In this opportunity we will make a small Introduction to the LPWAN networks based on LoRa and we will characterize the Module RFM95
Let's look for images about LoRa to get the idea ...
But .. What is LoRa ??
LoRa is a long-range radio technology in English "Lo ng- Ra nge" developed by SEMTECH its main features are ...
1. Its spread spectrum modulation allows a significantly greater range than other Max 15-20Km technologies.
2. High sensitivity (-168dB) combined with high immunity to interference.
3. Low Consumption (up to 10 years with a battery, good depends on certain characteristics).
4. Low data transfer (up to 255 bytes).
Let's first clarify that "LoRa" and "LoRaWAN" are not the same:
LoRa is the physical layer or in simple words is the modulation, the modem or radio, the hardware.
LoRaWAN is the protocol of the network or the architecture, securities and connections that work on LoRa.
lora-alliance.org is an open organization initiated by industrial leaders to standardize LPWAN networks
The idea is to position LoRaWAN in Industrial, IoT and M2M applications.
There are videos and complete documentation about LoRa and especially LoRaWAN
Let's look at some possible architectures ..
There are LoRa devices or Nodes, possibly Sensors and / or Actuators
Since it is for IoT applications, there are "Gateway" that receive information from the nodes.
The "Gateway" technically converts LoRa to Ethernet protocol and is already WLAN / LAN / 3G / 4G ... LoRaWAN already has a lot implemented
Let's look at the "LoRa" Hardware available ..
You can buy only the Radio ..
There are LoRa Modules of all price and quality which is reflected in the Final application ..
There are "shields" and integrations with platforms and microcontrollers "Pic, Arduino, ESP8266, Raspberry pi and ESP32"
In case of implementing a network LoRa some recommendations and considerations ..
LoRa works on an open spectrum is free to license specifically the ISM bands "Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands"
they are for radiofrequency that are not telecommunications, such as example cellular telephony, police radio etc.
There is an international regulation, but you should also know the regulations for your country regarding LoRa.
To avoid conflicts and generate an order to each country, zone, region or continent has been assigned a frequency
in my case I am in South America the frequency assigned is 915.0 MHz, in my websites this is the most detailed documentation.
Comparison between LoRa and Other Inhalambricas Technologies
LoRa is long-range, low battery consumption, portable and a low-cost technology.
A few months ago I received 2 LoRa RFM95 modules from HopeRF Electronics
Be careful not to be charged with static energy, they could damage the modules.
Communication by Bus SPI to 3.3v
Important to buy the modules according to the frequencies assigned to your country.
in my case 915.0 MHz, it is demarcated in the module PCB
Comparing in size with an ESP8266, the RFM modules are small ..
As mentioned above, correctly select the module with the correct frequency assigned to your country
these modules are very popular there are shield for Arduino and they are cheap .. well maybe they should not the maximum distance but they are good ..
It has 6 GPIO, which the module uses as outputs or inputs for events and / or LoRa interruptions.
Technically these modems are sent parameters or configurations by SPI.
"PinOUT"
Important! works at 3.3v, for arduinos at 5v use converters at 3.3v
For a long time I wanted to perform tests with LoRa, it is perfect for sending sensor data
Well I hope that this little introduction, I started it in LoRa ..
In the next Tutorials we will make ESP8266 connections and later we will connect with the platform "The Things Network" implementing "LoRAWAN" ....
Another advantage of LoRa, the modules do not require to pair, associate or scan them. Technically they are in the same frequency and / or encryption key, send and receive.
Complete documentation in the description of the video .. greetings
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