Youtube News: Youtube daily report w Dec 31 2017

What is: Oblivion - The Black Hole

Oblivion the black hole is a steel roller coaster, located at Gardaland, one of Italy's

largest theme parks.

The ride is the well known dive coaster model, constructed by Bolliger and Mabillard, an

amusement ride manufacturer.

Even at a glance, it's easy to recognise Oblivion's distinct feature,

its extensive near 90 degree drop.

As riders crest the hill, they peer over the edge for a brief period of time, before plummeting

into what seems like oblivion.

The ride opened to the public on the 28th of March 2015, as Italy's first dive coaster.

However, as of 2017, the ride is now one of four dive coasters located at various theme

parks in Europe, each of which offer similar ride experiences.

To ensure each attraction is unique, dive coasters are often well themed,

featuring an immersive story line.

In the case of Oblivion The Black Hole, the entire storyline surrounds the appearance

of a mysterious black hole within the Gardaland theme park.

After an extensive study of the phenomenon, it is believed that the black hole is connected

with another, at a different point in both space and time.

Essentially, a wormhole has appeared capable of transporting matter across the universe instantly.

Following many months of preparations, it is now time to allow for a select few to enter

the wormhole, and experience its mysteries.

Fortunately, all Gardaland guests have been selected for this immense challenge.

To learn more about the black hole, as well as the fundamental mission, riders enter the

interactive training centre, part of the attraction's queue line.

Within the enclosed tent-like building, guests are subject to various screens explaining

the story, as well as multiple light, sound and physical affects,

designed to test your body and senses.

As riders navigate the queue line, they gain insight into the unknown nature of the mission,

including its dangerous potential.

Once guests leave the building, they experience the final walk, a bridge connecting them to

the ride's station.

Once the bridge has been crossed, there is no going back.

Riders quickly board the trains, made up of 3 rows, each seating 6 volunteers.

The green light is then given; the floor disappears, and riders begin to ascend the lift hill.

At this point, the train climbs 42.5m (139.4ft), and navigates a sharp left hand turn.

After crawling towards the drop, riders slowly crest the descent, and come to a brief stop.

The guests peer over the edge for what seems like minutes, before plummeting close to 50m

into the black hole, and reaching speeds of up to 100kmh (62mph).

As riders are suspended over the edge, they notice the objects surrounding the abyss,

including a windmill, news van and water tank are all being sucked towards its centre.

This adds to the immersive nature of the ride, as well as its well rounded aesthetics.

Once riders enter the black hole, through the thick mist, they navigate a short dark

tunnel, enter an Immelmann loop, and proceed to fly through a radar station building.

Both the tunnel, and the building, provide fantastic head chopper moments, leading many

to lower their hands in anticipation.

The ride ends with a floater airtime hill, a tight 270 degree helix,

and a final heartline roll into the break run.

The entire layout, including its 2 inversions, measures 566m (1857ft) long.

This translates into a ride time of approximately 25 seconds, ignoring the time spent on the

lift hill and brake runs.

Overall, Oblivion the black hole has been a huge success for Gardaland,

increasing the attendance by 3.5% during opening year.

Many enjoy the huge burst of adrenaline the ride offers,

as well as its extensive story line and theming.

On top of this, it seems like other parks around Europe have also acknowledged the success

of the dive coaster.

The Efteling opened their own B&M dive coaster in 2016,

while Liseberg plans to debut their new diving machine in 2018.

With all of these rides offering arguably similar experiences, they raise the question:

Would you like to see the construction of even more well themed dive coasters in the future?

What's your opinion?

If you enjoy the videos we make, and would like to help in our quest for quality content,

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For more infomation >> What is: Oblivion The Black Hole - Gardaland - Duration: 4:47.

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Então É NATAL - Duration: 6:46.

Hey, how is everyone?

Today is Christmas Eve and we're going to the supermarket now to buy a few things.

Then we have to prepare the food and I'll show you everything. Let`s go!

But before we start don't forget to like this video, subscribe to my channel, and please share this video.

I'm getting some fruit now to make a fruit salad as a dessert with ice cream for tonight and I'll show everything I am buying.

They just announced the supermarket will close in 30 minutes so we started running here.

I'll make Pina Colada so I got pineapple juice, coconut milk and condensed milk.

Now I need to get ice and I have rum at home.

Guys, I love apple fizzy drinks, so I got one called Pureza, that it's very similar with one in Ireland.

We're in a rush after they said the supermarket will close because we arrived here late.

We're leaving now, here is the shopping behind me.

We didn't find ice in here so we have to go to another supermarket to buy it and also get another dessert.

Because even though we have the fruit salad we're also getting something else.

We arrived at home, we went to the bakery to buy a German Pie, I'll show you it.

We also bought more stuff and soon we'll start cooking the food for Christmas night.

I just finished the fruit salad so I'll put it in the fridge, then we'll start cooking the other food.

I did a simple makeup.

I tried to curl my hair and I am wearing this t-shirt with a leader skirt and slippers.

What do you think?

It's Christmas!!!! Happy Christmas everyone!!

All love, health, happiness, success and all the best.

I'm so happy to be here with my family this year, I'm having loads of fun.

I'm not homesick anymore and I wish the same thing for everyone.

Prosperity as well and everything good in this world and let's enjoy this Christmas.

I got some food and let's eat. I didn't get that much food.

I got just a little bit of food. That's rice, chicken salad and normal salad.

We just finished our secret Santa now, I didn't show you because no one likes to appear in my videos.

My mom got me and look at what she gave me, a very nice pair of shorts with a t-shirt, I'm in love.

Look at the details of this jeans, I love it.

And this T-shirt with these beautiful design.

We're going to play Charades and it'll probably be very funny.

We just finished playing and the girls won!!!

The boys are upset and now we're eating the dessert.

Guys that was my Christmas night, it is very late now.

I hope you enjoyed this Christmas day with me.

If you enjoyed please like this video, subscribe to my channel.

And I'll see you next time. Bye!

For more infomation >> Então É NATAL - Duration: 6:46.

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The Unreasonable Efficiency of Black Holes - Duration: 6:22.

E=mc^2, the most famous equation in the world, describes the fact that anything with mass

possesses a huge amount of energy, in principle – like, a 5kg cat has enough energy in its

mass to power the entire country of Norway for a year – if only the energy could somehow

be fully extracted from the cat.

But it turns out that efficiently extracting energy from mass is a very hard thing to do.

Anti-matter is, of course, the most efficient way of extracting energy from mass since,

if you collide a cat with a cat made of anti-matter, 100% of the mass of the cat and anti-cat will

be converted into energy (powering Norway for 2 years).

But the universe has almost no naturally-occurring anti-matter, so it's not a practical choice

for generating energy, since you'd first have to use a lot of energy to make a large

mass of antimatter.

Since we can't use antimatter, there are basically three options left to us: chemical reactions,

nuclear reactions, and gravitational reactions - aka stuff getting pulled together by gravity,

like matter falling into black holes.

Chemical reactions, for example, are so bad at extracting energy from mass that we don't

even think about what they're doing as converting mass to energy (even though it is).

As an illustration, reacting a balloon of hydrogen and oxygen gases creates a nice big

explosion, but the end-products of the reaction only weigh half a nanogram less than the initial

reactants , which amounts to a measly 0.00000001% efficiency of converting mass into energy.

At that rate, you'd need ten billion cats to power Norway for a year.

Nuclear reactions are a lot more efficient, but still pretty bad on an absolute scale:

splitting uranium-235 into krypton and barium converts only about 0.08% of the uranium's

mass into energy, and fusing hydrogen into helium like in the sun converts about 0.7%

of the hydrogen's mass into energy.

At that rate you'd need 150 cats to power Norway for a year.

This where black holes come in – they're about as good as it gets in our universe for

extracting energy from mass.

Which may sound weird, because, as you've probably heard, nothing can escape black holes

– once inside.

But the efficiency of black holes comes from what stuff does while falling towards them,

before passing the no-turning-back point of the event horizon.

Anything that falls in a gravitational field speeds up, gaining kinetic energy, and if

it then crashes into something it can convert that kinetic energy into heat.

That heat can then radiate away as infrared radiation, slightly decreasing the mass of

the object.

For planets and stars, this conversion of mass into energy is pretty pathetic: an object

falling to the surface of the earth releases only about one billionth of its mass as energy.

That's basically as bad as a chemical reaction!

But black holes have something special going for them: they are stupendouslysmall.

A black hole with the mass of the earth would be about 2 cm across, providing way farther

for an object to fall – and since gravity gets stronger and stronger the closer you

are to an object, objects falling into black holes get accelerated to ridiculous speeds.

Specifically, an object falling all the way to the event horizon of a black hole will

have kinetic energy equivalent to converting roughly half of its half of its E=mc2 mass

energy mass.

However, if the object continues to fall into the black hole, all of that energy will be

stuck inside the black hole.

The way to actually convert mass into energy that goes out into the universe is to have

the object slowly spiral into the black hole, crashing into other stuff, heating up, radiating

that energy away thereby losing mass and speed, slowing down more, spiraling to a yet lower

orbit, and so on, all the way down to the innermost possible orbit.

And this is exactly what accretion disks around black holes do!

So how good are they at converting mass to energy?

Well, for a non-rotating black hole, the innermost possible circular orbit is actually 3 times

farther out than the event horizon, and in order to spiral in to that point an object

has to convert around 6% of its mass into energy radiated away to the outside universe.

After that point if it loses any more energy it'll plunge down into the black hole, after

which no more energy can be extracted.

But at this 6% rate, you'd only need to throw 17 cats into a black hole to power Norway

for a year.

Compared to the 0.00000001% efficiency of chemical reactions and the 0.7% efficiency

of nuclear reactions, 6% for a non-rotating black hole may seem pretty good.

But rotating black holes are even better, because of how they bend spacetime.

They literally "drag" things orbiting them in the direction of their rotation, which

means the innermost possible orbit can be much closer to the black hole (as long as

you're rotating along with the black hole).

The details depend on how fast the black hole is rotating, but for a very quickly rotating

black hole the innermost possible orbit coincides with the event horizon!

And the event horizon itself is half as big as for a non-rotating black hole.

Combined together, this means that matter falling into rotating black holes can convert

as much as 42% of its mass into energy.

Or equivalently, you'd only need 2 and a half inspiralling cats to power Norway for

a year.

So, if you really want to convert the mass of an object into energy, don't bother with

chemical reactions, or nuclear fission, or nuclear fusion: throw it into a rapidly rotating

black hole.

If you're wondering how I calculated the efficiencies of converting mass to energy,

you can just divide the energy any reaction releases by the mass energy of the things

involved – for example, when radium radioactively decays into radon and helium it releases 6.6

MeV of energy, and the mass energy of a single neutron or proton is about 940MeV, so I'll

leave it to you to figure out how efficient alpha decay is at converting mass to energy!

Or you can learn more about nuclear fission and fusion by finishing this quiz on Brilliant.org,

which is this video's sponsor and is full of interactive quizzes and mini courses on

physics and math.

If you really want to understand physics deeply, you have to work through calculations and

solve problems yourself, and Brilliant offers an interactive online way to do just that.

You can check out their course on black holes for free using the link in the description,

and if you decide to sign up for premium access to all of their courses, you can get 20% off

by going to Brilliant.org/minutephysics.

Again, that's Brilliant.org/minutephysics which lets Brilliant know you came from here.

For more infomation >> The Unreasonable Efficiency of Black Holes - Duration: 6:22.

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What is: Oblivion The Black Hole - Gardaland - Duration: 4:47.