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CHRIS: Hey, welcome to NASA EDGE,
we are here at NASA Kennedy Space Center Press Site
as we get set for the launch of the Geostationary
Observational Environmental Satellite
or the GOES-R Satellite.
I had a chance to sit down with the project manager for GOES-R,
Greg Mandt, of NOAA's satellite operation facility
in Maryland, so let's check that out.
CHRIS: So Greg, I understand that GOES-R is
a game changing satellite, how is it?
GREG: GOES-R is really a continuation, a long series of
Geo-Stationary Weather Satellites.
NOAA started flying them soon after NASA demonstrated the
technology in the 1970s, but ever since we started with
GOES-1 back in the midst of 1970s, we have flown about the
same technology now for 40 years.
This is the first time that we are from end-to-end, redoing the
entire system to introduce state of the art technology
into the GOES program. So it's a very exciting time
for those of us who loved building
satellites to introduce a lot of the technologies, but also for
the users are going to see, like you said, a game changer in
their world of new data sets, different ways of getting it,
that will really help them in their forecast process.
CHRIS: Essentially, this is a complete overhaul?
GREG: It's a complete overhaul, every aspect of
the program is being changed.
CHRIS: So Greg, I understand that this satellite is packed
with a lot of instruments and a lot of cool stuff.
GREG: Every instrument is upgraded and improved
over what we flew in the past.
Our primary instrument is what we're calling
our advanced baseline imager.
In the past we've had about five channels,
we're going to have 16 channels.
So we're tripling the number of channels, the resolution in the
visible spectrum is going to get doubled, so we're going to get a
half a kilometer resolution in the visible,
plus we're scanning at a tremendously faster rate.
So we'll be able to scan to the entire hemisphere from the North
Pole to the South Pole every five minutes.
So when you combine all three of those things, we're going to
have an amazing amount of data coming down to the forecaster so
they really understand all the weather activity that's going on
across the hemisphere and really improve
their ability to forecast it more.
CHRIS: Now, of course, the first letter in GOES is Geostationary,
what does that mean in the scientific community?
GREG: Well geostationary basically means it at an
altitude that its orbit is going around the earth
at the same rate that the earth is rotating.
Therefore, from an observer on the earth looking up, it appears
that the satellite is always over you at every point.
And that's what's really nice for the imager is when you take
loops, it is really a movie of what's
happening over you right now.
NOAA's responsibilities for forecasting really go from the
far western pacific out to Guam, all the way to the west coast of
Africa, primarily for like tropics,
watching the hurricanes form.
So we need two GOES satellites
to cover that whole area. CHRIS: Okay.
GREG: The critical part of the mission is continuity.
So I said, we've been flying this since the 1970s-- So we're
basically continuing that and we've got to continue
to populate the atmosphere as the old ones
reached the end of their life and we removed them from the
orbit, we replaced them with the new capability.
CHRIS: Okay, so as a meteorologist, as a
climatologist, what's cool about this satellite that I can't wait
to see in terms of data or imagery?
GREG: The biggest thing from a forecaster's and I'm getting it
directly from them because we've been actually feeding simulated
data to them, to get them used to the beta product, and so they
are pretty excited, in fact, they are
a very tough crowd to please.
You got to really prove it to them that it's valuable--
CHRIS: Right. GREG: But when we've been
showing this stuff, the comments we've been getting back like,
"Wow, I want this in my office yesterday,
come on, hurry, hurry."
So we have really built up a lot of excitement out there.
And a biggest thing they have said to me is, you know, in the
old GOES, it's like you are showing us pictures of what's
happened, now, you're showing me a movie of real time, but even
better in the past, I was watching old black and white
television, you are showing me HDTV, so when you do that,
example like a hurricane or a tornado, you are watching every
aspect of it, and see how this is forming and how it's changing
so that you can very quickly, say, I know what's going on, I'm
going to put this warning and tell the public, and because of
the faster scanning and the higher resolution, you can get
much more precise knowledge of what's going on and where, in
addition, we're adding a lightning mapper.
And so, for the first time, we'll be able to see not only
cloud to ground but cloud to cloud lightning.
Right now, the surface network, they show cloud to ground.
CHRIS: Okay. GREG: About 90 percent lightning
is cloud to cloud, and the researchers have shown
that if you're watching all these,
there's an incredible spike up of lightning activity as a
tornado is just getting ready to form.
CHRIS: Oh Wow. GREG: And so now, you know,
maybe 30 minutes ahead of time, they will see this
huge burst of lightning activity, and they're
going to go, oh, they're going to focus on that and be able to
say, yes, indeed, a tornado is going to start now, and so
they'll be able to extend the lead time in terms
of their tornado warnings.
And even more importantly, when you hear there's a tornado
warning in your county, what is your response?
I know mine is, I run to the door and see it--
CHRIS: That's true, that's true--
GREG: And a lot of those is because, you
know, there's a lot of well is it really, you know, there's so
much false alarms because they sort of over warn to make sure
people are prepared, well now because of this new data sets,
there is certainty that it's coming is going to double.
So that means, they're not going to pull that alarm nearly as
often, and when they do, people know, oh I got to take this
seriously and act so that improvement in the certainty
that a specific thing and where it's happening, I think will
dramatically improve the warning process, and the forecasters
love to be able to give much more precise information
for the public to be able to respond.
BLAIR: Joining us now is Greg Mandt's deputy Ed Grigsby.
Ed, thanks so much for coming on the show.
ED: Oh, it's my pleasure, I'm glad to be here.
BLAIR: So, GOES-R obviously, we're going to launch today, and
it's going to be a great success, looking forward you've
got four, three more spacecraft after GOES-R?
ED: That's right. BLAIR: And how are they going
to look in comparison to GOES-R, imagine by the time they're
done, there'll be more technology and more things
you can bring into the spacecraft.
ED: Well, we have actually built four duplicates, and four of
them, all of the instruments for all four of the spacecraft are
complete and ready to be integrated.
And in fact, Lockheed is already integrated S and is in
environmental testing, T is being integrated,
U is being integrated as we speak.
So, we're going to have four identical spacecraft, four
satellites that are going to just blow
your socks off, they will.
BLAIR: Now, will it take, having all four satellites launch and
flying to give us the real full impact of GOES or what are we
going to get immediately from GOES-R flying?
ED: Well we're going to take about six months to test, and
make sure that all the systems work, all the data is flowing
properly, and once that test phase is over with, we hand it
over to the operators, the operators started flowing data.
That is going to be immediate, when it starts flowing to the
weather service, you're going to see better forecast in the
continental and United States immediately.
BLAIR: From your perspective, where are you going forward or
you and your team obviously, you said Lockheed still already
doing the development, but in terms of GOES-S, T and U, are
the same team moving forward to assemble this?
Will you be working on it as well?
ED: Oh yeah, yeah, I'll be working and the same team for S,
T and U and a lot of the real hard work is just beginning with
this system. It is a system of systems.
It's not just a satellite. There's a huge ground system
infrastructure that was built and prepared
many years of preparing the users out there to
accept and use this data effectively.
BLAIR: Now you mentioned users, that would be
forecasters and things like that?
ED: Forecasters-well not only forecasters, but you know we
have, these are real scientific instruments.
We calibrated them to the same quality that NASA calibrates all
of it's scientific instruments and that data is going to be
available to universities and anybody that can get to it.
It's free data, it will be freely distributed, they're
going to be able to use that data for new discoveries.
So you're going to see just giant leaps over the next
10, 20 years from the GOES-R system.
BLAIR: That's awesome. It's free data folks,
so don't missed out. ED: That's right.
BLAIR: Ed, thank you so much for being on the show.
ED: Oh, my pleasure, my pleasure.
BLAIR: Earlier Franklin had an opportunity to talk to the
Vanessa Griffin, the satellite operations director at NOAA.
Talking about the benefits of GOES-R, let's check it out.
FRANKLIN: So Vanessa, you are the director of the NOAA
satellite operations facility-- VANESSA: That's right.
FRANKLIN: Tell me exactly what do you do here?
VANESSA: So I lead a very large team that is responsible for
operating all of the nations weather
an environmental satellite.
So we operate the satellites that NOAA has built and
operated, we operated satellites for the Department of Defense,
DMSP satellites, we operate the GOES satellites, the POS
satellites, all the satellites, about 16 in total right now.
And we collaborate with international partners in
helping to operate their satellites as well that collect
meteorological and environmental data.
FRANKLIN: Now, when I drove up to this building, I looked at it
and I said, this is a very interesting
looking building, it's very modern.
Tell us a little bit about the building.
VANESSA: So this building was designed in the early 2000, it
actually opened in 2006, it was very unique because for the
first time we got to take a clean sheet of paper and say,
"If we're building a facility just to operate weather
satellites and do data processing for
those satellites, how would you design it."
And so we designed it from ground up to be a
good building for doing this function.
Where we are here as our operations facility, our floors,
so all of our day-to-day 24/7 operations goes on here in this
big room and then behind this, we have our launch control room,
so we built this building so that we could launch two
satellites, we could start getting ready to launch two
satellites at the same time knowing we will be launching a
GOES-R satellite and a JPSS satellite
pretty much at the same time.
So, it takes about two years for the launch team to practice, to
go through other simulations, we have the space to do that.
So we created two launch control rooms, next door, we have the
floor downstairs, where everybody has their offices and
their desks and do their day-to-day work so that it was a
good opportunity to design a building
just for the purposes for which we need it.
FRANKLIN: So, in this operations facility, you also have
a Search and Rescue, tell me about that.
VANESSA: Okay, so we have what's called, SARSAT, which is Search
And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking.
Basically all of our weather satellites and not only ours but
our international partners as well, carry instrumentation
onboard that can detect beacons that mariners, boaters, hikers,
aircraft pilots that carry these beacons with them, and if they
get in trouble, they can turn the beacon on, it sends the
signal out so it starts radiating a signal, that signal
gets pick up by our satellites, and it sent back to here to our
mission control center here, and then we basically detect that
signal, we have a database of all those beacons that you buy,
so if you like to hike, you go down to your local REI store,
your local store and you buy a beacon for, you know, however it
cost, and you register it with us, so you register with our
database, your name, your address, your phone number, and
then if you get in trouble on a hike, if you fall down and hurt
yourself, or something happened, and you need help, you just
pushed the button, the next time a satellite comes over, we find
the signal, it takes two satellites to triangulate where
you are, we find out where you are, we're going to about 15
kilometers, and then we will then verify that the signal is
real, that the beacon is registered and who it is
registered to, then we contact the local
rescue authority whoever that is.
So if you're offshore in a boat, sailboat,
we're going to call the Coast Guard.
So if you're in an aircraft that has a beacon that the aircraft
has crashed, we'll contact the air force who is
responsible for aircraft kind of incidents.
We rescue about 300 people a year based on
our satellite data as it contributes.
So you can basically say, that rescue happened because of the
satellite system the SARSAT system.
And since the beginning of time, if you looked at the whole glow
that's been like over 40,000 rescues, around the globe
because of this international SARSET system.
FRANKLIN: So I come out here for week, the chances are that
something would happen over there were some--
VANESSA: Oh if probably you were here for an hour,
you might, we might get an alert.
We get alerts quite often.
FRANKLIN: So also, when I came in, I saw in the sign
where it said, ICE facility, what is ICE?
VANESSA: Okay, so it's a collaboration of the NAVY,
NOAA and the Coast Guard.
They use satellite data to look at the ICE over the Arctic and
Antarctic and other parts of the world.
They also do snow mapping and snow depth analysis over the
whole world, but their primary thing is ice.
So they're looking at ice in the Arctic and in the Antarctic and
they're helping mariners who are trying to get through the ice,
they're trying to take their ships, cargo ships, container
ships and get through the ice, they're helping ice breakers,
the Coast Guard ice breakers that go out and
rescue things or help people get through the ice.
They are determining where the ice is
and also where the ice isn't.
So we're basically helping them plot a course through an ice
infested water to allow them to transit without getting stuck,
so that's what we're trying to avoid. We're trying to
avoid any ship getting stuck in the ice anywhere.
FRANKLIN: Now even though this building is fairly new, you
actually had to change the infrastructure to actually
manage the satellite operations for GOES-R, tell us about that.
VANESSA: Yes, so when we designed this building back in
the early 2000's we had made assumptions about the technology
that we would need to fly the next generation satellites.
Unfortunately, the technology made a major change over that
time, so since we started building that.
So when we actually got in, and we did the design for GOES-R
we realized that the technology had changed so dramatically that
we needed a whole lot more power and a lot more cooling because
we've gone to raid architectures and servers, spinning disc that
generate tremendous amount of heat, and require lots of power.
So the power we had the building,
the cooling we had just wasn't sufficient.
Matter of fact, it was so insufficient we could not even
just like enhance it like, you know, change it or
beef it up, we had to like start over.
So we had ever carefully, over a period of years to take out all
of the generators and replace them with new
generators that are much bigger.
We had to replace all other water cooling systems, the
chillers, and basically maximize the amount of power we could
ever get into this building that the county
can ever provide to us. The utility company,
we've basically maxed out everything
we could take from them. FRANKLIN: For GOES-R?
VANESSA: Well for GOES-R and GPSS together.
FRANKLIN: Okay. VANESSA: They are two big
generations, the two big flagship satellites together.
They each have very large ground systems with lots of computers,
lots of servers, the whole third floor of this building.
As a matter of fact, the third floor had to be doubled in size.
About half of it is the time and the design was for computers the
other half was for different rooms and spaces and classrooms
and things, we basically had to make the whole thing one huge
computer floor to make sure we had a good reliability and
redundancy that we need in the power systems and to be able to
operate all these things and satellites that we're going to
start flying next year with GOES-R.
CHRIS: Hey welcome back to NASA EDGE, we've been talking a lot
about the GOES spacecraft over the course for
the past 45 minutes or so.
And now we're going to switch focus to the Atlas V Rocket and
joining us now is our good friend of the show, Mic Woltman.
Mic, how are you doing?
MIC: I'm doing very well, Chris, thank you very much.
CHRIS: Yesterday, we had a chance to go out to the pad, and
see the Atlas V up close, and this is the first time that
we've seen an Atlas V 541 launched here from Kennedy.
We've seen, I think from Vandenberg.
That's a monster rocket. MIC: It is.
The Atlas V is about 200 feet tall with a five-meter faring on
it, it looks really good, but this rocket for GOES-R has the
four solid rocket boosters which will give it that extra lift to
get into Geostationary orbits, it will be a
great sight to see this evening.
CHRIS: And for those people, we have been saying 541, you know,
at the beginning of the show, so now that 541, correct me if I'm
wrong, the 5 stands for the diameter of the faring?
MIC: That's correct, 5-meter faring, the 4 is how many solid
rocket boosters are needed and then the 1 is how many upper
stage engines were used and in this case
it's a single engine RL10.
CHRIS: Lets' go back to the whole spacecraft processing
side, Mic is our resident expert when it comes to that so we've
got some footage here of GOES-R being sent here.
MIC: Yes, we're seeing GOES-R arriving at the skid strip
there, on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station--
CHRIS: That's the C5, isn't it? MIC: That's a C5, yes.
CHRIS: Because of the size of the satellite.
MIC: Correct. It's a very large satellite.
This is, you know, as you heard earlier about satellite, it's
going to provide some great instruments and stuff for the
weather community and that will be good.
You're seeing the satellite here moved over into the payload
process facility, where they brought it up right and started
preparing the vehicle for testing.
Here, what you're looking at here is actually one of their
test covers that they put on the instrument, the ABI instrument
to test that out and make sure that everything
is working prior to closing everything up.
Here you're seeing them do a lot of cleaning of the solar ray
panels to make sure everything is crisp clean so they get power
up when they're on station there.
And then they move into the encapsulation, put those 5-meter
farings together around that big satellite, and you can see how
they bring that together with a strong back.
Next thing we see is the Centaur vehicle arriving at Cape Canal
Air Force Station from over the road that got to us here roughly
around in October and they move that over to the ASOC, the Atlas
Spaceflight Operations Center, and did some testing there
and then brought that out. Here, what you're looking at
is the first stage booster, heading
out to the VIF, where they'll begin getting it ready to lift
up into the Vertical Integration Facility.
CHRIS: Okay I was going to ask you--
MIC: Yeah, and this is what we called booster on
stand and that occurred here on October 24th,
and they get that booster all hooked up and lift
it from the front end as you can see right there, and then the
back end of the vehicle kind of slides on the trucks right into
the vertical integration facility
and they prepped that up.
The next step of putting the vehicle together is to put those
massive 62-inch solid rocket boosters on, and here you can
see how they brought each one of those in, they have to lift
those up, all the way to the top of the VIF, bring those back
down and mate each in their location on the booster.
CHRIS: And there's our live at this point, right?
MIC: Those are loaded, already to go-they just have to have the
final ordinance connection done. CHRIS: Okay.
MIC: And that was completed October 28th
to get all four of those on.
Here you see what we call the Offsite Vertical Integration.
It's actually the Centaur with its other assemblies around it,
heading out and being mated to the top of the vehicle and then
on top of that, we roll the spacecraft, encapsulated
spacecraft out and that happened on November 9th that was our
spacecraft mate day and they bring that to the base of the
vertical integration facility, they lift that up, all the way
to the top, and into the tower, and they mate that to the top of
the Centaur integration stack there to complete the buildup of
the Atlas V for the GOES-R mission.
And you can see it's a very delicate operation there, as
they bring those in, and they move that down very slowly to
get those final mates done to the assembly.
CHRIS: We can always count on Mic to get up to date
information on the rocket and also the processing and we'd
like to go to him every time we cover a launch, he's the man and
we really appreciate you coming out here, once again--
MIC: Appreciate it, like I said, this
is a great rocket this evening, GOES-R has a long history
with us in launch service program.
We actually started working with NOAA and GOES back on the GOES-L
mission in 2000, so we've done GOES L and M, and then we were
advisors on GOES N, O and P for them where we provided our
unique services to the commercial industry
with the space craft. And so GOES-R is just
the next step in weather satellites and
we're very proud to be part of that partnership.
CHRIS: And you'll be covering the next three satellites
as well. MIC: Absolutely.
GOES-S in March 2018. CHRIS: There we go.
So you heard it from the man himself, and we're going to go
back to the path, and see space launch complex 41 as we see that
huge Atlas V 541 launch vehicle as GOES-R gets ready to launch.
ANNC: T minus 10, 9, 8,
7, 6, 5, 4, 3,
2, 1-and lift off of NOAA's GOES-R,
America's most advance weather eye in the sky,
elevating environmental intelligence
to new heights and saving lives.
MARTY: ... response is good, now flying
to zero angle of attach phase of flight...
engine... throttle down as scheduled.
Response is good.
Roll program is complete-
controlling down the middle.
MIKE: Listening to the voice of Marty Malanowski.
MARTY: Mach 1.
MIKE: Standing by to pass through max Q, this is the
maximum aerodynamic pressure area, when mechanical stress on
the rocket reaches it peak because of rockets velocity and
resistance created by the atmosphere.
NASA's Atlas V- MARTY: Response is good.
MIKE: GOES-R spacecraft, continuing into flight,
BLAIR: You know, a real testament to just how
much goes into making these launches goes off.
We got to hear the pole--
CHRIS: Did you GOES in and GOES off?
BLAIR: GOES-R goes off, yeah, exactly, just to see all the
things that are necessary before launch is very fascinating,
very happy to see it go.
CHRIS: It doesn't get old, when you see an Atlas V or any type
of rocket that goes up, like I said an Atlas 541
that was pretty impressive.
So this signs of our portion of the show, and we're going to
follow GOES-R all the way until it gets checked out
and we start getting the data.
BLAIR: I was going to say until we start getting the data
that's what's really important.
CHRIS: You're watching NASA EDGE.
BLAIR: An inside and outside look, at all things NASA.
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