Our Lord, Almighty, said at Surah Al- Ma'idah.. 5:3
".. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of your religion.. "
".. so fear them not, but fear Me."
" This day I have perfected for you your religion.. "
".. and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion."
What is the meaning of; ".. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of your religion.. "
At the beginning, Quraish claimed that...
they have the power.. to prevent the religion of Islam to supervene..
and that they are capable of stopping Muhammad, SAW..
and the believers who were with him.. from the faith they have believed in.
And for that, they prepared armies and formed allies..
through many long years..
so that, at Uhud, Abu Sufyan said;
'Be up above all Hubbal [an Idol],
we have Uzza [an Idol] and you do not have Uzza [dignity].'
And when Hercules [a Roman emperor] asked him about the situation..
he said; the fighting results between us and him.. are even.
and, Quraish continued running with its men and their horses..
with its arrogance..
trying to stop the propagation of Islam..
But, after taking control of Makkah..
Quraish became certain.. that..
their target..
of preventing spreading of Deen..
has became completely impossible!
So, they have despaired..
of stopping Islam.. not to supervene..
Is this clear?
This is the meaning of the verse..
".. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion.. "
i.e. they've lost hope..
to prevent the prevalence of your religion.
Because, the event.. when the prophet, SAW, had entered Makkah..
was a great event..
At the beginning, he, SAW, had left Makkah.. after they planned a secret plot against him.
Then, after 8 years.. from the day he had left..
he, SAW, returned to entered Makkah, after Al-Khuza'i said to him:
'O Lord, I'm coming to Muhammad asking him..
about the solid treaty that was between him and our father.'..
and he continued describing what Bakr tribe did to Khuza'ah..
with the support of Quraish.
So, he, SAW, entered Makkah..
at the famous year of Al-Fath [ conquering]..
and that was at the month of Ramadan..
at the 8th year of Hijjrah.
And the scholars agree that this verse was revealed at the Day of Arafat..
because Allah said in it:
".. This day I have perfected for you your religion.. "
".. and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.. "
Whatever was the meaning of the word; this Day..
whether it means today.. at the present..
or it means a specific day.. the day of opening Makkah..
the point is..
That, which was inside the hearts of the disbelievers of Quraish..
the persistence of hope..
of preventing the propagation of this religion
of bringing Arabs back, worshiping Idols..
This hope became.. in their minds.. in their hearts..
an illusion..
and they must stop trying it.. as they can't do it..
This the meaning of the verse..
".. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion.. "
Then He, the most truthful, said:
".. so fear them not.. "
".. but fear Me.. "
the sentence; Fear them not.. is a negation.
but fear Me; Is an affirmative statement.
And these two forms of sentences are used in an expression known as; Al-Hasr [confining]
And these two forms of sentences are used together.. in an expression known as; Al-Hasr [limitation]
A person might say..
another form of Al-Hasr [affirmation]..
as a general expression..
is by bringing forward that is to come later.. as the [Object] before the verb. [In Arabic the verb comes first].
and we have like that, also in Qur'an..
For example.. in this verse.. it can be as;
[Iyaya fear].. from Me, have fear..
[Iyaya= Me] is a pronoun that is put first..
This formulation is for Al-Hasr.
But, in our verse..
the method of Al-Hasr is different..
and it is by bringing two sentences, one that is in affirmation form and the second is in negation form..
fear them not; is the negative sentence..
and.. fear Me; is the affirmed sentence.
This last method..
is well known to Arabs.. in their speech.
they use it when they wanted to put limits[Hasr].
As-Samaw'al Bin Adia'a..
he was an Arab Jew..
he used to live at Tayma'a..
and he had a fortress called; Al-Ablac
It was a famous fortress among Arabs.. and they've mentioned it in poetry..
Az-Zaba'a said; 'A giant has rebelled and Al-Ablac was undefeatable.'.
So, Imru Al-Qais came to him..
[and he was a known poet.]
he came, after his father was killed..
[in a trial to ask others for help]..
So, he gathered his weapons and armory..
and he stored them with As-Samaw'al..
he asked him to keep it with him till he is back.. then he left..
to the Roman countries..
Then, another enemy of Imru Al-Qais came to As-Samaw'al..
he wanted to take the armory of Imru Al-Qais from As-Samaw'al..
But, As-Samaw'al refused to give him.. and he closed the doors of the fortress.. Al-Abac..
and they continued for sometime..
then.. waiting was useless..
So, as he was about to leave.. a son of As-Samaw'al came to the fortress, back from hunting..
but, the enemy captured him as a hostage..
and he threatened As-Samaw'al .. that he would kill him.. the son..
if he refused to give them the armory of Imru Al-Qais..
So, As-Samaw'al had chosen slaying of his son..
to keep his promise.. his dignity.. trustfulness.
So, they slaughtered his son, and he was seeing him killed.. from far.. and they left..
Then, As-Samaw'al said some poetry at that event..
He said: 'On the sharp edges of swords our souls [he means our blood] drops..
and, they do not drop by any other than swords.'
'On the sharp edges of swords our souls [our blood] drops..
and, they do not drop by any other than swords.'
That was an example of how Arabs speak..
And that was before the revelation of Qur'an..
That was a example of [Al-Hasr]..
and it is a way of limiting options..
He means that, they are people who die only with swords..
they die only in battles..
And, to emphasize the point, he said it with affirmation and with negation forms.
saying 'On the sharp edges of swords our souls [our blood] drops.. [This is the affirmed sentence.]
And, saying; and, they do not drop by any other than swords.' [ This is the negative form].
And Allah said about Al-Qur'an: "Indeed, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an.. " 12:2
This means that the letters are Arabic letters..
and the style is Arabic.
However..
because it is the speech of the Lord of Dignity..
they couldn't bring a speech like it!!
not even one verse.
And with this style..
Allah, Almighty, has challenged them.. though they know it.
and here, He brought the negative and the affirmed forms.
Out Lord, Almighty, said: ".. so fear them not, but fear Me.. "
Why not to fear them?
because, now they are weak.. debilitated..
they have no way.. no power to attack you.
and now you have opened Makkah..
So, whom people should fear?
all fear should be of Allah.
So.. O believers..
O righteous people..
O Muslims..
O followers of Muhammad, SAW..
have fear of the conqueror of these people..
Who has given you victory.. Who is He?
He is Allah.
".. so fear them not, but fear Me.. "
".. This day I have perfected for you your religion.. "
".. and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.."
That was about a verse, where our Lord, Almighty, has mentioned; Despair.
Other verses about, Despair..
Allah, Almighty, said at Surah Al-Ankabut:
"And the ones who disbelieve in the signs of Allah and the meeting with Him.. "
".. those have despaired of My mercy.. "
".. and they will have a painful punishment." 29:23
Those who disbelieved in the signs of Allah..
What are the signs of Allah?
It is Al-Qur'an.. they've rejected it!
And the meeting with him..
means; they've denied the Resurrection!
So, the disbelieve in the signs of Allah means that they've rejected Al-Qur'an..
And the disbelieve in meeting with Allah, means that they've denied.. Resurrection.
And these two features..
were obvious features of the disbelievers from Quraish.
And they have the same effect.. upon any person who acquires them!
What is that effect?
The most Truthful said:
".. those have despaired of My mercy.. "
But, it is well known that..
it is not time to enter Jannah, yet.
yet, the verb in the verse is..
in the past!
Ya'esa [despaired]
[The letter, Ya, at the beginning of the word is a basic part of the word, it is not of the present tense.]
[Ya'Y'as] is the present form of the verb.
So, the verb was in the past.. to confirm that it will happen.
And you should know..
If it was the will of Allah that a person is to be doomed.. definitely he is doomed.
and, the Mercy of our Lord encompasses all things..
Allah says, and it is the truth:
"Then is one who was a believer like one who was defiantly disobedient[Fasiqan]?'
".. They are not equal." 32:18
Who was a believer; means..
all individuals who didn't commit that which is contradicting the belief[Iman]..
And the meaning of; who was [Fasiqan].. is..
all disbelievers..
so, the word [Fasiq] means here; the disbelief.
whether he was an Idol worshipper or from the people of the scriptures..
or a pagan.. or similar to that..
he never believed.. in Iman..
he is meant by the verse; who was [Fasiqa].
And, Jannah, may Allah admits us and you in it..
is the end station of all people of Iman.
So.. those have despaired of My mercy..
means that they have despaired of entering Jannah.
because, Allah is giving them mercy at Dunya.. He is providing for them.
But, despaired of My mercy, means..
it is a confirmation that..
Allah has forbidden Jannah.. for those who have disbelieved in Him.
Knowing that..
Allah has forbidden Jannah.. for those who have disbelieved in Him..
consequently, we should know that..
the greatest grace is that of ..
having Islam!
being in Islam is the greatest bounty.
And if Allah willed to grant a servant goodness, He would make him dies while in Islam
A common Dua'a of our prophet;
'Allahumma, You make hearts changeable..
keep my heart steadfast upon Your Deen.'
and, he, SAW, told us..
one of the features of the end of time..
that, man is Muslim at night..
then, he becomes a disbeliever in morning..
or, he is a disbeliever in morning, then he becomes Muslim at night.
And, what we are seeing today..
everywhere..
things that are broadcasted in the internet..
things that invite doubts..
or things that arouse desires..
In fact, all these issues are true distractions..
but, when Allah, Almighty, loves a servant..
He would make him dies as Muslim..
and all good things that, you were prevented of having them..
you will have compensation.. for them..
except.. I seek refuge with Allah..
when you were deprived of having your Deen..
when your Deen is taken from you.
And when..
Allah loved you..
He, your Lord, would grant you an ending..
to die as Muslim.
And to die as Muslim..
You need to feel..
from inside of your heart..
happy.. that you are worshiping Allah..
Some individuals..
who do things that are allowed.. things that are not completely disapproved..
like attending games.. matches..
or some celebrations.. where people gather..
he might feel..
excited that he was there..
we are not talking now about certain occasions..
we want to focus on this excitement..
How would you know that you are in Islam?
when you rejoice as you obey Allah..
Don't..
Don't do Ibadah..
just to finish doing it..
but do the obedience..
to bring you closer to Allah.. for His sake.
Allah..
He is not harmed that you disobey Him..
But, you'll be doomed if you would disobey Him.
And..
death in Islam..
whatever was the situation of the servant..
definitely..
is better than death in disbelief.
Some righteous people said in Dua'a;
'Allahumma, Indeed I love you, though, I disobey You.'
The honored sahabi, Umar Ibn Al-A'as.. when he was dying, he said:
'Allahumma, I'm not innocent, so I can apologize..
nor powerful, so I can help myself out..
but, no ability.. nor power.. except with You.'
If..
Allah has destined for you..
that..
you would pray Fajr Salat.. with a group..
so, while you are coming out of Masjid.. feel..
the happiness..
because, it is with a mercy from Allah..
that He had awakened you.. from sleeping..
with a mercy from Allah.. you were awakened up.. by Allah..
and He made you stand in front of His Hands..
and He brought you to His place.
These are the people..
to be envied.
And these people are whom Allah wants to grant them goodness..
by making them steadfast on that.. and they would die in Deen.
There is no happiness..
that would cheer the servant..
greater than rejoicing upon having Islam.
And for sure.. in your honorable knowledge.. you know that..
the servant is grateful that Allah has made him among Muslims..
We are..
and this is a mercy from Allah, upon us..
we were born Muslims..
So, Allah has granted us Islam..
without requesting for it..
may Allah grant us Jannah.. and we are requesting Him for that.
The third verse..
Allah, Almighty, said:
"O you who have believed, do not make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry.. "
".. They have despaired of the Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of the inhabitants of the graves." 60:13
This verse, is the last verse at Surah Al-Mumtahanah..
and at the beginning of the Surah, Allah, Almighty, said:
"O you who have believed, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies.. "
So, Allah is forbidding that.. the believers..
would consider disbelievers as allies..
because there is a big difference between both of them.
So, basically, there should be no alliance..
between the believers and the disbelievers..
It is possible that we have a kind of habitation with them..
But, alliance..
it is totally unacceptable..
between the believers and the disbelievers [of any kind].
whether they were people of the scriptures..
or others..
our Lord said:
"O you who have believed.. " this way of calling them.. is a way to honor them..
".. do not make allies of a people.. "
".. with whom Allah has become angry.. "
a people.. i.e. any people [indefinite noun] ..
Allah has become angry with them.. [Grammatically; this is a sentence that is a verbal sentence.. with a verb..]
And the rule in Arabic grammar states that;
'Sentence that is after a defined noun [with definite article].. it indicates a situation.' [Haal; accusative case]
'And sentence that is after an indefinite noun [with indefinite article].. it represents an adjective.' [Sifat]
sentences after defined nouns.. are descriptive of a situation[Haal]..
and after indefinite nouns, they are adjectives..[Sifat]
Here, the saying of our Lord..
[Allah has become angry of them]..
is descriptive to them..[an adjective of; a people.]
The scholars had different opinion about.. who are these people?
those who considered the direct meaning of the words of Qur'an..
they said; They were the Jews.
because, it is well known in Qur'an that the Jews are those who have evoked the anger of Allah.
So, the verse would mean; Do not make allies of the Jews.
do not make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry.. i.e. with the Jews.
".. They have despaired of the Hereafter.. "
We know that the Jews believe in the Hereafter..
they are not like the disbelievers from Quraish..
So, the verse means..
They have despaired of [reward in] the Hereafter..
'..They have despaired of [reward in] the Hereafter just as.." i.e. like..
".. just as the disbelievers have despaired of.. "
who are the disbelievers here..
they are the disbelievers from Quraish..
So, the meaning would be..
the despair of the Jews of having the reward in Hereafter.. is like..
What?!
".. just as the disbelievers have despaired.."
i.e. the disbelievers from Quraish..
".. just as the disbelievers have despaired of the inhabitants of the graves."
The the disbelievers of Quraish.. they do not believe..
that people in graves would be resurrected.
they would be brought to life after death..
So, they totally deny that they would meet again, those who had died.
i.e. the disbeliever.. from Quraish..
if someone he knows, dies..
he loses hope.. completely..
he will have despair of..
[and this is the belief that they have.]
he will never meet with this person, at all.
Because, they do not believe in coming to life after death.. nor in Resurrection..
Is this clear now?
".. just as the disbelievers have despaired of [meeting] the inhabitants of the graves."
So, the disbelievers do not believe that dead people will be resurrected, to meet with them again.
This is the meaning of the verse, that is adopted by most scholars..
and other scholars have different opinion..
Some of them say..
"O you who have believed, do not make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry.. "
i.e. the disbelievers from Makkah..
and the Jews have nothing to do with this verse..
they said; because this verse is related to the verse at the beginning of the Surah..
and that verse is about the disbelievers from Quraish..
"O you who have believed, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies.. " 60:1
and our verse, is confirmatory to this verse at the beginning of the Surah..
".. do not make allies of a people with whom Allah has become angry.. "
".. They have despaired of the Hereafter.. "
i.e. they do not believe in Hereafter nor in Resurrection..
".. just as the disbelievers have despaired.. [Min] the inhabitants of the graves."
they said; the meaning is..
as the disbelievers.. from their ancestors..they also had despaired..
i.e. their ancestors died having despair of..
resurrection.
i.e.the inhabitants of the graves.. represents.. some of them [Min= from]
some of the disbelievers..
who are the inhabitants of the graves.
But, the first explanation is the best.. the most accepted..
And Allah knows best..
So, in general, the verse discussed making of the disbelievers as allies..
and making of people of the scriptures as allies..
And Allah knows best..
and may Salat be upon Muhammad and his family..
and praise to Allah, Lord of the worlds.
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