- Good to see you, Your Excellency ! - Good to see you ! How are you ?
You are a legend in Kazakhstan !
My mission was between 2002 and 2008, technically 6 years,
a long diplomatic mission,
during which I have dedicated a lot of time, effort and energy,
I'd say enthusiasm and many others, to the idea of finding our people,
spread across Central Asian steppes.
I wrote an article at that time, "The Kazakh steppe, a promised land".
The first massive wave was then, based on my research,
around 9000 families which left voluntarily, but somehow,
they told me themselves "They tricked us, man!".
They were tricked, they were promised land,
something they couldn't get in Bessarabia,
and they travelled for 6 months with the oxen until they got there,
and they were shocked to see that they had reached a steppe
and the promised land could not be compared with the one in Bessarabia
and many of them turned back.
This was a massive wave which encompassed the North of Kazakhstan,
the South of Russia, of Siberia.
The second large wave happened due to deportation
in '41, '49, '51, '52.
I found this in the archives I researched for approx. 4 years,
the Kazakh archives:
over 8000 Romanian prisoners in Kazakhstan's steppes.
They were probably imprisoned from the Romanian military
that was surrounded at Stalingrad.
In September 2003, I unveiled the first monument
in the memory of the Romanian prisoners who, after the Battle of Stalingrad,
ended up in Kazakh concentration camps, camp number 99 in particular, in Spassk,
approx. 30 km away from the city of Karaganda. And I take pride in this.
25 years have passed
since the conclusion of the first diplomatic relations
between two new democratic states, born from communism,
Romania and Kazakhstan,
and we're doing the third part of the documentary by putting an emphasis
on how two different democracies, that don't resemble one another,
but that are trying to form a bond.
The minister of external affairs from back then, Adrian Nastase,
visited all the 5 states in Central Asia,
concluding protocols with each of them,
concerning the establishment of diplomatic relations,
after seeing the economic potential.
Kazakhstan is one of the rich countries based on natural resources.
When I got there, amiable relations were in place,
with a country we had no trouble with, but I felt like more could be done.
In 2003, after one year of activity, on my arrival,
I inherited a commercial trade volume of $90 million
and after 6 years I left $1,700,000,000 behind.
I'm not bragging, but the ministry of external affairs
offered me a diploma for the most dynamic economic activity
of the Romanian diplomacy and the Romanian President
signed a national decree, one man on the job (just me and my wife),
tried to move mountains.
In my time, 12 companies and mixed societies of economic collaboration
got on the market, in the oil field and not only that.
What did you learn from them?
Starting with the basics, determination, they know what they want,
they're on the world map for the first time in their history, as a state.
Naturally, the need for recognition arises, and for a good reason.
With its elite, educated politicians, Kazakhstan is a role model
if we take the other 5 into consideration.
It is a role model precisely because it has huge amounts
of natural resources.
Others in the region would be the same, but they don't have the resources.
It is a country with something to say on the international stage,
a country and a people that vibrate, they are patriotic to the bone.
For 25 years, Kazakhstan has persevered in strengthening its diplomacy
on the international stage.
Many are wondering still where this negotiation knowledge comes from
in their international affairs.
- Thank you, Aigul ! - Please !
Kazakh diplomacy can be traced very far back in time.
Otherwise, how could we possibly have such a large territory ?
Believe me, there were many who longed for this land
along our history,
which is now being rewritten.
Our historians are studying the archives, the documents,
the letters between our khans
and the kings of our neighboring countries.
Some very interesting things can be discovered within these documents.
I would like to add, as a side note,
that during Soviet times, we didn't learn anything about Kazakh history.
It was considered a feudal, non-progressive history.
Back then, progress commenced with the Revolution of October.
Discussions concerning Kazakhstan's diplomacy can be extensive,
but the most important aspect is its international recognition.
Very few had heard about Kazakhstan 25 years ago.
Another accomplishment of ours was the tracing of our national borders.
11 000 km. That was a great effort
and an even greater achievement for our Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The third accomplishment was the nuclear disarmament
and the non-proliferation of atomic weapons.
The president was saying that there are people who want to diminish
the importance of this significant political step.
They say we gave up on our nuclear program
because we were lacking specialists and we had no idea what we were doing.
We had the specialists and the infrastructure.
We had the fourth largest potential in the world,
which means over 100 ballistic missiles,
120 nuclear bombs, but Kazakhstan gave up on them
because we suffered the horrors of nuclear weapons ourselves.
In 1949, in Kazakhstan, several nuclear experiments were performed
the atmosphere and then underground.
We can't say we have an ideal democracy,
just like it can't be said about any country in the world.
We don't regard our democracy as a starting point,
but as a destination,
as a target we must reach.
At the beginning of our independent times,
we needed a strong presidential figure,
because after the fall of the Soviet Union,
Kazakhstan found itself in an extremely difficult economic situation.
The external politics situation was also a difficult one.
A strong presidential figure was needed,
but now, after we have built a strong state, strong institutions,
we can move on and that's why, recently,
on the 3rd of July, the president signed a decree that takes into account
the deviation of the president from some liability
and sharing the attributions between the Parliament and the president.
In accordance with this decree, a significant amount,
around 40 attributions which belonged to the president before,
now belong to the Parliament and the government.
The government and the parliament have an increasingly important role.
For example now,
the Parliament can cast a vote of mistrust on the Government.
If in the past, presidential decrees were the common practice,
having the power of law, now this practice is changing.
Thus, our democracy is empowered in Kazakhstan.
We headed towards this at our own pace,
considering the experience of other countries and also our needs.
I don't think a generally valid democratic model exists,
that's why you must consider everything, the political context,
both internal and external, the economic development of the country,
which defines our country's leadership.
The changes to the Kazakh Constitution are made very carefully
because, from their recent history,
the Kazakhs have learned about the pragmatism of small steps.
- Hello, Mr. Abayev ! - Good day, Dana !
Now we are back on our feet,
a lot more stable, we learned many things.
We adopted this idea in the beginning of the '90s.
You can't say we weren't interested in politics at all
and that we only dealt with economic aspects.
Since the first day of our independence, we were concerned with politics
and political aspects.
But the economic side of things was always in focus.
I shall give an example...
There was a time of political crisis,
the Parliament was dissolved and the president took over
a part of the legislative initiatives as well and, from what I recall,
over 40 legislative decrees were signed by the president.
These were the decrees that made foreign investments possible,
they created the possibility of an economic reform.
This was the aspect in focus...
We respect this principle still,
and this points towards progress.
Of course. I know about Romania and I know your capital, Bucharest very well.
Romania is such a colorful country...
We have a somewhat common past,
although Romania wasn't a Soviet Republic,
but we have the common socialist roots.
That's why I believe our future will unfold with cooperation.
Our companies are present in Romania.
I believe we have common interests in that sense that both you and us
wish to make a better living, in peace and understanding.
From this point of view, we have a lot in common
and our future will be a bright one.
Today was a very good day for Romania, at the exposition
and your artist
brightened up the mood.
We have a Romanian diaspora in Kazakhstan that can be
a bridge between our countries, our relationship.
This is why I wish Romania all the best,
same as Kazakhstan.
Unfortunately, it is a visit the occurs after 9 years of absence
of any external minister in Kazakhstan,
a country that wants to build a future for itself,
and that pretty much succeded in doing so and that,
over 25 years of independence
after establishing political relations between Romania and Kazakhstan,
managed to build a modern capital, Astana, which is impressive.
It is a non-permanent member of the Security Council,
it has a mandate in the Security Council
and it is the host of one of the largest exhibitions ever organised
on the topic of energy and future and from this point of view I have to admit
that palpable things have been achieved in Kazakhstan
and, from the discussions I've had,
I understood that they have some very interesting projects for the future.
The message I got from the authorities here, from the prime-minister,
the Vice-President of the Parliament,
the minister of external affairs, is that, for these projects,
they wish to collaborate with Romania in order to develop our relations
and in the economic field which is more focused on energy
and expanding this cooperation towards fields like agriculture,
scientific research, information technology, innovation,
tourism and other fields.
And from our point of view, of course there is an interest,
it is Romania's largest economic partner in Central Asia
and we constitute a point of entry inside the European Union
for Kazakhstan, I believe this is one of the elements of interest.
So from this point of view,
I must tell you that we have faced openness towards projects
which, in the future, will lead to a new launch of the collaboration
between Romania and Kazakhstan.
Moreover, on the topic of international matters,
we have had a discussion with minister Abdrakhmanov
on topics of bilateral relations, but also on general political themes.
We have a common vision and I believe we can support each other.
We have concluded an agreement of understanding,
of support from Kazakhstan for Romania's election in 2019
in the UN Security Council,
which was re-confirmed to me and with the occasion of my visit here
and, in the end, a great interest is at stake for Kazakhstan,
for the Presidency of the European Union Council
which will be ensured by Romania in 2019,
a time during which Kazakhstan has proposed
that one of the themes we could consider
should refer to developing collaboration and the partnership
between the EU and Central Asia as one of the possible themes
for the European Council Presidency Romania holds.
Additionally, why not tell the truth,
we appreciate the way in which the Romanian community in Kazakhstan
is supported by the local authorities and by central authorities.
I visited Karaganda and on this occasion,
I visited the state university in Karaganda
where the first lectorate of Romanian language,
literature and culture was established in Asia.
It is the only institution of this kind which functions of the basis
of some understandings between the two Ministries of External Affairs.
Diplomatic relations between Romania and Kazakhstan
have reached a new strategic level in 2007,
when the purchase of Rompetrol took place.
Kazakhs got closer to Europe and we received an influx of capital.
After 10 years, the company faces some challenges.
Looking past statistics, the international exposition from Astana
has issued new challenges for all participating countries.
The future of regenerating energy, new green energy sources,
alternatives for the current ways of producing energy,
all these have worn the mark of Kazakh curiosity and tenacity.
1993, president Nursultan Nazarbayev
launches the Bolashak university scholarship, which means "future".
This is how the democratic values were taught,
from the source, from western countries.
Over 10 000 people graduated from highly classed universities all over the world
and then they returned home.
They got public administatrion jobs immediately
or jobs in private companies
and they had to be patient towards the establishment of democracy.
Almaty is the best proof.
Altynai Mukanova studied in the UK, at Exeter.
She came back home and worked in many cities before she got to Almaty.
Now she's a junior director of the newly established Kazakh Invest.
When we met her, she was working with 2 students from MIT,
who were there on an internship in the city.
Proper democracy opens the gate towards large investors.
Kazakhs know how to negotiate with the strong ones,
and Kazakh Invest is, you may say, a diplomatic instruments,
created with the purpose of accelerating
economic and financial projects implementation.
The city of Almaty produces 20% of the country's GDP,
aka $45 billion.
Hello !
Afuan is the son of a diplomat.
He came to Romania in 2014, together with his family.
With a passion for football, he enrolled at a school in Bucharest.
He didn't skip a single day.
Marius Sandu has been his coach for a year.
His best friend is Romanian.
- Afuan, how old are you? - I'm 10.
10 years old ? How long have you been playing football in Romania for ?
- Since I was 9. - For one year.
He's a good kid, he's one of those kids who evolved constantly,
since they joined the club.
He is constantly evolving,
he's been through all the phases so to say, initiation,
intermediate and now he's in the advanced group,
where we can say he is constantly evolving.
He comes to all the practices, which is most important to us,
he doesn't skip classes, he's very much involved in sports activities
and I can only say he's on the right path.
Afuan, do you know any footballers in Romania ?
- Alibec. - He knows Alibec.
Do you like Alibec ? Not really. But have you heard of Hagi ?
- Yes. - And ? What do you think about Hagi ?
Through our academy, we are official partners of the "Gheorghe Hagi" Academy,
a football academy, we try to promote young people like Afuan,
so maybe in a year and a half, or two,
they can take a step further towards this club.
Afuan, do you want to stay in Romania and play football ?
Yes.
Why Romania ? Why not go back to your country ?
Our clubs aren't very good..
- Not very good? Are they better here? - Yes.
He blended in very well,
I think that the fact that he got close to the children
and created tight bonds helped a lot with these deep connections.
- Who's your best friend ? - Jordan.
Is he Romanian?
He's Romanian, his mother is Romanian, his father Israeli.
And you're very good friends, right ?
Did you learn Romanian from your coach, your football colleagues ?
And from school.
What's his role on the team?
Central midfielder and sometimes attacker.
Have you scored a lot ?
He's more in the creative zone, of passes, finding a path, around there.
He's more altruistic than the others.
Yes, he's one of the altruistic kids on the team, which is very good,
it means a lot when looking into perspective.
I can tell you that in the past years I really noticed this aspect,
there are more and more children of different nationalities,
who come and get integrated very easily right at our club.
Diplomacy is not based only on social sciences.
A friendship created at a young age
can mean as much as a win at the negotiation table.
Kazakhs know this very well. In record time,
they helped build a Kazakh kindergarden in Bucharest.
Here, children speak Russian, English, French, Kazakh, Romanian....
Welcome to our kingdom !
The kindergarten started functioning in 2015.
- How many children do you have ? - Right now, we have 20 children.
The parents are of various origins,
like a Kazakh mother and an Austrian father, Kazakh father, French mother...
So, Kazakh, German, French, English...
Yes, we speak mostly in English, as the parents request English, Kazakh,
Russian, French.
The staff of the kindergarten speaks all these languages.
My name is Patricia Lazar, I am Andrei's mother.
Why did you bring Andrei here ?
My child is very happy, although the kids aren't from Romania,
they're from many different countries
and this makes me feel more confident about his future.
For us, what happens in kindergarten is always a surprise,
but the fact that he smiles, and we come here happily
and leave happily every day, this confirms everything I've said earlier.
Muslim was going to kindergarten very happily
and was crying whenever he had to leave.
When the child is happy, that's when the mother is even happier.
Friendship...For Kazakhs, friendship is a necessity,
an inner trait.
It is certainly connected with the fact that Kazakh tribes
lived in steppe
and had to be friendly with one another,
they required solidarity and mutual help.
That's why, friendship, for Kazakhs, isn't a meaningless word,
just a smile and kindness,
friendship is solidarity, supporting each other, help,
a token of trust
and mutual aid.
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