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First aid and prevention of sunburn
If you encounter a person with heatstroke, put them in a cool place or air-conditioned, covered with a damp cloth or cool water on them.
Sunstroke (also known as heat shock) is the most serious form of heat-related injury and is a medical emergency.
Heat shock can kill or damage the brain and other internal organs in the body.
Heat shock mainly affects people over 50 but it can also affect healthy young people.
Symptoms of sunburn.
Symptoms of heat shock are the body's central temperature is 40.5 degrees Celsius. Faintness can often be the first sign.
Other symptoms may include:
- Headache. - Dizziness and dizziness.
- Do not sweat despite the hot weather. - Skin red, hot and dry.
- Weak muscles or cramps. Nausea and vomiting.
- Heart rate / pulse, heart / pulse may be strong or weak. - Fast breathing and shallow breathing.
- Behavior changes such as confusion, disorientation, or a state of shock. | - Convulsions. | - Coma.
First aid with sunburn.
To cool down, apply ice pack to armpit, inguinal, neck to heat stroke. Photo: Examiner.
If you suspect someone is straying, call emergency number 115 immediately or bring the patient to the hospital.
While waiting for medical attention, bring the patient to an air-conditioned place or at least shade and remove unnecessary clothing.
If possible, the patient's body temperature should be measured and first aid should be given to reduce the body temperature to 38.3-38.8 ° C.
In the absence of a thermometer, conduct first aid immediately with the following cooling methods:
- Fan and wet the patient's skin with a wet towel or faucet.
- Apply the ice pack to the armpits, groin, neck and back of the patient.
Because these areas have many blood vessels near the skin, cooling them can reduce the body temperature.
- drown the patient in a shower or bath with cool water, or ice bath.
If medical assistance arrives late, you may call the emergency room in the hospital for further instructions.
A person who has recovered from heat shock may be more sensitive to heat in the following weeks.
So it's best to avoid hot weather and heavy workouts until your doctor says you're safe to go back to normal activities.
Risk factors for sunburn
Heat shock is very likely to affect elderly people living in uninhabited or unfamiliar homes.
Other high-risk groups include those who do not drink enough water, have a chronic illness or drink too much alcohol.
Heat shock is closely related to heat index.
Heat index is a measure of how hot you are when influenced by relative humidity combined with air temperature.
Over 60% air humidity obstructs the sweat, thereby hindering the body's ability to self-cool.
The risk of heat-related disorders increases dramatically when the heat index climbs above 90 degrees.
Therefore, it is important (especially during the heat wave) to pay attention to the reported heat index and also to remember that full sun exposure can increase the reported heat index to 15. dirty.
If you live in an urban area, you may be particularly susceptible to thermal shock in extended heat waves, especially if there is no wind and poor air quality.
The "heat island effect" phenomenon (asphalt and concrete sheds are heated during the day and only radiates heat at night) causing higher night temperatures.
Other risk factors associated with heat-related disorders include:
- Age: Infants, children under age 4 and adults over the age of 65 are vulnerable to heat because they adapt to heat slower than others.
- Health status: Heart, lung or kidney diseases, obesity, low birth weight, hypertension, diabetes, mental illness, sickle cell disease, alcoholism, sunburn and any condition that causes Fever ... are very vulnerable to heat.
- Drugs: Use of antihistamines, weight loss drugs, diuretics, sedatives, stimulants, anti-epileptic drugs, cardiovascular drugs and blood pressure drugs and psychiatric drugs ... Increased risk of heat damage.
Drugs are also associated with an increased risk of heat stroke.
However, people with diabetes - at high risk for emergencies, hospitalizations and deaths due to heat-related disorders, often underestimate their risk in the heat wave.
See your doctor if your health condition and medications can affect your ability to cope with high temperatures and humidity (especially during heat waves).
Working outdoors when high temperatures are prone to heat stroke. Artwork: Troupe.
How to prevent sunburn.
When outdoor temperatures are high, it is best to stay in an air-conditioned environment. If you have to go out, you can back up the heat in the following steps:
- Wear loose, lightweight and light-colored clothes, wearing a wide-brimmed hat combined with a sunscreen with a sunscreen index above 30.
- Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration, at least about 8 cups of water, juice or vegetable juice.
Because heat-related disorders may also be a consequence of salt loss, it is recommended to add electrolyte-enhanced sports drinks during hot flashes.
Implement additional preventive measures when exercising or walking outdoors, drinking about 710 ml of water before 2 hours of exercise, and weighing a glass (240 ml) of water or sports drinks just before Episodes.
While practicing, every 20 minutes, you should drink a glass of water, even if you do not feel thirsty.
- Re-arrange or cancel outdoor activities.
If possible, change your outdoor time to a cooler part of the day or in the early morning or after sunset.
Other measures to prevent heat shock include:
Monitor urine color: Darker urine is a sign of dehydration. Be sure to drink enough water to keep the color of your urine clear.
Assess the weight before and after each physical activity. Monitoring lost weight can help you determine how much extra water to replenish.
Avoid caffeine or alcoholic fluids because both can cause you to lose more fluids and aggravate heat-related disorders.
Also, do not take saline medicine without a prescription from your doctor. The easiest and safest way to add salt and other solvents in the heat is to use sports drinks and fruit juices.
See your doctor before increasing your daily drinking regimen if you have liver, kidney, heart or epilepsy (a condition that limits your intake of water), or water problems.
If your home does not have a fan or air conditioner, at the hottest part of the day, go to air-conditioned places (like supermarkets, post offices, banks, even neighborhoods ...) or places shady...
At home, curtains should be closed, door closed, or lowered ... when the heat is hot and windows open at night on either side of the house to create ventilation.
Master, Doctor Luong Quoc Chinh. | Emergency Department, Bach Mai Hospital.
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