The exhibition Fortuny (1838-1874), organised by the Museo del Prado, features 169 masterpieces
around the catalan painter born in Reus
which have been loaned by the world's most important museums.
The British Museum, the Musée d'Orsay
the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg, the National Gallery in Washington,
the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
and also a major loan from the Museo Nacional d'Arte de Catalunya
and particularly from the Museo Fortuny in Venice.
The different galleries and sections offer a complete account
of all Fortuny's different facets
facets and in this sense the exhibition's approach is a comprehensive one.
Fortuny's collecting activities are particularly important,
not just because he included some of the objects he acquired in his paintings
but also because the reflections, colour and textures of his objects
influenced the way he achieved these qualities
in his own painting.
Furthermore, the exhibition focuses not only on the oils but also on the watercolours,
a field that Fortuny completely revolutionised.
This practice, which previously belonged in an academic context
and which was used in the Romantic era as a preparatory aide
for depicting landscapes and monuments,
became independent with Fortuny,
who also made use of techniques that aroused the envy of his friends and fellow artists.
Another focus are pen drawings and pencil drawings,
which Fortuny produced in large numbers throughout his career.
There is also etching, in which he was a great innovator and which offered him
a unique and very immediate expressive medium to transmit his artistic personality.
All these aspects of his output are presented chronologically from the first gallery,
where his Roman training can be seen in the works he sent back to Spain as a grant student,
and the very precisely and finely drawn academic life studies.
A second gallery devoted to North Africa is extremely important
as it reveals one of Fortuny's most unique traits.
On his first trip to Africa in 1860 he discovered the wide-open spaces, geometrical forms,
dazzling colour and clear light typical of the North African landscape,
which would be essential throughout his career from that point onwards.
Other spaces in the exhibition, such as the one on the ceiling commissioned by the Duke of Riánsares,
are particularly notable given that this is the first time the work has been displayed as a ceiling painting
in its original format and not on a vertical wall, allowing it to be fully understood.
There is also a section on copies, particularly those made in the Prado
but also in Rome, of works by great masters of the past,
which reveal not only a remarkable ability to assimilate
the style of the artist in question, be they El Greco, Ribera, Velázquez,
the Venetians, the Flemish or Goya, but also a fascination
for the technical procedures that he subsequently employed in his own paintings,
as in Old Man in the Sun in Granada,
which derives from Ribera's Saint Andrew that he had painted
four years earlier in the Prado.
This section is followed by one on the international success achieved with the genres paintings
set in the 18th century in which his technical skills and virtuosity
allowed him to achieve effects beyond the powers of his contemporaries.
At the same time he continued to paint Arab motifs
and was absolutely fascinated by them when he lived in Granada between 1870 and 1872
where he worked directly in the palaces of the Alhambra,
recreating the imagery of an earlier period
in a remarkably evocative manner.
After that he returned to Rome where he continued with genre subjects and Arabic ones
but also pursued other directions.
Above all the time spent in Portici in the last years of his life
was where he became aware of the coloured nature of shadows and of local colour.
This new approach to nature, which was very free
and enabled him to reproduce the light and colour
of the original landscape, is enormously important in European painting of the time
as it established a different direction to that of the Impressionists and one that is equally important
but which sadly Fortuny did not have time to pursue as he died
shortly after returning to Rome.
Also very important in these final years is the influence of Japanese art,
which he assimilated with remarkable elegance,
as evident in some of the examples in the exhibition,
which is complemented by a catalogue that in addition to the works on display,
many of them for the first time,
includes seventy previously unknown and informative images
which help to complete a new vision, a different vision,
and represent a contribution to our knowledge of this great Spanish artist.
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