Youtube daily report w Aug 2 2018

[MUSIC PLAYING]

In this video, we will discuss fair use.

Fair use is something all of us have done and will continue to do.

Fair use is the use of copyrighted material that you did not create.

You use that-- someone else's material and you do not ask for permission.

If you just hear it stated that way, it sounds like you infringe copyright.

You're taking something you didn't create,

and you're not asking permission, you're not paying for it,

you're just using it.

How can that ever be right?

Well, it's how education is for example.

If you're in high school and college and you

have to write a term paper or some kind of paper,

the teacher or professor doesn't want this to be 100% your thoughts.

You don't have to look up any facts.

You don't have to look at how other people have treated the subject.

You're just going to spew stuff and that's that.

Well, of course not.

There are supposed to be some standards, here.

You're supposed to know the field.

And you have to look at other sources.

You have to quote from newspapers, magazines, books, television shows.

So the way it's always done is that you take an excerpt, you copy it,

copy paste, film, however-- you take this work

and you insert that into yours.

What you do is you give attribution.

You say, OK, it's from this writer at the Washington Post.

It was published on this day, this page, and so forth.

You do things like that.

Another example where you see this is in professional sports.

In a Major League Baseball game, that's considered a copyrighted event.

They'll say near the end of the game-- they'll

say any account of the events of this game,

without the strict, express, written, permission of Major League Baseball

is strictly prohibited.

Now, that's something you've heard, and you've not paid attention to.

We shouldn't pay attention to it.

Because that's a copyright claim, but what that literally means is you cannot

talk about the game.

If Major League Baseball were to be that strict and authoritarian about,

you can't talk about the game without permission--

society says otherwise.

So that's a reason you'd break a copyright law, too,

to talk about a Red Sox loss, a Red Sox win.

That's another example of fair use.

If you talk about a film with someone, then your work

is derived from the film.

If you speak about it in public, you are--

you probably would want to think that's fair use.

To consider something a fair use, you need to consider at least four factors.

In other words, how do you take someone else's work?

And they give you, kind of, a guideline.

First factor is, what is the point of your use?

Are you copying material to use in a nonprofit situation or educationally?

You have a paper to submit to the professor?

That would be educational.

Or are you copying to then insert it in your song that you're going to sell?

That would be for profit.

And the law would tend to say nonprofit is more fair of a use than for profit.

And that seems sensible.

The second thing to consider is, what is the material you're copying from?

Is it factual?

Or is it fictional?

Facts and news sources and news events are not creative.

Remember, copyright is to protect creators.

And creators aren't necessarily going to just try

to be strict and just do the news.

It's stories-- it's stories they make up.

It's talking about feelings, it's not talking about facts.

So the second factor is, is it fact or fiction?

And the law protects creative and fiction much more

than it protects factual works.

The third is an important factor.

It's kind of in two parts.

It's what's the amount you're taking from that other work?

And what's the substantiality of it?

By that, they're meaning, is it the most important part?

Is it the most original, creative part?

That gets to be very important.

I call it the quantity and the quality of it-- the amount and substantiality.

So you could take a small work, a small amount,

but it could be the most important part of a song, for example.

OK, well, I only took the chorus, and the chorus is short.

Yeah, but it's the chorus.

Where if you took a long chunk of a bridge or something

else that wasn't as important, it'd be a different argument for fair use.

The fourth factor is, what is the effect on the market of your copying?

Like you're copying and you're creating a new work

and you release your new work.

Would your new release hurt the market for the original?

And that's an important consideration.

If it did hurt, then that would tend to say, well,

that's not a fair use because look what it's doing to what you copied from.

So those four factors are spelled out.

There's one more that always is a part of it,

but is never really enunciated clearly.

And that is, when you copied something, did you give it transformative use?

Did you add value to it?

Did you do more than just copy?

You copied and added new words.

You changed something.

You did something other than just copying.

So that's the transformative factor.

Did you add transformative value?

And transformative value, that phrase, is in a lot of copyright cases.

So to repeat, there are those four factors--

four and the other one I just said--

to determine whether the use is fair or not.

And you kind of go through them in a checklist kind of way,

but you can't be assured your copying is going to be

OK with the person you copied from.

To repeat, is your use for educational, nonprofit purposes?

Or for for profit uses?

Are you copying creative material, the fictional poems

and creative expression?

Or are you copying factual material?

It's better to copy facts than it is to copy creative expression.

The third is the amount and substantiality.

How much did you take?

If you copied from a book and you took 30 pages out of a 70 page book,

obviously, that's a gigantic chunk of a book to copy.

That wouldn't be good.

But what's the originality and the quality of that material?

So the amount and substantiality.

The fourth is, what's the effect on the market?

Does your new song now hurt the other song?

Doesn't happen too often, but it can.

And the fifth factor really is, have you given this transformative value?

Or did you simply just copy?

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Shroud

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1977 Mercedes w123 200 D, 230, 280 E - Duration: 7:53.

[Music]

[Music]

the new mercedes on them will become more

expected as a new

car expectations from all over

different view a comfortable

a dynamic car a safe car

mercedes has his car with this car

top position in the field of

Security further expanded

The headlights are depending on the load

adjustable the combination taillight goods were

even in fog and she remains magic

Another security feature also

The door of the handle is pressed for withdrawal

Locked that easily after an accident

but it is open at high

lateral acceleration not yourself

can develop

also the interior of the car captivates

by relieving functions of the

serve security

[Music]

Schaal beginning to give more laws

page hold less switches fill more

command

[Music]

The interior is further defused

even the sun visors are the

procedure embedded material

Safety belt adapts to everyone

sitting position because of the belt lock is

arranged directly on the seat

[Music]

behind the padded remains

Steering wheel is stuck in the steering column

It does not consist of a work

can deform only by axial forces

but also by lateral at

accidents are usually added

here you have the total overview

also give many details to the back

safety right up to the glare-free

in which even the wear and tear

the brake pads is displayed

[Music]

Safety also in and under the

body and the tank has spatial

protection when building movies directly over

the rear axle

the integrated solid everywhere

Roof construction corresponds to the protection

Roll bars on the sides

Construction is as a stepwise energy

consuming association of chan hers

castles and doors trained the

new front axle has the steering radius

null he provides exact straightforward

even under extreme conditions

to back up

even if a mature burst

should

[Music]

safer drive also by better view

that fischer field covers about 80 percent

the entire disc surfaces

[Music]

The dare must be the thing now

let them measure themselves

to be sure

[Music]

the mercedes comfort already at

get in the new mercedes fields

on by extraordinary sight 87%

All-round visibility has been achieved here

compact dimensions but a big one

Interior contribute to the air

freedom of movement has atmosphere and

nevertheless a manoeuvrable easily common

In addition, car drives that too

easy to handle is a twist grip

regulates the entire air supply two

others control the heating for right

or left the levers for

vischer water blinker on and off

There is a light horn on request

driver's seat also with height adjustment

Practical and the left foot has the pedal

room a footrest

[Music]

[Applause]

but the dare is not just inside

comfortable

he once again conveys more of that

unmistakable mercedes feeling up

the street because chassis steering and

The engines are extremely precise

Voted

if you have a sunroof then works

When opening automatically a wind deflector

high so the hairstyle is disheveled

[Music]

pleasant the noises and vibrations

be steamed

[Music]

[Applause]

[Music]

a bad road does not fall

on

[Music]

[Music]

even getting out is more comfortable

become and does not stain

the doorstep because they are from the door

the mercedes dynamics of the

new mercedes is a dynamic car

he has the typical wedge shape in the

wind tunnel has emerged

shells from similar seats stop

even if you are fast in the curves

become

amazingly the body has

hardly any inclination

and something else stands out and surprises

the precise working of the front axle

Excited even at high speed and if

you have to go down with the pace that remains

usually standard brakes nodding

[Music]

The new Mercedes is the car at the

Do not be between safety

or decide comfort or dynamics

because there must be safety and security in it

comfort and dynamism are in one

perfection of balance the

so far not reached in this class

has been

[Music]

in this sense, the new mercedes der

new scale

[Music]

to 14

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MANFREDO DE SOUZANETTO - Duration: 16:21.

The preparation of the paint for my work,

begins with the collection

of the natural material around Belo Horizonte

in the mining companies.

And it's brought ...

This is actually a stone, a phyllite

that will be crushed,

so that I can transform this in pigments.

Here we have a pigment, with which I will produce the paint,

it's a slow process

but I like to do it personally,

because it allows me to determine the granulometry of the paint.

So if I grind more, I can have a very fine paint

and if I grind less, I have a rough pigment

which will get very close to the beauty of the natural land.

[AGNALDO FARIAS, Curator] Manfredo is an artist,

carpenter, craftsman.

You see a taste for touch,

for the contact, for cutting,

In Manfredo's case this goes until the grain of the painting.

It goes in the fabric that covers and on the pigment that he manipulates.

My work plays a lot with the dynamics of the form

and its a relationship with space.

The work is built but it really goes ...

its final shape or maybe temporary

is determined by the space where it places.

So a work like this can take different positions

depending where it was placed.

[Curator] I was accustumed and everybody was accustomed

with a delimited paint, that had a frame,

that had the same structure that worked behind the scenes,

this was hidden and the format was square.

Well, and Manfred already broke up with it,

in a line that in Brazil, after studying, I never found...

For me it's a work that must have coherence,

so it can perhaps dialogue with the history of art,

that can dialogue with the work who came before it,

and can emphasize certain directions to the future.

So my work dialogues with the past of art,

with the painting, but also, based on something

which may be in the future.

I believe very strongly that my work is a work

that can offer new bases in the geometry made in Brazil.

In this sense, which is a geometry

linked to the landscape, to the land,

and it has a certain land-based

and although it also has connections,

with certain aspects of the international art.

The fabric in Manfredo speaks up,

it's never a passive support

and it's not there to be eclipsed by the chromatic matter,

no, so much is that the chromatic matter

almost never coats the totality of the fabric,

the fabric speaks, it has its own voice.

[Manfred] Here we have a small form

that I actually worked in a large series

of works within this format,

it's painted on both sides,

so you can use

both sides of the work,

the verse and reverse, that refers a little

with the works I've done in the seventies in Paris,

where the paint crossed the screen

and you actually exposed the back of the screen.

The painting was exactly what the texture

the slime allowed the paint to leak to the other side.

Even for you to determine the form

of how it was going to be cut and enlarged in the space.

There are moments in his painting. that you would say that it's not

even more painting, or almost not,

it's almost not painting,

or it's a drawing, or it's a three-dimensional structure

like a relief.

Because it's when you do not have any trace

of the fabric, almost zero,

and then the formats, they vary,

so what you really see is the wood,

but the painting is placed internally,

there is a process, where the color

is reduced, more and more, until very drastic solutions

of collection, however it is there,

like a germ, as if it had a latency.

[Manfredo] My trajectory is closely linked to Minas Gerais,

because I'm from the Vale do Jequitinhonha

and I went to Belo Horizonte,

and I had that impact of a large city,

compared to the one I had lived in the Vale do Jequitinhonha.

I'm always going to Belo Horizonte,

or to some city of Minas of the Vale do Jequitinhonha,

or even in some places,

because that for me is like to seek a source of energy

that renew you, we can say, maybe the inspiration.

My work needs the pigments,

because I work with this relation of the landscape of Minas Gerais,

of the mountain, and the mountain that generate

the pigments that is the raw material

of my pictorial work.

For me, this coming and going to Minas Gerais

it's a constant go to the source and to nourish.

I believe you work from a background

that you get, that is an experience.

I can never create a work

that is not linked to my childhood

in the Vale do Jequitinhonha, the ceramics I saw and all this.

Even because I remember, when I lived in Paris,

five years later,

I felt totally disconnected

of my roots in Brazil.

And I came back and much of my return,

was motivated by the need of to meet

the primary sources that conditioned

my relationship with the art and culture.

Then, to return to Brazil and Minas,

It's always this come back to a past that fed

my childhood, perhaps my fears,

and that created a history

and that makes a difference in my work.

My first contact with Manfredo's work

was mediated by Valter Zenini.

Valter Zenini was the first person

who I worked, in the field of visual arts

in the Biennial of 81 and 83.

And he said like that: "Farias, the paintings are coming back. "

But he talked about that with a very alarmed air,

the paintings are coming back...

And at the Biennial of 83, the same,

it started to come more painters

and his remark was even bigger.

But I realized that

he brought Manfredo.

He brought Lidia Okomura and Celso Renato.

which were three very different paths

and not aligned with the Neo-Expressionists

and the Italians transvantguarde had been doing.

And among these three artists,

the most eminently painter,

that is, who worked inside of the strict lane of painting,

but reinventing, it was Manfredo.

My work is a work that always dialogued

with the third dimension.

It dialogued in the sense that because I am

an artist who builds things,

that's mean, I'm a builder.

There is even this school called constructivism,

that is the Russian Constructivism,

that was one of the greatest sources of knowledge

that I acquired in Europe.

So, this construction of form

and construction of the chassis,

this has led me to a three dimensional,

so I create works that are sculptures,

some works are sculptures,

but I think even most of them,

were painted sculptures.

So painting is what guides my work.

My relationship with color, with pigment,

and then has this relationship with space

and with the third dimension.

And next to this are these pitchforks, these bifurcations,

these meetings that give a sense of vortex,

give the sense of something that is erratic.

A painting, an expression that

never ends at its own limit.

And in this relationship of three dimensionality

and the uniformity of the work.

I think the painting is the vehicle that transits

between one side and another,

but I consider myself much more painter than a sculptor.

Well, what we have is the following,

I start my work always with a project,

which must be some vestige of my studies of architecture,

and also allows me to make the frame structure

which must be extremely well measured.

So the projects are here,

the works are, they're here,

the angles are measured, the chassis is made up.

This drawing is the project of this white work,

you have the other one on the wall.

This structure of work, it's more or less

from certain doodles, of certain notes I take,

then I'm going to produce the project.

and consequently, the paintings.

The paintings are paintings, but in the bottom

have a whole language, painting, sculpture,

because it plays with the three-dimensionality,

not only with the flatness of the painting

So you have the pictorial surface,

but at the same time, you have

a form that is dynamic, that is fragmented

and through fragments, the totality of the work is built.

And these works also play with material,

with the texture of the canvas holder,

that are linen and jute canvas,

and also plays with the wood and the shape,

and this form is what gives this dynamism of the work in the space.

TAKE A LOOK AT THE MOUNTAINS

This "Take a look at the mountains" sticker

was created by me and a friend of mine,

called Emílio Osório Neto, who was helping me

in the assembly of my first individual exhibition in Belo Horizonte,

this was in 1974,

and we wanted to do something that got the attention

to the exhibition, in addition to the invitation.

And the exhibition was called

"Memory of things that still exist."

And it was a series of drawings I did about the Minas landscape

that I had photographed through slides and documented.

By documenting that landscape, I also got to a sad conclusion

that landscape was being ground, destroyed and exported.

So to get the attention to this problem itself,

of the landscape, around Belo Horizonte

we created this sticker called "Take a look at the mountains"

and completed then on the exhibition that was:

"Take a look at the mountains

to tell your kids how those were".

Because we were already building

a memory of the things that already existed.

and this created, and met an strong appeal

of the people of Belo Horizonte.

I made a hundred stickers, took to the Architecture School,

everybody wanted it, it was crazy,

the next day the whole School asked me.

We made a thousand stickers for the opening of the Exhibition,

and disappeared in a few minutes.

We glued throughout the glass façade of ICBEU,

Brazil-United States Cultural Institute,

the stickers.

"Take a look at the mountains ... Manfredo's advice

sounds melancholic. Look at things well

which still exist and tomorrow will be a simple memory".

What constituted the landscape, the core of it,

it was the color itself,

and could provide me the color of my painting,

so I started to take pieces of the landscape,

the soil, of the stones to the studio, to transform it into pigments,

and make the color and the subject of my work.

Manfredo's work is growing, expanding,

consolidating as decantation,

as a process, that has to do with

the process of the land.

Manfredo's work is a great contribution

for our culture, the Brazilian culture in general.

It has the particularity which is typical of great artists.

He is a great artist because his work is singular.

But at the same time it resonates

in universal terms, undoubtedly.

And it is a great contribution

that the Brazilian culture offers to the world.

script and director PEDRO PAULO MENDES

interview AGNALDO FARIAS

music VALSA SÓ-RONALDO MIRANDA

performance PATRÍCIA BRETAS-PIANO

images LUÍS ABRAMO, BERNARDO NIELSEN

drone BRUNO MISAWA

pictures LUCIANO MATTOS

translation CLÁUDIA PIERSANTI

executive production SARAH DA CUNHA SANTOS

production TECA LACERDA, LUCIANA LACERDA

edition MATEUS RIBEIRO, RAFAEL ANDRADE

kindly

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No, You Don't Have a "Reptilian Brain" - Duration: 6:00.

[ ♪ Intro ]

You might have come across articles like How to Make Friends Using Your Reptilian Brain

or Overcome Your Reptile Brain to Lose Weight.

And if they seemed to make a lot of sense…

Well, I'm sorry to be a spoilsport,

but the idea that humans have a primitive reptile brain deep down there somewhere is largely false.

It is based on a tiny bit of truth, though, which might explain why it's stuck around for half a century.

This 'reptile brain' nonsense started in the sixties when neuroscientist Paul MacLean proposed the Triune Brain Theory.

He was trying to explain how animal brains evolved and

why some animals, like us, could reason or plan but others couldn't.

MacLean thought that these more complex abilities came from extra brain layers added on top of a primitive, instinctive brain base,

like a juicy dumpling is wrapped inside a pastry.

The brain's core was called the protoreptilian complex.

Hence, "reptile brain".

And it's the name MacLean gave to what we now call the basal ganglia,

a group of neurons at the very centre of the brain.

As the name suggests, this region supposedly explained the behavior of reptiles.

MacLean thought it was the neural seat of motor control

as well as instinctual behaviors like defending territory.

Wrapped around the reptile brain was the paleomammalian complex or limbic system,

which was largely in charge of emotions.

And because emotions are important for things like social relationships, parental care, bonding and empathy,

MacLean thought this system was especially important to early mammals.

The final layer to be added on was what MacLean describes as the neomammalian complex, a.k.a. the neocortex,

which is the 6-layered tissue that makes up the majority of the folded,

"brainy"-looking part of our brains called the cerebral cortex.

This, which is much bigger in "higher" mammals like us and our primate relatives,

is what he thought gives us language, reason and conscious perception of the outside world.

And according to this theory, each of these layers acts as a separate quote "brain".

So when you get angry and lash out at a potential rival, that's your reptile brain taking over,

but when you ponder the great wonders of the world, your neomammalian brain is in charge.

Which is why some pop-psychology articles talk about reigning in your reptilian brain,

though that's not really what MacLean was going for.

In some ways, the Triune Brain Theory is kind of true, but it's also pretty wrong.

MacLean was kind of right that different parts of the brain have somewhat different tasks,

but his groupings weren't perfect.

Those quote "reptilian" basal ganglia do help us form habits,

and they play a big role in controlling voluntary movements.

But they're also involved in emotions and executive functions like self control.

For example one part, the nucleus accumbens, is a big player in the brain's reward circuit.

As for the limbic system, that paleomammalian part, it is heavily involved in emotion and bonding,

thanks largely to a structure called the amygdala.

But the term "limbic system" is kind of falling out of favor because neuroscientists

can't really agree what's actually in it.

Some neuroscientists consider the orbitofrontal cortex, the part of the brain that helps make decisions,

to be in the limbic system, too, because it's tightly connected to other parts of it.

Or they use a more encompassing term, the paralimbic system, instead.

Others just stick to functional networks within the entire cerebral cortex,

which includes both the limbic system and that neomammalian neocortex.

Speaking of which, MacLean was right that the neocortex is a big part of our reasoning, speech and cognitive abilities,

but as the majority of the cerebral cortex,

it's kind of got its fingers in all the neural pies.

And it's not required for intelligence.

Octopus can perform some really tricky cognitive tasks

like remembering how to get out of a maze without a shred of neocortex.

Also, MacLean's names for these so-called brains aren't great either

because they don't really have anything to do with the animals they're named after.

That 'reptile brain' didn't first appear in reptiles,

and the limbic system isn't unique to mammals.

In fact, most animals with backbones, including fish and amphibians, have basal ganglia and a limbic system.

And "lower" mammals like mice do have a neocortex.

There's even evidence that other animals have a neocortex of sorts.

Their brains contain the same types of cells as the ones in our neocortex,

they just aren't arranged in 6 layers.

That might explain how birds, which are actually reptiles, care for their young or have linguistic abilities.

What differs between brains isn't who has what so much as their relative size and shape.

And it's not even fair to say that these regions are most developed in those groups of animals.

While it's true that our neocortex is a lot bigger than a mouse's, even accounting for body size,

some of the structures in primate basal ganglia and limbic systems are also larger and more complex.

So they aren't just hold overs from our more primitive ancestors.

But perhaps the biggest problem with the Triune Brain Theory is the idea that these different "brains" work independently, or even linearly.

We don't have three separate brains, we have one big coordinated one.

Brain activity underlying a behavior may start in one specific area, but it'll soon spread as other parts help out,

an idea known as distributive processing.

And that's how that neocortex has its fingers in all the pies.

Let's say some really attractive person starts hitting on your partner, and that makes you livid.

Those feelings of rage might start with activity in the amygdala, a part of that "limbic system".

But then other parts of the cerebral cortex including neocortical areas

can either increase or decrease the probability that you'll flip out based on cues from the environment.

And the basal ganglia, particularly the nucleus accumbens,

play a key role in deciding what you actually do with all your anger

by integrating information from both the neocortex and the limbic system.

So your jealous rage isn't your territorial, protoreptilian complex taking control,

it's multiple parts of your brain working in concert.

To cut MacLean some slack though, his theory reflected the knowledge neuroscientists had at the time.

Like many scientific theories, it evolved and became outdated

as scientists got new information through neuroimaging and behavior studies.

So, although MacLean was on the right track in terms of understanding how brain structure relates to function,

he got a lot wrong when it comes to how those structures work together

and the evolution of animal brains.

And ultimately, that means you don't need to worry about trying to control your reptilian brain

because it doesn't exist!

Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow!

And if you like learning about brains and how they work,

you might want to check out our sister channel SciShow Psych.

And while reigning in your inner reptile might not be the way to keep your emotions in check,

you can learn more about how to actually do that in our Psych episode on controlling emotions.

[ ♪ Outro ]

For more infomation >> No, You Don't Have a "Reptilian Brain" - Duration: 6:00.

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Sex ed & dating through the decades: "Don't stick your banana in anybody's fruit bowl" - Duration: 2:42.

- I got my period while I was watching Amityville Horror

and I thought I was dying.

(fun music)

- They would smack you across the back of the head

as you're walking through the door.

"Don't look at me with the side of your eyes."

And of course we did.

- Grounding, that's for sure.

There was no cellphones,

they had nothing to take away from us, really.

- We'd just come back from the gym.

We are football stars, we are eating.

My mom came in, she gave us food.

I said something, I talked back to her.

She smacked me, they started laughing.

My mom got my bo staff from the corner of my room

and beat all of us and then walked out

and then got us more food.

And we were just looking at each other like,

did that just happen?

- When she was upset with us we would have to put out

our hand and she would smack it with a wooden spoon.

And her big story is one day she smacked our hands

with a wooden spoon and her wooden spoon broke.

And she went out to the mailbox and her mother

had sent her a brand new set of wooden spoons.

I got my period while I was watching Amityville Horror

and I thought I was dying.

I thought I'd been possessed.

I swear to God.

I didn't know what a period was.

I really didn't.

And all of the sudden I'm watching this horror show

and I'm bleeding from between my legs.

That was horrifying.

- My mom walked in, she looked at all of us and said,

"Don't stick your banana into anybody's fruit bowl."

Walked out and that was it.

- They would always slut shame.

They definitely did that a lot about Westerners.

- There was no demonstrating that this is where it goes

kind of thing.

- We weren't aware of like LGBT.

All that stuff wasn't part of our spectrum.

It was literally like man, woman, they have some magic.

- As far as we know, like Korean parents don't have sex.

Like, it's just not a thing with Korean parents.

You stay up late, like, in your parents' own bed,

you turn on the TV and it's like on Citytv

and that's when the soft core porn comes on

and you're just like, oh, this is crazy.

- You went to the front door and you knocked on the door

and you met the father.

- I would just pick up the phone and I would just call her.

She would be like, hello?

And I'm like, hey, how's it going?

- Generally it was like people at school

and people that were in your friend circle.

It was really, really small.

- We met in the principal's office

and I was getting in trouble for saying something political

or, you know, mouthing off.

And he was getting in trouble for skipping school.

- All of our first interactions have to happen

through a cellphone now, which is, yeah, that's sad.

For more infomation >> Sex ed & dating through the decades: "Don't stick your banana in anybody's fruit bowl" - Duration: 2:42.

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Why Don't Animals Need Sunscreen? - Duration: 4:02.

[ INTRO 🎵 ]

Squeaks and I are getting ready to have a nice picnic outside!

We've got our picnic basket loaded with plenty of delicious and healthy snacks and

lots of water.

And I'll definitely need sunscreen, because it's pretty sunny out there today, and I

don't want to get a sunburn.

Great question Squeaks other animals don't use sunscreen, so How do they protect themselves

from the sun?

We know they don't put on sunscreen like humans do, and they don't have metal to

protect them, like robot rats.

So, what do they do?

Well, plenty of animals already have something on top of their skin to protect them from

sunburns.

Birds have feathers.

Animals like bears, dogs, and cats have fur or hair.

Other animals, like lizards and snakes, have scales.

[Squeaks squeaks]

That's true, Squeaks — there are some animals that don't have feathers or fur

or scales.

Pigs are a good example.

You might know that they like to roll around in mud.

[Squeaks nods.]

But do you know why they cover themselves in mud?

That's right – sun protection!

There's not much to block sunlight from hurting their skin, so they use the mud as

their own version of sunscreen.

And as a bonus, the mud keeps them nice and cool!

Can you think of another animal that doesn't have much covering its skin?

I'll give you a hint: it has a veeeeery long nose.

[Squeaks guesses: an elephant!]

Yeah, I was thinking of an elephant!

Elephants sometimes cover themselves in mud, too.

Older elephants help cover their baby elephants with sand or dirt, and they'll actually

stand over younger elephants while they nap so they can rest in the shade.

But some animals can get their own version of sunscreen without having to cover themselves

in mud.

Like alligators.

Even though an alligator's scales help protect them, turns out alligators make something

inside their bodies that protects them from the sun.

It's a type of chemical called gadusol.

And it's not just alligators.

Snakes and turtles make gadusol, too!

And so do frogs and toads.

Most birds do, too -- so it's not just their feathers keeping them safe from the sun!

And let's not forget about fish -- they also make this stuff.

[Squeaks Squeaks]

That's a good question, Squeaks!

He wants to know why fish need sunscreen.

I can see why you might be wondering about that, since they're under the water.

But too much sunlight could still hurt them through the water.

It's the same reason we need sunscreen even when we're swimming.

It sure would be nice if our bodies made gadusol, too!

Then we wouldn't need to put on sunscreen at all.

And you know what?

Scientists aren't totally sure yet why our bodies don't make gadusol.

But they do have an idea: they think it might be because a long time ago, humans used to

just avoid the sunlight and go out at night instead of during the day.

That's what we call being nocturnal.

So, it's possible we don't make gadusol because we just didn't need it — we weren't

out in the sun all that much.

That might also be why we're not covered with fur or feathers or something else that

would protect us from the sun.

But scientists are really interested in gadusol!

Even though our bodies don't make it by themselves, scientists are studying it to

see if we can use science to turn gadusol into sunscreen for us, too.

So those are some ways that animals protect themselves from the sun.

Here's the thing, though: some animals still do get sunburned!

Like whales.

They don't have fur or anything else covering their skin, and they don't make gadusol.

But whales have special ways of healing themselves from sunburns, like developing a hard outer

layer of skin, so they don't get too hurt from the sun.

So, Squeaks.

It's looking pretty sunny out there!

Since we can't make our own sunscreen, how about doing something else that animals do

… let's find a nice shady spot under a tree.

And that's where we'll have our picnic!

Thanks for joining us!

If you want to keep having fun and learning with Squeaks and me, hit the subscribe button,

and don't forget to check us out on the YouTube Kids app.

We'll see you next time, here at the Fort!

[ OUTRO 🎵 ]

For more infomation >> Why Don't Animals Need Sunscreen? - Duration: 4:02.

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Arsenal transfer news: 'I don't know why it's taken such a long time to sign him' - Duration: 1:48.

 Ramsey's current deal at Arsenal expires at the end of the upcoming season. The Welshman confirmed talks are continuing with the club and his agent but an agreement is yet to be found

 It is a similar scenario for Arsenal, who entered last season with two of their star players, Alexis Sanchez and Mesut Ozil, in a similar position

 Sanchez ended up leaving in January in a straight swap for Henrikh Mkhitaryan, whereas Ozil penned a new deal

 Aaron Ramsey would be allowed to talk to foreign clubs in January and could leave the club for free come the end of the season, if he does not extend his Emirates stay

 But Campbell has demanded Arsenal get their business in order and get the 27-year-old tied down

 "I don't know why it's taken such a long time to sign him," he told Sky Sports News

 "I just don't want the situation dragging on too far because that puts doubt in his head and then people start whispering and maybe people starting offering him another deal somewhere else

 "That's when it gets difficult and other clubs get involved and they've seen a little bit of a gap opening

 "So hopefully Arsenal can settle that and sign him up. "I don't really want to lose another, he's a top guy and a top player as well

"

For more infomation >> Arsenal transfer news: 'I don't know why it's taken such a long time to sign him' - Duration: 1:48.

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EDEN - nowhere else - Duration: 3:17.

You been confusing since the day I met you Another night chasing, this feels like home

Since I've been miles away, no change Outsider inside looking dazed

Just wash the glitter off your face and go home

Winter sun throwing shadows long and lonesome How strange to think that we were strangers once

At square one I guess it's on me, I want more than I've got

But I can't ask you for the things you don't feel Don't—

'Cause I don't want no fake love, fake love, fake love

I don't wanna know no fake friends, forced smiles, or favors

And I don't wanna know no fake love, fake love, fake love

Just say what you wanna say

And I'll still be there It's easy when you've nothing to lose

And I'll still be there 'Cause I've got nowhere else, yeah

Yeah, she told me love me fast but take it slow

I said I'm going nowhere fast as hell And keeping with the times we gotta keep it on the low

Midnight habits burning through the summer since the snow, and

I finally feel myself again It's been so long, I thought I'd seen the end

But I guess you need ends to begin again And again, and again

'Cause this is nothing we ain't seen before I lived through it, I ain't overdosed

The sky is falling like it always does So I guess we'll see if someone's watching over us

So let it rain The clouds look heavy, but they bear no weight

The scars can't hurt you and the bruises will fade, yes

And I don't want no fake love, fake love, fake love

I don't wanna know no fake friends, forced smiles, or favors

And I don't wanna know no fake love, fake love, fake love

Just say what you wanna say

And I'll still be there It's easy when you've nothing to lose

And I'll still be there 'Cause I've got nowhere else

And I don't want no fake love, fake love, fake love

I don't wanna know no fake friends, forced smiles, or favors

And I don't wanna know no fake love, fake love, fake love

Just say what you wanna say, yeah

For more infomation >> EDEN - nowhere else - Duration: 3:17.

-------------------------------------------

EXPECTATIONS... Do They Always Lead to Resentment? - Duration: 8:37.

For more infomation >> EXPECTATIONS... Do They Always Lead to Resentment? - Duration: 8:37.

-------------------------------------------

Man Loses Limbs After Dog Licks Him - Duration: 3:42.

A Wisconsin man lost his limbs after he developed an infection.

The infection was caused by a bacteria that's found in dog and cat saliva.

I'm going to tell you everything you need to know, here for you on IO.

Welcome back to inform overload, I'm charlotte dobre.

Before I get into this video, tell me in the comments below, are you a dog or a cat person?

Most of us have pets.

And most pets, especially dogs, show us love by licking us.

But what I'm about to tell you might make you think twice about letting your dog lick

you.

A Wisconsin resident nnamed Greg Manteufel absolutely loves dog.

But a kiss from his dog has changed his entire life forever.

A bacteria found in his dogs saliva gave him an infection.

At first, it seemed like he only had the flu.

When Greg came home from work on june 26, he told his wife Dawn that he had been thowing

up all day and his legs were aching.

One day later, Greg was heard by his son moving around in the early morning and speaking gibberish.

He could also barely walk and had diarrhea.

He was rushed to a hospital.

Then blemishes and bruises started appearing all over his body.

Doctors said that Greg had a very aggressive sepsis infection that was life threatening.

The blood infection was caused by dog saliva, his dog licked him and then from there the

bacteria in the saliva ended up in his mouth or eye.

And then, the news came.

Greg was going to have to lose his limbs.

His legs were amputated below the knee, and he lost his hands.

He also lost a quarter of his nose.

To this day, greg is in and out of the hospital.

He has already had 5 surgeries and more have been scheduled.

That being said, greg says he still loves his dog.

Before the infection started, he was in contact with other dogs as well.

A stray dog that he touched may have been carrying the bacteria.

While it is rare to get an infection this bad from dog saliva, its not unheard of.

Adults over the age of 40 are more likely to be affected.

According to experts, it is a myth that a dogs mouth is cleaner than a humans.

I mean honestly, dogs go around eating anything they can get ahold of, including garbage and

dirt.

I once saw a puppy thow up after eating dirt, and then he ate the throw up.

And then we let dogs lick our faces and share our icecream.

According to John Oxford, professor of virology and bacteriology at the queen mary university

in London, Capnocytophaga Canimorsus is a bacteria found in dog saliva that an cause

fatal infections including sepsis, which can lead to organ failure and even death.

So what did we learn?

Be careful around dog saliva, especially stray dogs.

Stray dogs are more likely to come in contact with garbage and other gross things.

Just be aware and if a dog has licked you, make sure you don't let the saliva get in

your mouth or eyes.

Dani boss gamer – you have more of a chance of dying from a potato than your comment being

featured.

Guys, the amount of comments we get is overwhelming.

It's the most response we have ever gotten on this channel in its 6 year history.

I have increased the amount of comments to 4 per video instead of three to increase your

chances.

Here's an idea, make an account that's a character and comment as that character.

Its super funny.

Quagmire, I'm talking to you.

Grimity Gaming – charlotte pronounce this shamalamadingdong.

No name – I remember when you used to shut the door on us.

Wow you're an OG subscriber.

We do not shut the door anymore, our door is always open.

Jmin Yoong Hope – Charlotte!

My birthday is tomorrow, can you say happy birthday to me?

If you do I'll be so happy.

You commented yesterday so today is your birthday.

Happy birthday!

I hope it's a great one.

That's all folks, thanks for watching.

If you enjoyed this video show us some love by smashing the thumbs up and subscribing

to IO.

If you wanna keep watching, make sure you check out this video, or that playlist.

And for those of you who have instagram, follow me and IO, our links are posted in the description.

That's it for me and I'll see you in the next IO video.

For more infomation >> Man Loses Limbs After Dog Licks Him - Duration: 3:42.

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Contractors Are Cutting Corners And Leaving Homeowners With Significant Damages - Duration: 8:00.

Buying a home is probably the largest investment that the majority of Americans in this country

will ever make because most of us obviously can't afford to have multimillion dollars

invested into yachts or the stock market or any other investment.

Our home is our investment.

It's something that we grow equity in.

It's something that if we need to, we can borrow against with a bank, It is of utmost

importance that we keep that home safe.

The problem is that sometimes it's out of our control.

Sometimes shoddy contractors or home builders want to cut corners in a way that makes our

home vulnerable, our investment vulnerable to the elements, to damage and to other problems

that these same contractors and home builders refuse to pay for.

What's happening right now with these ... there're lawsuits against people, contractors and home

builders who apply stucco's sighting basically to homes now stucco occasion, not aware of

it.

It's a form of cement that's mixed with lime and water and a few other things.

It's sprayed onto the side of homes, gives it a very nice look, and it's supposed to

keep it protected from the outside elements specifically, obviously water damage.

What we're finding out right now, according to reports, is that there are too many contractors

and home builders operating in the United States, specifically in wetter climates like

those that we have down here in Florida, and they're doing an improper job applying this

stucco.

They're not following procedure, they're not mixing it properly, and more importantly,

they're trying to apply it directly to the home, which makes for cracking and leaks and

extensive water damage for homeowners.

What should be happening is that when they put stucco up, they're supposed to have some

kind of lattice that the stucco goes on.

They're not supposed to put it directly onto the house, but that lattice costs extra money.

It costs extra time.

Who has time for that When you got to turn and burn with all these homes out there that

needs Stucco, right?

That's the mentality of these contractors.

They want to get as many homes done in as little time as possible so they can make as

much money possible so they cut corners on your home, they cut corners on your investment,

and now that we're finding that they've cut these corners, which causes the Stucco to

crack out at a rate much higher than it would if they had done it properly, causing extensive

water damage, but now they're trying to say that hey, we're not liable for it.

You should have painted it better.

You should just cock it out.

This is just part of the regular wear and tear of home ownership.

Sorry, we're not going to do anything for you to fix the mess that we the contractors

created and that's why right now these contractors and home builders are facing a flurry of lawsuits

from homeowners who have had their homes partially destroyed because that contractor chose to

cut corners.

What makes it even worse, is that this is water damage, in some areas, depending on

where you lie in the flood plain, you're not required to have flood insurance because it's

unlikely that your home would flood.

These people who have had their stucco crack out, cause water damage, they're not getting

any money from the contractors.

They call their insurance company because surely this is something they would cover.

Only to find out, no.

It's water, that's considered floods, So you're on your own.

These people's homes, their investments, they're being destroyed.

All because these contractors wanted to cut a few corners, save a few dollars here and

there and then move on to the next home so they could make even more money knowing that

they had done a poor job for these innocent consumers who were just trying to make their

home look better, just trying to make their home a little more secure from the elements

and they're the ones who got taken advantage of, once again, by corporate greed.

Too many of these stories happen all the time.

But this one and the lawsuits being filed, that's really the only way to solve these

problems.

We have to hold these people accountable.

Law enforcement's not going to do it, but the court system will and that is our only

hope to get these people what they deserve and what they deserve, is to have a livable

home.

To have work done on their house that's not going to be destroyed within a year because

the contractor cut corners and the only way to do that is to take these people to court

and make them pay for the negligence that they acted with when they applied this stucco

and other kinds of home repairs and while we're talking about, people getting screwed

over, I think it's almost impossible to even mention that topic without talking about Flint

Michigan.

The place that had the almost deadly levels of lead in their water that made national

news a few years ago and then everybody seems to forget about it.

Well, here's the thing, the residents of Flint Michigan still don't have clean water and

nobody is talking about that anymore.

Here's another thing that nobody's talking about Flint Michigan.

The death toll from the dirty water that that city has been drinking for years now is about

10 times higher than official estimates.

According to the official estimates, the dirty contaminated water heading into Flint Michigan,

has only killed 12 people through legionella bacteria.

12 people, right?

That's a low number.

That's a number that the local and state governments can say, hey, you know, it's not huge.

Not a ton of people died from this bacteria, but no, according to new research, the actual

death toll from legionella bacteria in the dirty flint water.

Again, this has actually nothing to do with the lead.

This is just a separate new contaminant or living contaminant, legionella bacteria that's

killed 119 people, almost 10 times what the official death toll is, is that remind you

of something?

Does it remind you a little bit of Puerto Rico where they said that 65 people died,

but really it's almost 6,000 people died down there.

They're doing the same thing here in Flint Michigan.

112 people dead.

All because, excuse me, 119 all because, they didn't want to give them clean water.

They didn't want to spend a little bit of extra money to make sure that the water wasn't

contaminated with lead.

To make sure that the water wasn't contaminated with this deadly legionella bacteria, but

now people are in their graves, for doing nothing more than going to the faucet in their

sink, filling up a cup and drinking it.

That's why these people are dead.

I mean, that's the reason these people are dead.

What really killed them was republican policies.

Republican policies that wanted to cut corners, cut costs, privatize water systems.

They hired a guy for over $100,000 to tell them how to do it, who happened to be a good

friend of a Michigan Governor Rick Snyder.

He's the one who told them, hey, just divert the water over here.

Give them dirtier water, they'll be fine.

Pay me over $100,000.

I'm good to go.

They did it.

They paid him.

They switched the water and people are dying, and again, the problems go far beyond just

the lead.

We're talking about now deadly bacteria showing up in this water.

What's even worse?

Federal officials or government officials, local officials, state officials, all the

officials knew that this was actually happening and they sat on it and didn't tell the public

for 15 months.

For more infomation >> Contractors Are Cutting Corners And Leaving Homeowners With Significant Damages - Duration: 8:00.

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I Don't Care If Santy Claus And Jack Frost Are Having Ice Cream Cones! - Duration: 0:27.

*Squidward slides into view while moaning in pain*

Mr. Krabs: Alright! Quit clownin' around and get to work!

Spongebob: Yes, sir!

Squidward: As soon as you turn the heat up!

Mr. Krabs: The temperature stays at 62°! (Degrees!)

Squidward: There's icicles hanging from the ceiling!

Mr. Krabs: I don't care if Santy Claus and Jack Frost are having ice cream cones!

Mr. Krabs: DON'T!

Mr. Krabs: TOUCH!

Mr. Krabs: THE THERMOSTAT!

*Icicles begin to fall down*

*Squidward and Spongebob attempt to dodge icicles*

*Squidward grabs Spongebob to use as a shield/umbrella, Squidward dodges icicles successfully, though Spongebob was hit but unharmed due to him being a sponge and sponge physics working in this scene*

For more infomation >> I Don't Care If Santy Claus And Jack Frost Are Having Ice Cream Cones! - Duration: 0:27.

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SO MUCH IS NEW「Minecraft ⛏️」 - Duration: 57:45.

For more infomation >> SO MUCH IS NEW「Minecraft ⛏️」 - Duration: 57:45.

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3D Model of Dodge Challenger TA 392 2017 Review - Duration: 1:30.

For more infomation >> 3D Model of Dodge Challenger TA 392 2017 Review - Duration: 1:30.

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Top 10 Cursed Books You Shouldn't Read Alone - Part 2 - Duration: 11:55.

Hello and welcome back to the Most Amazing Channel on the Internet. I am your host Rebecca

Felgate and today, by popular demand, I am bringing you the Top 10 Cursed books part

2. *what is the scariest book you have ever read?

I just listened to Salam's lot on audiobook by Stephen King.

Comments section down below. Like & Share. 10 - Real life Death Notes

Death Note is a Japanese Manga series written by Tsugumi Ohba. The story is about a high

school student who comes across a mysterious note book, the death note. He soon finds that

he can use the notebook to kill people, by simply writing their names down. The series

was actually adapted into an American movie – its on Netflix. Anyway, a LOT of teenagers

have been inspired by the Manga series and the film and have started their own Death

Note books in real life. There have been countless incidents, for example in 2007 Pingtung County

in Taiwan saw a string of Death Note inspired issues. In 2015, a middle school student in

Pennsylvania was suspended for making his own Death Note book and writing the names

of 15 students in it. Some people say the story of Death Note stems back to some truth,

too, with legends circulating that in ancient Chinese civilisation, the yellow emperor had

a notebook of death.

I actually have to thank one of our subscribers for bringing this book to my attention – I

was reading the comments on the top 10 cursed books part one and one of our subscribers

highlighted this to me – thanks Kim Jana for the recommendations.

9 - The Book of the Sun of Gnosis This is a 13th Century Grimorie containing

Arabic magic spells and provides guidance for the afterlife. The book is all about demons

and jins and evil beings and despite being a highly influential text in the Arab and

Muslim worlds, it has long been banned in a lot of Islamic cultures for its subject

matter. The book allows the reader to communicate with spirits but that doesn't always mean

good spirits….

8- The Cursed Babylonian Tablets Babylon was said to be an ancient city in

what is present day Iraq. The Babylonian Era ran from 1895 BCE to around 7 BCE, so hundreds

of years. Back in those days, books weren't really a thing. Instead, people read from

inscriptions on tablets – so rocks, or stones. These tablets were often known to carry a

curse. A Babylonian king placed a curse on a set of clay tablets back in the 7th century

B.C.E – having his text inscribed with: Whosoever shall carry off this tablet, or

shall inscribe hisname on it, side by side with mine own, may Ashur and Belit overthrow

him in wrath and anger, and may they destroy his name and posterity in the land. It turns

out that actually, these tablet curses were pretty common. Because reading material was

hard to find, ancient people often tried to safeguard their property by claiming it was

cursed… basically…it was the ye olde way of making sure little twerps didn't steal

your things.

7 The Babadook Book There was a time when the book from the 2014

Australian Horror movie, The Babadook, was fiction. The book in the movie is cursed and

or haunted as it is constantly delivered to Amelia and Oskar's home. In the movie, the

book depicts the horrifying events that are about to befall the family in a creepy pop

up style. Now, movie lovers have gone one step further and demanded the illustrator

turn the fictional book into a reality. That's right, you can buy the haunted book for yourself.

Following a successful crown funding campaign, Insight Editions was chosen to create a limited

run of 6,000 books. I think its a cool idea but I am not sure if I would want that in

my home!! If it's in a word or its in a look, you can't get rid of the babadook.

6 - Portrait of a Marriage – Curiosity Incorporated I was trying to do some research into lesser

known haunted books because I guess only the bigger stuff makes headlines – there MUST

be just like… you know… average ghosts haunting average books out there… and it

turns out I was write! I found a video by small up and coming youtuber curiosity Incorporated

and he is an antiques trader. He made a video called "Saga if the haunted book, who knew

books could be so creepy" in which he talks about how he bought a bunch of old books off

a dealer and as she left, she basically turned round to him and said one of them was haunted

so watch out! Wow. The book is called Portrait of a Marriage by Vita Sackville-West and Harold

Nicolson. It seems the spirit had an attraction to the book. The antiques dealer said – I

certainly wouldn't want to be the guy who got stuck haunting this book…. So far, he

hasn't mentioned any further weird goings on.

Forget about one spooky book, all of the books in this Library are plagued by a pesky spirit

- 5 - Leeds Library Ghost

Leeds, Yorkshire, England. One of my favourite places. Yorkshire is steeped in ancient history

so you'll regularly hear ghost stories coming from this area of the UK. The Leeds library

dates back to 1768, so is older than the USA! The ghost haunting the premises is said to

be the first ever librarian of the building – Vincent Sternberg. In 1844, the new Librarian,

James Macalister came face to face with the ghost of Sternberg as he worked late. The

ghost is said to linger most frequently around the old books and in 2012 researcher Jeremy

Dyson spent 12 hours in the library documenting the hauntings. He uploaded a really interesting

and revealing video to youtube that actually captures some of the ghostly goings on in

the building. Another investigator, Sean Reynolds, captured a ladder moving along a bookshelf

at the library.

4 - Necronomicon pop up Nightmare Book – featuring Cthulu.

Anyone who loves the Evil Dead franchise will know about the fictional Book of the Dead,

the Necronomicon. This book of the dead has actually long since mentioned in literature

– possibly first in 1924 in HP Lovecraft's The Hound. Either way, Poposition Press have

taken it upon themselves to turn the Necronomicon into a truly terrifying pop up book. The book

has 5 pop up scenes including pull tabs and depict moments from the five original Evil

Dead stories - The Dunwich Horror, The Shadow Out of Time, The Call of Cthulhu, At The Mountains

of Madness and The Colour Out of Space. They may not actually be cursed like the source

material…. But I have to say the images will haunt my nightmares forever.

Muggles Beware at number 3 this Grimoire will get you.

In 2013 two hand written spiral bound spell books, or Grimoire's, sold for 13 thousand,

865 dollars in Toronto via AbeBooks.com. A Grimoire is a witches spell book and in generally,

It is believed that the books must be burned after the death of the witch else they become

cursed. These Grimoire's appear to have been written in the 1960s by a high priestess

of wicca called Adrastea Eirene, an American witch with English and Swedish ancestry. It

is not known whether or not the witch who wrote these books is alive or dead, but the

opening pages of both of the texts contained a warning that said: To those not of the craft

– the reading of this book is forbidden!  Proceed no further or justice will exact a

swift and terrible retribution – and you will surely suffer at the hand of the craft….

So basically, no muggles allowed.

This depressing book led to a spate of suicides 2 The Sorrows of Young Werther

The sorrows of Young Werther is a best selling book written by a 25 year old – Wolfgang

Von Goethe. The book was published in Germany in 1774 and is a semi autobiographical tale

of a failed romance told via letters from a man named Werther to his friend Wilhelm.

When Werther finds out his love has married another man, he borrows two pistols and shoots

himself, although he botches it and it takes him a grueling 12 hours to die. The book led

to some of the first known examples of copycat suicides. Men would dress in the same clothing

as Goethe's description of Werther and use a pistol to shoot themselves. Often the book

was found at the scene. After the books publication and the spate of copycat suicides, sociologists

began to suspect suicide may be culturally contagious.

At number one, this is the most interesting thing I learned today…… One author cursed

himself and everyone involved in its publication when he wrote this book because he is now

the target of a serious Iranian murder plot…. Salman Rushdie and the curse of The Satanic

Verses Salman Rushdie received a very very very intense

response from the muslim community for his fourth novel, the Satanic Verses. The book

In fact, the response was so intense that a Fatwa was ordered. For those of you that

don't know what that is, it is basically a death order – the currently value of which

is thought to be 3 million dollars. Issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the former

supreme leader of Iran, Rushdie became the target of a Muslim murder order. It wasb;t

just him, either, the Iranian government demanded the death of the author AND "all those involved

in its publication." While Rushdie wasn't hit, Hotoshi Igarashi, the books Japanese

translator was stabbed to death in 1991. the Italian translator, Ettore Capriolo was also

stabbed in July 1991 but he survived. The Norwegian publisher, William Nygaard was shot

three times in 1993 but survived and it is thought the Fatawa was behind a deadly fire

at a hotel in Turkey in which 35 people died. Salaman Rushdie is still alive but he is still

under police protection as some Muslims still want to kill him. Fatwas can only be retracted

by the person that issued them, and Khomeini is dead.

So guys that was the top 10 cursed books you should never read part 2! I found this list

really interesting and I hope you did too. Comments from part 1

A lot of you told me that you are reading both the Catcher and the Rye and Fahrenheit

451! Hopefully you'll stay sane – I'm just joking – with Fahrenheit it was just

one edition that caused all the issues, and with the Catcher and the Rye hopefully it

was just coincidence. DJI129 said: I'm reading Harry Potter and

the prisoner of akazaban? Good on you!

Imogen Cross said: I'm reading and writing my own book called two hearts one love?

For more infomation >> Top 10 Cursed Books You Shouldn't Read Alone - Part 2 - Duration: 11:55.

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The Real Reason Hooters Is Disappearing Across The Country - Duration: 5:07.

There's no denying that Hooters with its scantily-clad waitresses and looks-based hiring practices

has always targeted a certain client base.

It's hard to believe the chain's been doing it for more than 30 years, but according to

USA Today, Hooters is in a slump.

There's only one year in recent memory that the chicken wing slinger saw a sales increase,

and even then it was just one percent.

In 2008, there were 400 Hooters restaurants.

By 2011, 35 locations had closed and the company lost an annual revenue of more than $100 million.

According to Business Insider, between 2012 and 2016 they closed a further seven percent

of their locations.

So what's going on with this bro-centric chain?

Boycotts and protests

You know what's not good for any company's image?

People staging protests and picketing your plans to open new locations.

That's exactly what happened when Hooters announced it was expanding in the UK.

In 2010, protesters started campaigning against the imminent opening of a Hooters in Cardiff,

with one spokesperson saying,

"Everyone should have a job but they should be good jobs with dignity.

Not only is it a sexist institution, but it encourages a sexist culture."

According to The Telegraph, in 2010 British retailer Marks & Spencer was threatened with

boycott when a Bristol location announced they would sublet space to Hooters.

A Birmingham location was only open for a year before closing, and Sheffield's Hooters

got such strong opposition that it never even opened.

I just came to eat some wings.

And these people are out here telling me I'm a w--- and going to hell and stuff."

Times have changed

Hooters' message of objectifying women has never looked more dated than it does post-2017.

Thanks to movements like Me Too and Time's Up, the world is listening to women who are

sick and tired of suffering sexual assault and harassment in silence.

And that makes the hot pants and low-cut tops of Hooters' waitresses even more uncomfortable.

The presence of a Hooters restaurant and an increase in the potential for sexual assault

was connected by Cathy Jamieson, deputy leader of the Scottish Labour Party, who told The

Independent,

"Violence against women is a big problem, and these types of establishments do nothing

to promote equality of women in the workplace."

Psychological toll

Not only are we more aware of sexual harassment these days, we're also more aware of the damage

that can be done by objectifying women.

In 2015, faculty from the University of Tennessee's psychology department set out to discover

what impact working in a Hooters environment had on waitress's mental health, and the findings

were pretty disturbing.

According to The Conversation, all the waitresses they interviewed suffered from some degree

of depression, anxiety, anger, confusion, and feelings of degradation.

They also reported feeling demeaned on a regular basis, suffering from poor work relationships,

and becoming more susceptible to eating disorders.

Legal discrimination

Today, headlines are dominated with movements to give women equal rights, equal pay, and

equal opportunities… and that makes it pretty weird that Hooters is legally allowed to discriminate

during the hiring process.

Business Insider looked at why Hooters can get away with only hiring young, well-endowed

women as servers.

In 1997, two men sued the company after being turned away on the basis of their gender.

Hooters settled, but was not forced to employ men as servers.

The chain claimed it wasn't hiring waitresses, it was hiring "entertainers" who didn't interview

as much as "audition."

Hooters did agree, however, to offer some gender-neutral positions.

Casual dining

Part of Hooters' struggles is a decline in the industry that's also affecting its competitors.

Chains like Applebee's and Outback Steakhouse are closing, too, and these places all have

something in common: millennials just don't like their style.

According to Business Insider, millennials in particular are abandoning casual dining

restaurants in favor of fast-casual chains like Chipotle, meal delivery services, and

trendier new chains like wine bars.

In 2013, USA Today looked at how Hooters was trying to get more millennials in the door,

and the chain started by overhauling locations with new technology, outdoor seating areas,

and better AV systems for more sports.

Hoots

Another reason Hooters restaurants may keep disappearing is because in their place, their

parent company is trying out a fast-casual version of the chain called Hoots.

Hoots has a smaller menu and counter service for take-out and dine-in customers and Hooters

higher-ups are hoping that will get millennials in the door.

According to the Tampa Bay Times, they're also hoping that switching to employing both

men and women and dressing them a little more modestly will help shift their image to something

a bit more wholesome.

Depending on how well Hoots does, it could mean a few different things.

The two versions of the chain may coexist, or the entire chain might be rebranded into

Hoots.

Only time will tell if this fast-casual, more conservatively-dressed restaurant can save

the brand.