On the very day of Albert Einstein's birth one of the greatest geniuses of physics dies
Stephen Hawking a genius of theoretical physics, who did various jobs as...
theorems of singularities, approach without frontiers, black holes, Hawking radiation
Time travel, theory of everything at all.
even though he had a disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, he was able to write more than ten books
among them classics as a brief history of time that was a best seller
was sold 10 million copies, the universe in a walnut shell
the black holes, the big project etc
made a film in his honor to the theory of everything that was released in 2014
he has participated in several programs like The Big Bang Theory series and the Simpsons between several lectures and interviews
he is a figure who inspires us all, he shows us that just willpower
and there are no limits to human capacity
while there is life there is hope, and this is what we will see mo video today who was stephen hawking?
Introduction
'' Helping to disseminate science in Brazil ''
Hello cosmologists all right? Here it is the Vini of the Singularity channel
And this is a video dedicated to Stephen Hawking a little tribute
unfortunately this video comes out a bit late, left a week after his death
because really I wanted to make a good script a well differentiated video
so sorry if the video was 20 minutes
whoever sees him until the end will realize that I'm not really messing around
Stephen Hawking really did many things
this video will be more focused on their scientific work and their scientific dissemination
then the more academic and biographical part will be somewhat suppressed from the script
I wanted first to thank João Carlos for writing the basis of this script
I just added some things
So this is it bora pro video
Stephen Hawking as well as physicist was a public figure and probably one of the best known scientists of his time
he was born on January 8, 1942
curiously precisely 300 years after the death of Galileo
Stephen Hawking was born in England and had two younger sisters and a foster brother
Stephen was not always gifted with great intelligence
he was considered a median and was only effectively learning to read and write
with eight years of age really a very late age
but his family was considered eccentric and intelligent most were doctors
some left a good plate of food to read a book
Stephen has always been an imaginative child, on one of his school holidays he has entirely created a game
with fiefdoms, a very complex game
he liked trains like Sheldon.
he liked to understand how things worked and that's probably what motivated him to have a career as a physicist
as I said we will not give details about your academic life
because this is not the focus of the video. but it is important to remember that he studied in Oxford and Cambridge
which are very prestigious universities
Cambridge was the scene of great scientists such as Isaac Newton and Alan Turing
Newton created the laws of gravity and motion
And Alan Turing basically created computing
Stephen's father wanted him to be a doctor.
But he wanted to be a mathematician, but the math books did not go much around in that region
so he started to get interested in physics
initially he did not like physics he said that things were very obvious
the results were very simple
important information about your academic life
It is Oxford who was quite famous for coordinating a university branch group
He was not very good at it either.
he was feeling very alone at the university so he started taking this course
furthermore Hawking began to become popular in school
because he participated in groups of classical music and science fiction
When he was 21 and had already finished his course
finished his masters degree and was starting to do his doctorate
who would be a doctorate in cosmology but he realized something
he was very clumsy his motor coordination was no longer the same
because of this he requested medical examinations, after several examinations
it was concluded that he had a very atypical disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
or motor neuron disease, is a degenerative disease that, as time passes, paralyzes the muscles
he was 21 years old and the doctors gave him a forecast of two years of life
because of this he went into a deep depression
but luckily by this time he was interested in a girl named Jane
who would be his future bride
he had a reason to live, also if he wanted to get married he needed a job
and to have a job he needed a doctorate
then Hawking saw reason to live to fight against his illness
he realized that he had many good things to do in his life and that it would be a shame to die so soon
so he focused on good things and did not let himself get carried away by illness
he far exceeded the expectation of doctors instead of two years he lived more than 50 years!
He married Jane
and after a while he was already in a wheelchair, but even so he had three children
your motor disease affects the... you know
Not that
They are different systems
Goes automatic
Is it serious?
This is wonderful is not it?
after a while his voice was already weakened only people who were close to him understood what he was saying
so in lectures he would call nearby people to translate what they were talking about
due to complications in his illness he had to remove his vocal cords
and because of that the only way he would get along would be through movements in his eye
The company Intel placed a computer next to its wheelchair
put a voice synthesizer at last made a very advanced technology
who could read his movements in the eye and turn into movements in the computer
and through it he can write and using a voice synthesizer he can speak
it was not a very fast thing
it took him minutes to write sentences
but he could already write pre-ready texts
and give lectures, interviews at last
when he was interviewed the questions were already given to him
and he already wrote the text so that at the time of the interview people do not have to wait a long time
and just by moving his eye he was able to write 14 books
being that most of them were quite successful
now we go to his scientific works which are incredible works
that few people know
I'll be talking about major jobs and jobs that are not so academic
the jobs that more or less lay people can understand
Let's start with the singularity theorem that was your doctorate
one of his main works were singularity theorems
together with his partner Penrose
they realized that the laws of physics collapsed into a singularity
making predictions of the future using science would not be possible in a singularity
a singularity is like an infinite distortion in space
with me well explained in the video about black holes
to understand this chaos it is necessary to unite quantum laws with general relativity
without this predicting what happens within a singularity is impossible
then this work presented this great problem in singularities
one of his most important works undoubtedly was entropy in black holes
the idea that black holes emit radiation, Hawking radiation
that if he were detected while he was alive he would win the Nobel Prize
unfortunately this radiation is very small so until today it was not detected
but if she had probably he would have won a nobel
it was very important in the part of black holes
he created calculations derived from general relativity that predicted various properties of these holes
such as the event horizon
basically the size of a black hole
two weeks before his death
he created an article that predicted variations in cosmic background radiation
which would basically prove the existence of the multiverse
so he worked on multiverse mathematics and helped experimental physicists
it may be that their work is certain and the existence of multivers
this entropy equation of the black hole was written on its tombstone
because actually some more important equations than it already did
it brings together various constants of nature
and was the closest thing to a grand unification of all the laws of physics
this year 2018 is likely to take the first photo of a black hole event horizon
this year was also detected the birth of a black hole
that an homage was paid to Stephen Hawking
unfortunately hawking did not have the opportunity to see these two events
there are several discoveries about black holes
another branch of your very interesting research is the borderless approach
she briefly said that space is finite
he would be like the earth
it has no outline
if you circumnavigate the land you will never find an edge and will return to your starting point
the universe would be basically so it would be curved into a fourth dimension
this idea says that time started, the big bang would have created the time
this is a very confusing hypothesis that if you wanted to understand more
I recommend this video that the link will be in the description
He also worked in time travel
Yes it looks like science fiction but it's not
he talks a lot about time travel in his book The Universe in a Nutshell
Einstein's general relativity makes travel possible but does not make it clear about trips to the past
hawking research was then focused on journeys into the past
he worked using earthworm holes, time arrows, cosmic ropes etc.
and created a conjecture that traveling in the past would be impossible
because the universe could be illogical
as we know can create numerous paradoxes using time travel to the past
and as he himself says
we've never been visited by people of the future
he created a party and then distributed the invitations to see if any time traveler came back
he worked on several more technical things like a theory of everything
the idea of unifying all the forces and laws of nature
and all matter all branches of physics
in one equation a theory about literally everything
unfortunately he did not succeed in this but he had several mathematical developments
he made several contributions to this branch
currently a theory of everything is the holy grail of physics
she was a dream of Einstein and also a dream of Hawking
current research is focused on string theory and '' M '' theory
which will probably be theme for the next video
these were some of the contributions to physics
he did several others but these are the most accessible to the general public
now we are going to talk about the contributions to scientific dissemination
The first successful book was the famous A Brief History of Time
which is a book intended for the lay public on theoretical physics
that a book intended for the more or less lay public
so that the public understands the advances in the area of physics
What was happening in theoretical physics
the book was a tremendous success he sold 10 million copies
this is a spectacular number Hawking basically started the disclosure about physics
He was a scientific marketer comparable to Carl Sagan
who also wrote several books and made the series cosmos
in fact the book A Brief History of Time has a preface written by Carl Sagan
he wrote over ten books all extremely fascinating
I already read a brief history of time.
the universe in a nutshell and the BBC's black hole lecture
the books are complex but not incomprehensible
I highly recommend you read them, you will hang a little on the concepts
but if you understand every concept you will never be the same person
theoretical physics is really fascinating
he also wrote several children's books with his daughter Lucy
These books had the idea of children becoming familiar with science
he has participated in several programs like the Simpsons and Big Bang Theory
he was host of some shows like these that you see now
Hawking was also a great ally of the disabled because several laws were signed on his behalf
he helped the disabled in general
in addition Hawking participated in the Paralympics as narrator, more specifically in 2012
he already experienced a feeling of zero gravity
several times
he made several trips and already went around the world
already was in the white house and already knew the princess Elizabeth
finally he did several things
one of the things that people find Hawking's most fascinating is that he was an atheist
he had no religion and did not believe in a mystical force
or in some god
unfortunately this made him the target of many criticisms
because in several theories of it he tried to take the paper of a creator
because he always said that the universe is predictable
that the universe does not need a creator
and because of this several people criticized him
What Hawking shows us is that we should be more tolerant.
because at the end of the day we know nothing about the universe
the different religions are the manifestation of a profound mystery: what is the universe and the meaning of things
we must acknowledge our ignorance and limited intelligence
assume we have all the answers to all the questions
closes the door for the truths we are looking for
we must respect the different beliefs because at the end of the day we know nothing
and if there really is a God, he probably prefers kindly atheists than religious hypocrites
we must be kinder and recognize that no matter what your religion is, it is your example
religion is something personal something individual, as would say Carl Sagan '' A personal journey ''
each one interprets reality in different ways and since we do not know the truth about everything
we must respect the different points of view and assume that so far
all are valid
Hawking's information to be atheist at least to me is irrelevant everyone has their philosophy of life
what really matters is your example
but it does not matter if you have some faith or you do not believe in anything
The fact is that one hour everything ends
And that's what happened to Stephen Hawking on 03/03/2018, a genius is gone
He left with 76 years
because of complications of the disease
He had a great life covered
And a great story left with so many ups and downs
Inspired as many people as I
I at least started to get interested in physics because of the book '' the universe in a nutshell ''
so if you like the Singularity a lot I thank Hawking because without him I probably would not like physics
he achieved incredible achievements a life replete victories
he was a very successful scientific disseminator
he went to a rock star a pop figure
we can not dishonor legacies like this
we need to honor the efforts that people like us have left
This day 3/3/2018 will be marked in the history of science
the death of a great mind imprisoned in a weakened body
we must take this story with a life lesson, we have a tremendous capacity
this is nothing mystical the universe does not conspire in our favor
What really matters is that it does not conspire against
there is no limit to our ability, Stephen has shown that even particles can escape from a black hole
we can get out of any problem or hole we find
no situation is so bad that nothing can be done to improve
if we strive and we give up no problem
we can reach places considered unreachable
it is clear that we are only a more advanced race of primates on a smaller planet
which orbits an average star in the suburb of one of the 100 billion galaxies
but since the beginning of civilization
people yearn for an understanding of the underlying order of the world
there must be something very special about the boundary conditions of the universe
and what can be more special than having no limits?
and should not have limits to human activity
we are all different even if life seems bad
to always something that can be done and to be successful
While there is life, there is hope
Subtitles: Vinícius Dutra
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