right, freak!
If you don't stay away from her, you're going to get killed. Understood?
You have no clue in what kind of trouble you are, asshole!
I warned you! Any last words!?
I know for sure that your life is just as terrible as mine, Kyle.
Or is it pleasant for you that your parents send you to boarding school every holidays,
because they've got no time for you? That they don't even take you home for christmas?
Shut up!!
No matter how much you hurt me. It will not ease your pain.
Oh, really? I think this feels just great!
I will kill you now, you little dumbass. And no one will care!
No one! No one will miss you. What do you say?
*Just go die you asshole*
Kyle, what's wrong with you?
If you don't start doing something you'll never achieve anything!
I just don't love you anymore..
With this grades he won't even make it to the senior year!
What's wrong with you... whats wrong with you?
Loser! If you don't start start doing anything, you'll never achieve anything - don't love you anymore- wrong with you?
*echoing voices*
NO!
He's dead. Kyle is dead!
I knew it. Always strange things happen, when he is around. He's a monster!
I'm gonna…!
No, leave me alone!
Let him go. If he dares to show up here again, I'm going to stab him personally! He can bet on it!
Yeah! Did you hear that, freak! Get lost and don't you dare to come back again!
Hey! You're in trouble?
Come with me. Maybe I can help.
My ability is both, a blessing and a curse, which I cannot always control.
But I never ever wanted to be the reason why another horse tried to kill itself.
Rick… Hey Rick! Get up! Rick!
Yep, and you're still not my mother.
Didn't you tidy up the mess from yesterday evening?
What mess?
No idea…Can't remember. Would explain my gigantic hangover, tho...
You got to be kidding! You drunk all o fit?!
That were two bottles of Vodka and a whole six-pack of beer!
Oh.. sorry… hat a little setback last night
How can you just drink like this?
I've got year of practice. Don't you forget.
I thought you wanted to stay clean.
Hey! At least I'm not doing lines while drinking, anymore!
That's a progress! Well, maybe a little of a setback but for every step forward you're tacking a half back, or so…
Argh, come on! I was clean for two whole weeks!
That's not the point; rick! You know the rules!
Damn, I completely forgot about that!
You don't say…
We can still get new ones, can't we?
I mean with your little magic tricks it shouldn't be much of a problem, right?
Pff… Magic tricks…
You know exactly, that Dexter chases us out of the area if we don't get him, what he wants.
You know what he does to horses that refuse to obey him. Thinking of Joey….
Brrr, don't remind me of that.
Dang drug mobsters! Why don't they do their donkeywork on their own?
Don't ask thinks like that. You know just as good as me how unfair life is.
As long as there are horses, doing their dirty jobs more or less voluntary, like hell they won't change anything.
I know. Or I wouldn't be sleeping under a bridge with you.
I would have gone back to my parents, but you know…
Your father is an alcoholic and your mother is a gambling-addict.
We've had that conversation quite often, Johnny, you know?
I know, I'm sorry.
Hey, It's ok. We've got us. That's way better than living in such a square family, right?
I can always rely on you!
And I can rely on you
… well… most of the time
I hope so! Come on. I've got to right my wrong.
Actually it's me who should go in there.
With your smell of alcohol you'd get more attention than we need.
Sorry, man. I really hate using you, but…
Drop it! It's okay.
Take care!
*You don't care about me. I'm just a normal teenager*
Jonathan? Jonathan Grey?
What? Huh…
Jonathan! Is that really you?
Uhh… I… I don't kn…
*Why now? She doesn't look me in the eyes*
What happened to you? You suddenly didn't show up in school. What went wrong?
I'm fine. Super doozie.
Is it because of Kyle's death?
No! No. I just couldn't wrap my head around it.
School? Or what?
Yeah, yeah, right. School…
*Look me in the eyes! Bloody hell, I beg you!*
You had the best grades, Jonathan! You were valedictorian! What happened?
You've lost it? All of it? Just because of a mare?
She knew me! What should I've possibly done?
Make her go away with your little superpower, maybe?
Anything like that!
Because now we are pretty screwed…
She didn't look me into the eyes. Like she couldn't.
When I think about it, she never looked me in the eyes before...
I don't get it. The first time Jonny meets a hot chick, he just drops everything.
Maybe I should give you some lessons in love. Bees and flowers, you know?
So you can tap her right away the next time, you fucking genius!
No, thanks. I pass...
Yeesh. Runs away from the love of his life. So typical...
Oh yeah? And you think you can do better?
Hah. You betcha!
I really don't want to interrupt your little 'bromance' but I think Jonathan forgot something.
Yeesh...
What are you doing here?
You're welcome.
It took a while to convince the salesman that you dropped the stuff by accident, because I broke up with you.
You were together? Really?
What do you want for it?
It would be enough for me if you promised me not to go shoplifting again, Jonathan.
I'd lie, promising that.
It's just like that out here. Kill or be killed.
And why don't you get a job? Why don't you come to school again?
There are things, not everyone needs to know, Layla.
So darn right!
May I talk to you? Alone?
Sure…
Did he tell you all of this?
What?
That you need to steal to survive?
Listen. It was my decision, alright?
Pff….A likely story.
Layla! Look at me!
I …don't… believe… a ...word!
Look at me, Layla!
*You must forget me*
No matter, what I do. I could never forget you, Jonathan.
I always think about our times together at school.
*Layla, you need to go now*
I don't know, how you do it.
I just don't understand, how everytime, I look into your eyes, there's thoughts rushing through my head
that I would never think of, myself. I don't understand you.
Maybe that's why I feel so... attracted by you...
No one understands me. That's why I'm living here.
*Go home, Layla*
I... I gotta go... Can we meet again?
As much as I'd like to, but…
You got a number? I'll write you then.
Do I look like I've got one?
Oh… Sorry…
I live here. You know, where to find me.
I'd love to meet you again. See ya soon!
Oh, and Layla!!!
Thanks…. Thanks for… you know what..
Until now I don't know why she fascinated me so much.
Maybe I just longed for telling her my dark secret. I wanted her to be by my side always.
I wanted her to love me the way I was, even with my strange ability.
I would have to tell her. Sooner or later.
I can't believe, she actually paid for all that stuff.
There must be something shady about that.
Never mind that.
We got what we need and thanks to her we got away from any trouble.
Yeah, but I tell ya… everyone's got his price. Just wait for it.
Oh, Rick. There's no need to be jealous of her.
Jealous! Me? Of her? Pfff, you must have lost your mind
Yeesh… It smells worse than a crematory down here.
Besides, it always gives me chills when I think where the stench comes from...
DEX? We got you the stuff... Candles, alcohol and toilet-cleaner.
We don't plan about staying long, so...
Well, well, well. Not so fast, where are we going?
You don't want to leave before we checked the goods, do you?
How rude of you!
Looks like there's everything we need.
But I've expected you in the morning.
What did take you so long?
Make them kneel!
Speak or tonight you two will be the toys of some lonely stallions that are very bored.
And you wouldn't want that, would you, Jonathan?
Or do you plan to put on your dogface again?
Well, that doesn't work for me!
It's not his fault! I had a setback.
We just got some new stuff in a supermarket. That's why we're late. Sorry...
Did somebody notice?
Let them go. At least they got us everything we needed.
You didn't need to do that. Standing straight for me. You know?
Drop it. I owed you that.
But he could've killed ya. He does that sometimes. Just like that.
Ahh c'mon, shut up! Nothing happened.
Thanks
Sure, man. We're buddies, remember?
I'm glad, you found me, Rick.
Some things seem to be supposed to happen. Maybe it was destiny…
Well then, I'm glad, destiny once had something good for me to spare.
In the following weeks, Layla visited us.
Every time I saw her dazzling smile, I felt my heart slipping away.
She reminded me of long gone days.
Of beautiful days.
Of careless days.
The rare moments in which I've been really happy.
More and more I felt how these feelings were taking over me.
At first we met once or twice a week, then three times, then four times
and in the end Rick and I ventured nothing without her anymore.
My old friend seemed to wish for nothing more than turning back the time, so I never met her.
But I finally felt… whole….
After so many years.
What are you lot waiting for! Get rid of that trash!
Down here it looks worse like in Digger's car!
Shut up and hurry! Thomas doesn't like waiting!
Hey Jonathan! I've paid for the stuff, good luck with it.
Use this chance to become a better horse. Love, Layla.
PS: I hope we meet again, soon.
What now, Boss?
Guess what? Let's find them and show them what it means to mess around with Dexter Melarc!
He lied to me… This little piece of shit lied to me!
That little, crafty…. Oh, just you wait, Jonathan Grey. You will pay for that!
I love this sky. I think there will be lots of stars tonight.
It may not be the most beautiful place in the world,
but if everything gets to you and you just wanna escape for a while…
Oh, you won't believe how I've always dreamt of such a place!
Well then, there's no need to keep on searching now.
May I tell you a secret?
Oh, I'm curious!
I always imagined a place like this. And whenever something upset me, I've dreamt away to that place.
A place in your head?
What's the matter? Everyone has that special place in his fantasy, right?
You're not going to tell me, you don't like dreaming yourself away, do you?
Hey!
I think no place in this world could be more beautiful than being here with you.
Johnny? What's the matter? What's wrong?
It's…It's just… well… I
No matter, what it is. It can't be so crazy to surprise me in any way. I mean…
I'm standing on a beautiful hill, watching the sunset, with an ex-classmate, who now lives on the streets.
Apart from that you now owe me a secret, too.
I was born with the ability to manipulate the minds of horses.
It's my fault, Kyle killed himself and I am scared, I could hurt anyone again.
That's why I'm living here.
Ah…uh… o - kay?
Layla, wait! I didn't make that up!
How incredibly interesting…
Let me show it to you! Who would you never go on a date with?
Uhhh…. Jonathan… what's wrong with you?
Layla! Please, do me that favour, okay?
Uhhh…. well… err…..Rick!
Not that I had anything against him, no! He's cool! Really!
Nononono! Don't get me wrong! He's just not my type.
And he's a bit smelly… and he maybe should brush his teeth more often, but apart from that…
Well, you might be right about that.
But if you're in trouble you can always count on him.
Oh yeah. I believe that! Actually…
*You think Rick is actually pretty cute*
…he is really nice and maybe I'm doing him wrong and should…
NO! That's not my thought! That's not mine! I'd never... Jonathan! Jonathan, stop it!
I'm sorry, I just wanted to prove, I'm not making things up, and…
Was that it what I always felt, when I was with you?
I'm afraid, yes.
I am so sorry. I didn't mean to manipulate you, really.
But you did it anyways. And why didn't it work, then?
It only works if the thought I'm giving, isn't too absurd.
As you maybe have noticed…
That's so awesome! Were you bit by a radioactive spider or something like that?
? That's how you get superpowers, isn't it!
At least in all the Marvel comics say so…
No. I was born with it. Neither it's a superpower or magic
It's more like… a sixth sense.
It's deep down somewhere in any horse but only a few are able, to make use of it.
And if they do, it's very weak in the most cases.
But it's different for me. It's getting stronger.
Well, that's creepy…
I know, but Layla! Layla, listen to me!
I wanted you to know, because… because I…
Crap! JONATHAN!
Come on, Rick! What are you waiting for? Save them!
No… No, I can't. They have me outnumbered.
If they get me too, we are all screwed. Like – Game over.
I need to get help, I'm afraid.
I don't know, Dex. Shouldn't we have caught that Rick, too?
Rick is an idiot. We can take care of him, later.
You sure, he won't get the cops?
Shut it! It's more important, we got Jonathan.
We take care of everything else, later.
What do you want from me?
Actually I wanted to slice up your throat because you lied to me, you little brat!
But now I noticed, you may be very useful to me.
How could I be useful to you?
Don't take me for a fool!
I've heard you saying it yourself!
You've got a very special power.
Which I am absolutely not going to use to ease your cheesy businesses, you bastard!
I was not expecting you to help me voluntarily, kid.
Slice up her shoulder!
NO!
No, please don't hurt her.
Just listen to that little wimp. How pathetic.
No!
*You're not expecting me to fight back*
Follow me! Hurry!
Wait. It's just beginning to get really interesting.
There's only one way out but a thousand ways to go there.
Save your strength.
Which way now?
Left! No, right. No, left! I… I don't know!
Light! There's light!
We've made it, Layla! We've really made it!
Welcome back…
How dare you, showing up here again, you brat!
! I thought we've finished that subject!
I won't give you money for drugs anymore!
Uncle Joe! I swear, this time I'm not here because of that!
Whatever it is, I am wasting my time on you. Piss off!
Uncle Joe! Wait!
It's my friend, Jonathan! He got kidnapped!
Friend? So you are gay now?
Joseph Lester Jefferson! Listen to me, please!
onathan was kidnapped by Dexter Melarc, right hoof of Thomas Sullivan,
the biggest drug dealer in the city! You don't wanna let him slip through your hooves, do you?
Why should I trust you, you little monster?
After all what you and your bloody ego have done to your mother after your father's death.
You've destroyed her!
After your father died your mother lost everything. She'd be living on the street if it wasn't for me.
It's about my friend, alright? I'd catch a grenade for him to be safe!
And now get off your bureaucratist-ass and DO SOMETHING!
You know, where to go?
I think so.
Then go there and make sure, the tracker always stays in your pocket. Understood?
Without it we can't track you anymore.
Yeah, sure.
Remember. They should in no case find out that the police is following you, okay?
Listen. You may not believe me but I am not crackbrained – yet…
It's for your own safety, Rick Jefferson!
Hold your horses.
Your failed escape must have been really exhausting.
Take a break.
Go to hell, Dexter!
Dexter would you be so kind to leave me alone with that little guy?
Sure, Mr. Sullivan
Yeesh, no need to be afraid, kid.
What do you want from me?
Shall I use my power to do some of your dirty jobs?
Or worse – kill someone for ya?
Ha! Easy, kid.
Why you gotta think of the worst thing on the first hand?
Why don't you just listen to me?
What do you want?
I just wanna make a little deal. Just between old acquaintances, you know?
You know NOTHING about me!
Let's say:
I have been observing you longer than you might expect and for thus I am pretty well aware of your little secret.
But because I've already experienced that the manipulation of mind-frequencies only works
if you look in somebody's eyes, I've–excuse me, please–
prevented this little problem with this pair of safety glasses. We don't want you to get any ideas, do we?
But…where…?!
And you know what's best? It only works for you!
These glasses don't stop me in any way.
Actually I was planning on paying you a visit myself, soon,
but it seems like that brainless Idiot Dexter beat me to the punch this time…
Pretty strange if you ask me. Usually the heads of horses are like open books for me -
I just can't figure him out.
But where there's no brain, I can't see anything.
I'm wandering off the point…
Long story short: You've impressed me, kid.
Not everyone is born with the ability to manipulate the subconscious of other horses. This is a godsend!
*What does he mean? Is he kidding me?*
Not at all!
Or do you really think these horses fear me for my extraordinary sense of humor?
Ohh, look! A lucky penny! How did it get here?
A mind-reader. I didn't know, there's more horses like me.
There seem to be many things, you don't understand.
Actually, any horse is able to think on five mind-frequencies. Let's call it 'Mindsets'.
I am able to access the upper four and you -
you seem to seize the frequency of the subconsciousness,
which I didn't manage to reach after years and years of studying and meditation.
Just imagine what power we could reach if we stuck together!
What prosperity – what wealth!
Thanks, but..no, thanks…
Wait, wait! You haven't heard the best of it!
If you decide to help me with that little bittiness I have been pondering about for years,
you'll get 15% of the prey – you and your little girly-girlfriend stay alive
PLUS you can build up your own existence. Well? Doesn't this sound brilliant?
Indeed, but…
Think about it, I'm not offering such a deal every day, you know?
Don't let it slip though your hooves!
What would I need to do?
Well, It'd just be a little break-in into the headquarters of the secret service
to copy some staff lists off a computer.
Nothing of bigger importance
If it wasn't of bigger importance, you wouldn't have come for me!
Jesus Christ…
You're clever. I like that. I could find out the password for the computer myself,
but the security guards are always making such trouble if someone wants to borrow something.
Why do you need those lists?
That's … irrelevant.
Relevant is only our deal. What do you say, kid?
I'm afraid, no. I don't want anybody to be hurt because of me.
Well then! What a shame!
If you excuse me – there's some young mare, I need to sharpen my knife on.
Bye-bye
Layla! THOMAS! WAIT!!!
NO!!!
I'm accepting your deal...
Too late! The deal's off.
Maybe I'm going to change my mind some time – if you're lucky.
Think about it!
Thomas!
LAYLA!!! LAYLA! NO!!!
LEAVE HER ALONE, YOU BASTARD!!!
LAYLA!
THOMAS!!! I'M ACCEPTING YOUR DEAL!
I'm accepting!
I'm accepting…
Accepting…
I'm accepting…
NO!
A tracking device? Gosh… how cute.
Now you're in trouble, boy. Real trouble.
Layla, how are you? Oh god what did they do to you?
I am scared, Jonathan.
I'm here, Layla. I'm here.
Let me go, you bastards!
Rick!
This little sack 'o' dick tried to lead the cops to us. He carried a tracking device!
Then destroy the device, you idiots!
We already did so, Mr. Dexter.
Very good. It seems like we now got another leverage for little Jonathan.
Sorry, guys. I messed it up.
You tried.
Yeah…Close, but no banana!
And what do we do now?
I need to help Thomas for the sake of us all...
I don't know, what they want you to do but I know one thing for sure:
You should never trust them. Like - EVER!
But if he doesn't they'll kill us!
Oh well, that's an argument. Jonathan you need to help them!
I swore to myself, at all costs, I'd never be hurting any horse again.
You remember what happened to Kyle.
I am a monster! I can't do that.
You're not a monster! What are you talking about?
I don't wanna do that, Rick. I just don't!
Jonathan…
Oh Jonathan…. Hey! Everything is going to be fine.
You can do it, I'm sure of that
Of course I can! But I don't want to hurt anyone.
You know how unpredictable it gets when I'm upset.
Well, well, well. Clever boy, did you change your mind, yet?
On one condition!
And what would that be?
If I'm going to help you, you have to leave us alone!
I can live with that! DEAL!
Well? Are you happy now?
You might say that.
I just had the urge to blow one of your friends' brain out
out to study the pattern of brain mass on the wall -
Oh well.
See ya at sunrise!
Why do you take her with you?
As insurance you're not using your power against us.
If you're only doing one false move, Dexter will cheerfully slice her throat up, right?
Her mane smells so wonderful, Jonathan.
No surprise, you're so keen on her.
Maybe I should cut a strand of her mane as a souvenir.
DEXTER!
If you believe you're not replaceable in this plan, you're pretty much mistaken!
So quit provoking him, you bloody birdbrain! We're on a mission, remember?
Y…y…yes, Thomas
Surrounded by idiots…
Thank…you?
Oh, shut up… we're almost there!
I'll keep an eye on you, kid!
We're here. Focus now!
I'll show you the way, so just trust me and this coup is going to be a piece of carrots!
Jonathan, you know what you have to do!
*The ID is real. You know our faces*
*We're staff*
Hello
Hi.
You're doing well, kid.
Thanks…
Mr. Nole. My name is Thomas Johnson. Secret Service.
I've got the mission to confiscate data from this computer.
Do you have a decree?
Yeah sure! Here…
Let's see…
That's fake.
What's the pasword for the computer?
Oh no! I'm not going to tell you.
Jonathan!
What's the pasword?
1 C 5 E D C 7 7 1
Thanks that's enough.
And that's it!
You shot him. He's dead!
Yeah, he knew too much.
Come on or I'll execute your little girlfriend right away
HELP! Thomas! Help me!
We did it!
It's funny how dumb horses are.
You may think the secret servive only employs qualificated staff, but nope! NO!
Good job, Jonathan. He did awesome, didn't he?
Layla?
He really did, sweetie. Indeed
Layla… that's not true! THAT'S NOT TRUE!!!
What a talented actress, huh? I am so proud of her!
I'm sorry, Jonathan. But this break-in was long planned and you were the key.
We wouldn't have made it without you.
Layla. Tell me it isn't true!
I love you! I love you, Layla!
Such is life, Jonathan. And my father really appreciated your help.
FATHER?!
And because you stuck to our deal so honestly, I'm going to stick to my part now, aswell!
You wanted me to leave you alone and that's what I'm going to do.
I'm leaving you alone, dying!
Get me that boozy jerk!
That wasn't our deal
I'm sorry that there were some misunderstandings.
I only stick to deals how I made them.
Crap, Jonathan. I thought they'd let us go!
They used me.
You were right. I should never have trusted them.
You know what, Layla? I actually liked you.
What a shame you're such a sneaky bitch!
I told many lies but I said the truth when I was talking about you, you disgusting, filthy bugger!
What you're going to do with the data?
I mean… It's pretty immaterial now if I knew…
The secret service's staff lists also contain data about informants that have been infiltrated into our networks,
feeding the cops with informations about our plans.
As soon as we've decoded those lists, it'd be easy for us to find those black sheep in our organization and erase them.
Eventually, I'll be taking the control over the underground, taking down the networks of the secret service.
When I'm done with that I am going to blackmail the coutry for a little amount of
– let's say 300 mill dollar -
if they want to reboot their networks again.
If they are not keen to cooperate – thanks to the donations of all of you mighty, homeless bees
I've got enough Crystal Meth, I can mix into the water recourses,
to deal a whole city with hallucinations, heart-attacks or death because of hunger or exhaustion.
Until now I've never come that far, because the plan has always been foiled by an informant.
But thanks to you, young friend, soon there'll be a cheerful massacre going to take place down here
Thank you.
*Smoochies ;P*
I can't decide, whether you should live or die …
Sorry, I just love that song!
You're insane!
I am? Whoops!
Rick!
Oh yeah, sure I am! And you know why?
Because, if you don't want life to fuck you, all you need is a heart of stone
and a portion of insanity.
If you don't have that, you'll just end up like your friend, that pitiful sewer rat!
Quit playing hero, kid!
You are a nobody! And no one's going to miss you when you're gone!
And no one will care. NO ONE
No one will ever miss you! What do you say?
Aaaah. My head!
My head. My head! Jonathan. What are you doing? Stop it! Jonathan!
You did a terrible mistake, Thomas!
Lay hooves on me – okay.
Kidnap me, use me, make your daughter play the love of my life, breaking my heart.
But never, EVER – lay hooves on my best friend. Understood?!
I can't see. I can't see! Shoot him! Layla! Shoot him!
LAYLA!!!!!
*He is the enemy. Shoot him!*
No! What are you doing! Shoot him!
*Pull the trigger!*
Layla! Shoot him!
Dexter? I don't understand! But you kidnapped me!
Shut up and take care for your friend. He's dying!
I'm a monster, Rick.
No... you're a hero!
Please. Stay with me. It hurts. It hurts so much, Jonathan
I'll stay
Thanks, Johnny.
Thanks for everything. We'll meet where ever the sun rises again
Rick! Rick! Don't fall asleep. Stay wake! You gotta stay awake! Rick!
Don't worry, he and his daughter will be put behind bars for the next few years.
He kidnapped me and made me use my abilities to steal the lists for him.
I didn't want to do this, but he left me no choice.
We believe you. You were lucky that you had one of our informants by your side.
Or else, it could have come to a bad end.
And what am I going to do now?
If everything you told us is true, you're not out of danger, lad.
As soon as the word of your power spreads, criminals of all professions will scramble to using you for their plans.
But everything I ever wanted was to live a normal life!
I can't promise you that, my friend. But I could register you for the witness-protection program.
Witness-protection program?
New identity, new town. You'd get your own house and could settle down, far away from any worries.
That sounds quite nice, but alone?
If you have someone who you can rely on completly?
And someone who would not care to disappear from the scene…
Ohhhh no… I know what you are thinking right now.
Captain? May I please talk to him for a moment?
There is some serious business I need to discuss with him.
I'll think it over, okay?
Practically, I'd rather put this cheeky rascal behind bars!
Listen, Jonathan.
We had some kind of a bad start and I wasn't always nice to you.
However, you need to know that I could not risk getting caught.
I'd say the same if I was you…
I have to admit, I was searching for a reason to kidnap you for a long time and when I finally got you,
I wanted to bring you as far away from the town as possible, to hide you from Thomas.
But somehow he got scent of my plans and seized you, before I could bring you out of town.
I only want you to know that I spent my whole life practicing for playing this role.
One mistake could have been the end of me.
So please forget everything you heard and learned about me. It was fake, all of it.
So, please let us start from the scratch.
Hello, Mr. Grey. My name is Shaun Winters.
Thank you for leading the police to us, Shaun. Without your help I might not be alive anymore.
Jonathan.
Do never forget that a life's value is only as high as its willingness to offer up itself for the world.
In case you ever need my help… I'm never far away.
Thank you.
Jonathan. Are you coming? I think I've got good news!
You really asked him.
And he enabled it for you.
You're unbelievable.
What do you mean?
Oh, you know what I mean!
My uncle would never do me two favors in one day.
And I know exactly how you managed him to do that, you old fox!
Hard times demand hard measures
Or what do you think, Stanley Morrison?
I think, Jack Miller is an extremely terrible name, but it suits ya!
You old jokester!
Are you ready?
I'm ready, if you are.
So let's start anew.
Somehow, I liked it
At first, I did it for me, because I was good at it.
But fear got in my way.
And now… I can leave it all behind…
and live.
Ohhh don't you dare turning it off! There's more to follow! Just you wait! :P
Taken down by a child! A child! Me!?
I can't believe it. I don't want to. That's impossible, yeah inacceptable, that this little brat stood up to me!
Oh no. No, no, no
Why shouldn't he?
How can it be that I had to work hard for all I've achieved
while he is just BORN TO THAT FUCKING MANNER?
I've sacrificed so much; lost so much what I've thought was safe.
You couldn't save her.
Harriet...
You didn't keep your promise.
HARRIET!
I..I'm going to get you out, baby! I promise!
She trusted you and now you've plunged your daughter in the abyss, too.
That's not true!
Harriet… Harriet and Layla!
I'm. Going to. Get. You. Harriet. I'm. Coming. For. You!
You are my sunshine, my only sunshine,
you make me happy, when skies are grey.
You'll never know, dear, How much I love you.
Oh please don't take my sunshine away.
Sir, SIR! Please! It's 42!
What is it now, Jones? Did he blow up his cell?
No! I think he's trying to kill himself!
My god, not that…
Please, hurry!
Jesus Christ, what a lunatic…
What is he doing?
Seems like the the solitary confinement got the heck of him.
Shall I get a therapist?
It'd be the best, I guess.
No, no, no. I promised!
Where there're walls, I'll tear them down, where there're horses, I'll shoot…
No, no, no…
No way out, no horse out, no thought out, no thought…
It's painful if the beloved ones are so near and far the same time, right?
If you're only thinking of her and she just can't return your love.
Higgins
My name is Dr. Clyve Higgins.
You may have heard my name related to pioneering treatment- methods in the neuromedicine.
Anyways.
You seem to miss your wife.
I may help you, seeing her again
if you repay me a little favor for a problem, I can't solve alone. Get it?
What are you planning to do?
Help me and I get you, your wife and your daughter out here.
You can trust me.
The End
-------------------------------------------
The Evolutionary Advantage Of Swallowing Food Whole - Duration: 3:58.
OK THAT'S ALL I GOT.
Oh that's.
Yeah, that's not even close.
Oh dammit...
Hey animals, you've found DNews, I'm Trace.
This video was everywhere recently showing a dragonfish opening its jaws by 120 degrees
-- meaning they can, horrifyingly, swallow their prey whole!
The gorgeous video is from a new study in PLoS One looking at evolution of the heads
of this family of deep-sea fish.
The dragonfish has sharp teeth, not for chewing, but for holding.
The idea is to get the food into the stomach whole…
Yikes.
There's not a lot of food where it lives, so this is a huge advantage.
But, the ability to swallow food whole isn't unique to these fish.
In terms of jaw opening, the burmese python puts the dragonfish to shame -- with jaws
opening to 150 degrees -- 180 is a straight line.
The goal here is to, of course, swallow food whole -- which just sounds… uncomfortable.
Why would an animal evolve to not chew?
Swallowing food whole evolved because, to be honest… chewing is hard work; it takes
energy!
Most mammals chew -- though not all, dolphins swallow their food whole.
Reptiles on the other hand, seem to like only taking one bite.
This is because chewing expends energy.
A 2013 study in PLoS One postulates that a major advantage for swallowing food whole
is [quote] "No time needed for processing."
Animals that swallow food whole get the energy from their food ASAP with minimal energy tax.
The Plos One researchers think not chewing is what helped some dinosaurs grow so large!
In a study done with a python, 37 percent of all the energy in the food was spent just
digesting it in the first place!
So, many animals swallow their food whole, simply to get the energy as quickly as possible.
Circumventing this energy tax helped us evolve too!
Ancient humans had large faces with bigger chew muscles.
A 2016 Nature study found as we evolved tools, we began slicing or grinding our food before
eating and that decreased chewing by 13 percent -- more energy for doing other things (like
thinking)!
So, the dragonfish doesn't chew likely because it's quicker to let the teeth grab, and
the fish swallow to get things started.
It costs less energy.
But, we had trouble finding a lot of information on exactly how the dragonfish's digestion
works.
Luckily, we have some analogs, on land, the snake, for example!
Snakes swallow food whole, and have special enzymes in their saliva to start the digestive
process as they "walk" their jaws over the food to pull it into their stomach.
Snake venom contains cytotoxins -- which are also for digestion.
They starts the process from the inside.
On top of that, once in the stomach the snake has to digest everything (pretty much).
They have specialized cells shaped like golf tees that help break down the hard bits, even
bones and eggshells -- depending on the species of snake.
Because a giant bulge in the middle of one's body is evolutionarily disadvantageous, digestion
happens quickly; estimates range from a couple days to several weeks.
So, back to the dragonfish: it has this crazy jaw in part because it needs to swallow food
before the food can escape, plus it doesn't need to chew… because that costs energy.
If the prey is large, the dragonfish can expand its stomach not unlike a snake!
But commonly, they'll eat smaller things like shrimp, plankton, other fish… or get
aggressive and snag the occasional cephalopod.
Hopefully, someday, we'll know more about this intriguing species but for now, at least,
we have this crazy jaw to look at.
Evolution is an incredible thing, creating a whole tapestry of different forms of life,
but this one animal or plant… or… or animal.
Which is it?
It might be both…
Watch this video to see how something could be both plant and animal.
What's the most food you've eaten in one bite.
I actually can eat a hot dog with condiments and bun at once, but the chewing is ain't
pretty...
Let us know down in the comments, make sure subscribe for more DNews and thanks for watching.
-------------------------------------------
My Favorite Things - Duration: 7:55.
Hello my friends! Kaitlyn here! And what do you love?
I'm having a little trouble making a heart. It looks like a heart from my side!
(INTRO MUSIC)
So hey! Today is Valentine's Day and I thought instead of talking about boys or our crushes. That we would
talk about a different kind of love. Our love for our favorite things.
Boys come and go but passions last forever!
So here are some of my favorite things!
#1: Color palettes. I was going to say purple or like pastel colors but then I thought I also love bold colors
and then I realized what I really love is color combinations.
Like you take me to Home Depot and we go over to the paint aisle and just all those chips lined up in
beautiful rainbows on the wall. Ahhhh!
#2: Stuffed Animals!
I'm 26 and I still like to influence my dad or my boyfriend to buy me a stuffed animal if we're out somewhere and I
see one that I think is so cute!
I mean they're so fluffy and you just wanna like bury your face in them and it's very comforting.
#3: Golden Retrievers!
I love dogs. They're so, so cute! And corgis are coming up at a nice 2nd but golden retrievers will always be my top dog.
I had a golden retriever for 8 years and she was amazing and wonderful and just like the most beautiful dog you will ever have seen.
They're so majestic and just regal-looking.
If I see a golden retriever I have to stop and look at it and "Aw!" over it and maybe even pet it although I'm kind of
weird about petting other people's dogs. I don't like to just go up and be like "Ah! Let me touch your pet!"
So instead I'm just standing from far away like agonizing, wanting to touch and pet and just cuddle with it.
#4: Cats! Of course.
I love anything that has to do with cats. I like cats in real life. I like drawings of cats. I like cat patterns on clothing.
Just if it involves a cat in someway, I want it or just somehow be near it.
#5: Rainbows!
Rainbows are beautiful! That's...do I really need to say anything else beyond that? They're just...look at them!
#6: Glitter!
If it sparkles, I'm gonna be pretty excited about it!
#7: Cupcakes! And other sweets, but most especially ice cream cake. If it involves ice cream and cake, it's amazing.
I love sweet things. I love eating them. I also like looking at them though. Like there's an art to making like
desserts and sweets look beautiful which makes you wanna eat them even more.
#8: I love inanimate objects with eyes!
Like if you put googly eyes on most anything.
But like, just think about a strawberry with eyes. Or a cactus with eyes! Or a cupcake with eyes! It just gets super cute!
#9: Coming of age stories.
I was gonna say young adult novels because a lot of coming of age stories are young adult novels but
that's not actually it. There are a lot of BAD YA novels. It's really that I love coming of age stories.
The idea of a character growing up and like learning things about themselves, that's what I actually love.
#10: Barbie fashion!
I know I'm an adult but somehow Barbie is like the most fashionable being/person/something out there.
I love all of her clothes and I love watching videos where people like make clothes for her.
I could watch videos like that all day long.
#11: Sailor Moon!
I loved Sailor Moon as a kid. I loved it because the art was beautiful and because it was like these fun girl
best friends who were also like fighting magical monsters and I wanted to do that and have a bunch of like female friends and do the whole "Girl Power!" thing.
I didn't have the kind of female friendships that I saw a lot on TV and movies and in books. And I always kind of
felt like maybe something was wrong with me. But there was something about Sailor Moon that like made me
think "I can have this. We just don't know each other yet. We're really chosen to like save the world and me and
four other girls are gonna get together and it'll be amazing!"
This is how I rationalized my life when I was a kid.
#12: Gold gilded things.
It doesn't have to be real gold, obviously. I do not have the money to gild all of my favorite things in gold.
But I love gold accents, and I know that's probably a more recently love that I found. I think because I've seen
it a lot more out in the world, but as soon as I saw it. I was like "This...is me!"
#13: Globes!
I think globes are awesome. They're beautiful and spherical and they represent all the different places that you could possibly go on the earth and there's just
something about them that makes me happy when I see them.
#14: Tragic love stories!
You might ask, "Kaitlyn, why don't you like happy love stories and happily ever afters?" which I do but
there's something much more cathartic to me about having a love story that ends tragically.
I don't know why I love it so much like Moulin Rouge--Moulin Rouge is my all-time favorite love story
it ends in tears and horror and awfulness, but I love it so much.
It's almost like the fact that they can't have a happily ever after makes their love more pure in some way because
it will always be in this little box because it can't go on anymore, someone died essentially. I don't know.
#15: Is that I love discovering something new about a person. Something that I didn't expect. And it's something that I could only discover by talking to them.
I'm an INFJ and I'm a very strong J. I tend to make judgements based on like these preconceived notions that I have and I don't like to think that I'm a
"judge-y" person. That's not really what the "J" is. It doesn't make you a judge-y person. And I tend to get
stuck in that thinking until someone with like evidence can prove to me that what I was thinking is wrong or is flawed in some way.
So basically the idea that by talking to a person that I had previously like put into a certain kind of box and
then later realized that there's this secret side to them or there's this thing that I didn't expect about them in some
way is really exciting to me and I just love that feeling that I get when I realize this new thing about a person.
And finally #16. I don't have enough fingers to show you 16, but it's that the numbers 16 and 7 are my favorite.
I know that there are a lot more things that are my favorite and I love. Like while I was filming this video I realized that I didn't even mention unicorns
Like what's wrong with me!?
But I wanted to end with 16 things to make the point that I love the number 16. And like the number 7 because
if you add 6 + 1 you get 7. You see? See...what I did there?
So what can you learn from this? Other than all the things that I love? Well, the things that we love
that we're passionate about, that we have interests in are what make up unique. For the longest time,
especially in high school and some into college I felt like I needed to hide the things that I was really passionate
about. The things that I loved! Because I thought that they were embarrassing. I thought that, you know,
loving stuffed animals would make people think I was immature.
But what good is feeling like that doing for anyone?
Embrace the weird, guys! And love what you love you! Because it's fun!
So I wanna hear what you guys think! Why don't you tell me what your favorite things are down in the comments!
Plus remember to like, favorite, share and subscribe if this video made you smile!
See you guys on Thursday!
(OUTRO MUSIC)
-------------------------------------------
Chronic bronchitis (COPD) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology - Duration: 8:47.Bronchitis means inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lung, and it's said to be chronic
when it causes a productive cough—which means produces mucus—for at least 3 months
each year for 2 or more years.
Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.
These two are different in that chronic bronchitis is defined by clinical features, like a productive
cough, whereas emphysema is defined by structural changes—specifically enlargement of the
air spaces.
That being said, they often coexist, probably because they share the same major risk factor
— smoking.
Other risk factors for chronic bronchitis include exposure to air pollutants like sulfur
and nitrogen dioxide, exposure to dust and silica, as well as genetic factors like having
a family history of chronic bronchitis.
With COPD, the airways become obstructed, and the lungs don't empty properly, and
that leaves air trapped inside the lungs.
For that reason, the maximum amount of air people with COPD can breath out in a single
breath, known as the FVC, or forced vital capacity, is lower.
This reduction is especially noticeable in the first second of air breathed out in a
single breath, called FEV1—forced expiratory volume (in one second), which typically is
reduced even more than the FVC.
A useful metric therefore is the FEV1 to FVC ratio, which, since the FEV1 goes down even
more than FVC, causes the FEV1 to FVC ratio to go down as well.
Alright so say normally your FVC is 5 L, and your FEV1 is 4 L, your FEV1 to FVC ratio would
end up being 80%.
Now, someone with COPD's FVC might be 4 L instead, which is lower than normal, but
the volume of air that he or she can expire in the first second is only 2 L, so not only
are both these values lower, but their ratio is lower as well—and this is a hallmark
of COPD.
All that had to do with air breathed out right?
Conversely, for air going in, the TLC, or total lung capacity, which is the maximum
volume of air that can be taken in or inspired into the lungs, is actually often often higher
because of the air trapping.
Alright, so chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that's diagnosed based on clinical
symptoms, specifically coughing up a lot of mucus.
But why does this happen?
Well, first off, in the lungs, the walls of normal airways have a couple layers to think
about.
Lining the lumen of the airways you've got the epithelium, composed of ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelial cells, which are named that because these epithelial cells have hair-like
projections called cilia, their nuclei don't align so it looks like they're more than
one layer even though they're not, hence, pseudostratified, and because the cells are
mostly tall and narrow - or columnar in shape.
This layer also contains the occasional Goblet cell which makes some of the mucus that lines
the airway.
Going deeper past that layer you've got the basement membrane and loose connective
tissue, called the lamina propria—which together with the epithelium makes up the
mucosa.
Beyond the mucosa, there is smooth muscle followed by more connective tissue, and together,
these two layers make up the submucosa and this is where the bronchial mucinous glands
live.
These are the glands that secrete the majority of the mucus into the lumen of the bronchi,
helping to catch and filter out particles and pathogens.
Finally, in the bronchi, but not the bronchioles, there is also a layer of cartilage below the
submucosa which stiffens the bronchus and helps to keep it open.
Alright so people who smoke expose their airways to all sorts of irritants and chemicals.
Whatever the irritants are, their effect is to stimulate hypertrophy and hyperplasia of
the mucinous glands in the main bronchi, as well as the goblet cells in the smaller airways
- the bronchioles, which increases mucus production in both locations.
Since the bronchioles are smaller, even a slight increase in mucus can lead to airway
obstruction, so this contributes to the majority of the air trapping.
To make matters worse, though, smoking makes the cilia short and less mobile, making it
harder to move mucus up and out of bronchioles towards the back of the throat to get swallowed.
As a result of having too much mucus and poorly functioning cilia, people with chronic bronchitis
end up relying on coughing to get rid of their mucus plugs.
One measurement, typically done post-mortem, is called the Reid index, which is the ratio
of the thickness of the bronchial mucinous glands, relative to the total thickness of
the airway - from the epithelium to the cartilage.
Normally, this ratio should be less than 40%, but it can be over 40% for people with chronic
bronchitis, because of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the glands.
Even though an increased Reid index goes along with chronic bronchitis, the diagnosis is
still done clinically and this measurement is not usually used diagnostically.
All this mucus in the lungs causes people with chronic bronchitis to wheeze
due to narrowing of the passageway available for air to move in and out, these people also
have crackles or rales caused by the popping open of small airways.
People with chronic bronchitis also often present with hypoxemia, low oxygen in the
blood, and hypercapnia, increased carbon dioxide in the blood.
This is because the mucus plugs in the airways block air flow, right?
Which causes the partial pressure of CO2 to increase in the lungs.
Increased PCO2 means that the partial pressure of O2 in the lungs goes down, and a lower
PO2 means less oxygen gets to the blood, causing hypoxemia.
This trapped CO2 in the lungs also makes it harder for CO2 to get out of the bloodstream,
which also explains the hypercapnia.
The increased CO2 levels in the blood can get so bad that some people develop cyanosis,
which is a blue discoloration of the skin, and this is why patients with chronic bronchitis
are sometimes referred to as blue bloaters.
This is compared to the term pink puffers which describes patients with emphysema.
Alright so in addition to those things, in the the areas with decreased gas exchange,
blood vessels undergo vasoconstriction in an attempt to shunt blood to an area with
better exchange; which, if it's localized to one area of the lungs, that would work
pretty well, but when a large proportion of the lungs aren't exchanging oxygen effectively,
a large proportion of blood vessels start to clamp down.
And this has the effect of increasing pulmonary vascular resistance, and to maintain pulmonary
blood flow the body responds by developing pulmonary hypertension.
Over time, this increases the work needed by the right side of the heart to pump blood
to the lungs, and eventually the right side enlarges, leading to right-sided heart failure,
a process called cor pulmonale.
And finally another consequence of mucus plugging in chronic bronchitis is that people can develop
lung infections behind the mucus blockages in the airway, and these infections can worsen
the pulmonary and cardiac symptoms.
Treatment of chronic bronchitis largely involves reducing risk factors, like for example stopping
smoking, but also managing associated illnesses.
Supplemental oxygen, as well as certain medications like bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and
antibiotics to control secondary infections might also be used.
Okay, to recap, chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or
COPD, where exposure to chemicals and irritants—like with smoking—stimulates increased mucus
production in the airways, which causes a productive cough that lasts for at least 3
months each year for at least 2 years.
Thanks for watching, you can help support us by donating on Patreon, subscribing to
our channel, or telling your friends about us on social media.
-------------------------------------------
Alcohol-related liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis) - causes, symptoms & pathology - Duration: 5:51.Alright, so when you drink alcohol, what happens?
Well, okay, what happens to the alcohol?
Well that's mainly your liver's job, right?
Basically, once the alcohol gets to your stomach, most of it's sent to your liver for processing.
In very small amounts, alcohol is more or less harmless, but in excess, it can lead
to serious liver complications, and is the leading cause of liver disease in western
nations.
Once in the liver cells or hepatocytes, it can take one of three pathways, one of which
involves an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase or simply ADH, and this happens in the cytosol
of the cell, another involves a catalase inside organelles called peroxisomes, and a third
involves being converted by the enzyme cytochrome P450 2E1, sometimes just shortened to CYP2E1.
All three of these pathways lead to the conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde.
Once the ADH enzyme is used to convert the alcohol, it needs another compound called
NAD+, which is then converted into NADH.
As NADH levels increase, and NAD+ levels decrease, this has two effects, higher NADH levels tell
the cell to start producing more fatty acids, and lower NAD+ levels result in less fatty
acid oxidation, both of which lead to more fat production in the liver.
Now excessive fat in the liver is also known as fatty change or fatty liver, where it gets
large, heavy, greasy, and tender, but typically at this point, patients don't have symptoms
like fever or high levels of neutrophils in the blood.
The liver also often takes on a more yellowish color, which is due to all these fat deposits,
and we can see that on histology.
All these circles are deposits of fat that contribute to fatty liver disease, and sometimes
this buildup of fat in the liver is referred to as steatosis.
Treating fatty liver disease usually involves simply stopping the alcohol consumption.
K so that's fatty liver, but that's not the only thing that excessive alcohol consumption
can cause, right?
Looking back at our pathways, when you make acetaldehyde from ethanol, you also start
to generate these ominous sounding compounds called reactive oxygen species.
You can probably guess that these guys are super reactive and contain oxygen, some examples
are like hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical, or the superoxide anion.
These reactive oxygen species react with different components of the hepatocyte, like proteins
and even DNA, and this process can cause serious damage to the cells.
Besides producing reactive oxygen species, now we've also got acetaldehyde to worry
about.
This compound can bind to macromolecules, enzymes, the cell membrane, and all sorts
of other compounds inside the cell.
When they bind to some of these, they effectively inhibit that molecule.
And when that happens, they form what are called acetaldehyde adducts.
And when those are formed, your immune system recognizes these new compounds as foreign
and starts sending neutrophils in to sort of clean up the damage.
So not only do you get these adducts binding to and potentially messing with the function
of certain molecules in the cell, you also get destruction of hepatocytes by the neutrophilic
infiltration.
As cells become inflamed and damaged, patients have developed alcoholic hepatitis, and we
start to note a change on histology and notice these bundles of proteins called Mallory bodies,
specifically these are damaged intermediate filaments and are located in the cytoplasm
of hepatocytes, the mechanism that produces these bodies is still unclear, but they're
most commonly seen in alcoholic hepatitis.
At this point the patient may have hepatomegaly that's probably become painful, since the
liver's seeing more immune cells, they also may have neutrophilic leukocytosis, or an
increased neutrophils in the blood.
Also, as cells become damaged and die off, scar tissue starts to form around the central
veins in the liver, known as perivenular fibrosis.
The damage done to hepatocytes also results in leakage of liver enzymes like alanine aminotransferase
(or ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (or AST), both types of transaminase, usually
even though both are elevated, AST will be found to be greater than ALT in alcoholic
hepatitis.
In addition to these two, serum alkaline phosphatase (or ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (or
GGT) will also be elevated.
In some cases, thrombocytopenia, a deficiency of platelets in the blood as well as possible
hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can also be found in blood of someone with alcoholic
liver disease.
Treatment again involves completely stopping alcohol consumption, and in some cases corticosteroids
can help suppress the immune system.
Finally, if allowed to progress far enough, chronic alcohol-induced liver damage may lead
to cirrhosis and liver failure.
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