Here are the rarest and most horrible birth defects!
10 - Craniopagus Parasiticus
When pictures began to surface in 2005 of a young infant with an extra head attached
to her, many people were skeptical in whether or not this was real.
I mean wth photoshop you can make just about anything look real, right?
Maybe, but in this case, the photos you're seeing are the real deal.
Manar Maged was born in Egypt with a condition known as craniopagus parasiticus.
In craniopagus parasiticus, a parasitic twin head with an undeveloped body is attached
to the head of a developed twin.
Fewer than a dozen cases of this type of conjoined twin have been documented in literature.
This rare birth defect occurs in the womb when the embryo attempts to split.
Under normal circumstances, twins would be born.
When this happens, one embryo will dominate development, while the other's development
is severely altered.
The key difference between a parasitic twin and conjoined twins is that in parasitic twins,
one twin, the parasite, stops development during gestation, whereas the other twin develops
completely.
In February of 2005, 10-month old Manar received surgery to remove the extra head, which of
course was acting as a parasite of sorts.
While the surgery was initially a success, she required many more operations to remove
fluid from her brain.
Sadly in March of 2006 she passed away due to a brain infection.
Just surviving more than a year after the surgery was impressive.
Infants born with this defect usually die within hours, and of the few operations that
have been performed, Manar is the only one to even survive the surgery.
9 - Gastroschisis
This conditions sounds pretty freaking horrible, but it's actually pretty easy to fix.
Gastroschisis is a condition where a hole forms in the belly before birth, causing the
baby's intestines to stick out.
The muscles that make up the baby's abdominal muscles don't fully form which causes their
intestines to spill out when they're born.
This requires immediate surgery because exposed intestines and organs obviously have a big
risk of becoming infected.
Babies often require more than one surgery; only about 10 percent of cases can be closed
in a single surgery.
The general procedure is to simply tuck the protruding organs back into the opening and
apply a belly band pressure until the wound heals itself.
New advances have been pioneered in repairing the protruding bowel by placing a protective
"silo" around the intestine outside the abdomen, then slowly pressuring the herniated intestine
into the abdominal cavity.
This new procedure allows the bowel to return to its intended shape and location without
further traumatizing the infant with undue internal pressure.
The main cause for lengthy recovery periods in patients is the time taken for the infants'
bowel function to return to normal.
Current advances in surgical techniques and intensive care management have increased the
survival rate to 90%, in adequate settings.
The possibility of prenatal diagnosis through ultrasound allows the mother to be referred
to an adequate center where a c-section or induced natural birth can be performed before
term, and allow the immediate surgery to be performed on the newborn.
Now, what exactly causes this weird defect is still largely a mystery, though doctors
speculate it could be brought on by certain diets, medicines and environments during the
pregnancy.
8 - Anencephaly
Imagine a baby who's born without a skull, and is missing most of its brain.
Sadly that baby isn't gonna live for very long and they'll also have a frog like appearance.
Babies born with this condition usually die within hours of being born, though some may
stick it out for a day or two.
If there's a silver lining at all it's that they don't suffer at all.
A baby born with anencephaly is usually blind, deaf, unaware of its surroundings and unable
to feel pain.
Although some individuals with anencephaly may be born with a main brain stem, the lack
of a functioning cerebrum permanently rules out the possibility of a baby with this condition
ever gaining awareness of its surroundings.
Of course there are some outlier cases.
Take Stephanie Keene, for example.
Known as Baby K, she was born on October 13, 1992 and managed to live for for about two
and a half years, since she had just enough of a functioning brain to survive.
But she needed a lot of medical treatment to survive, which fueled an intense ethical
debate about what exactly constituted a person as the baby had no motor functions or quality
of life to speak of.
Her mother, understandably, wanted her baby to live and a court ruled that the hospitals
must provide assistance, such as mechanical breathing whenever she needed it.
Despite these efforts, Baby K passed away on April 5, 1995.
7 - Sirenomelia
This condition is also known as mermaid syndrome.
This remarkably rare birth defect occurs when a baby is born with their legs fused together,
giving them the appearance of a mermaid.
This condition happens approximately one out of every 100,000 live births, and is almost
fatal because of complications associated with abnormal kidney and urinary bladder development
and function.
However, there have been a few remarkable cases.
Shiloh Pepin was born in 1999 and amazingly survived for 10 years, despite having no bladder,
uterus, or vagina, and only part of her colon and kidney.
She never had an operation to fix her legs, so they remained fused together.
She was featured in the TLC documentary, Extraordinary People: Mermaid Girl.
She even went on Oprah and probably gained a huge following just from that appearance.
She lived quite a long life for her condition, passing away in 2009 from pneumonia.
The fact that she survived 10 years in her condition is pretty amazing.
Then there's Milagros Cerron, also known as the Peruvian Mermaid.
She was born in April of 2004 and underwent a successful surgery in March of 2005.
Amazingly she survived the surgery and in 2006 began taking her first steps.
6 - Conjoined Twins
Siamese or Conjoined twins are pretty rare.
As you probably know, this is when twins are born and joined in utero, meaning they're
attached to each other.
In many cases they're either stillborn or die soon after birth.
However, sometimes they live longer.
Probably the most famous pair of conjoined twins are Chang and Eng Bunker.
Born in Thailand in 1811, the two became well known for their condition.
The two brothers were attached at the torso by a band of cartilage and a fused liver.
In the early 19th century, there was no real way to safely separate them.
After defying the odds they lived a long, and mostly healthy life, performing in the
circus for a while, where they became known as the Siamese Twins...a term that's of
course still used today.
They eventually settled down in North Carolina and became U.S Citizens.
They even each got married and had kids, and lived to 62 years of age.
Well…..I guess was always at least a threesome!
ANYWAYS, with modern medical science being what it is, conjoined twins can sometimes
be safely separated.
In many instances though, a surgical separation can be very risky, and often puts the lives
of the twins at stake.
5 - Progeria
It's almost like the plot of Benjamin Button, but as they say, real life is stranger than
fiction.
Progeria Syndrome causes a child's body to age way faster than it normally would.
What's really puzzling about this one is that at first, everything seems normal.
The baby is born, the parents take it home and everythings seems good.
But during the first year, the baby starts to show really weird symptoms.
Symptoms such as limited growth, full-body hair loss, and a distinctive appearance.
That distinctive appearance is a small face with a shallow recessed jaw, and a pinched
nose.
As the child gets older, their body ages even faster.
They even start to get diseases that older folks get, such as heart disease.
As there is no known cure, children suffering from Progeria usually don't survive their
teens.
At least 90% of patients die from a stroke or heart attack.
Thankfully it's a very very rare disease and around only 1 in every 4 million babies
are born with this disorder.
It's caused by a mistake in the baby's genetic makeup that causes a protein known
as progerin to form in the cells, which breaks them down and causes the body to age way too
fast.
Interestingly enough their mind is fine during all of this.
4 - Facial Cleft
Back in may 2010, a Chinese baby was born with a double face, making it look like he
is wearing a mask.
He of course isn't wearing a mask, but rather suffering from a congenital facial cleft.
Not only are the baby's face muscles cleft, but his inside bones are cleft.
Doctors said judging from the current situation the baby was only suffering from the facial
cleft, and his intelligence should be normal.
The baby was determined to be needing at least two surgeries, which would sew up the clefts
on the surface skin, the deep muscle, and then reconstruct the facial bones.
There's no single strategy for treatment of facial clefts, because of the large amount
of variation in these clefts.
Which kind of surgery is used depends on the type of clefting and which structures are
involved.
There's also a lot of debate about the timing of reconstruction, as the problem with early
reconstruction is the recurrence of the deformity due to the intrinsic restricted growth.
This requires additional operations at a later age to make sure all parts of the face are
in proportion.
Fortunately, this is another extremely rare congenital anomaly that almost all babies
don't have to deal with.
3 - Polymelia
Imagine having extra limbs, such as the X-Men superhero named Spiral with six arms.
While having extra limbs may sound like a cool superpower, it's obviously not a blessing
in real life.
One of the most shocking cases was that of Lakshmi Tatma, a little girl born in India
in 2005.
She had four arms and four legs because she was actually an incomplete siamese twin!
Amazingly doctors were able to remove her limbs during a surgery that took 27 hours.
Polymelia is affects one in about a million babies.
The extra limbs are usually deformed and non functional, therefore often creating problems.
Believe it or not, this rare phenomenon is also possible with animals too.
There was Stumpy the four-legged duck from England.
Or there was the cow with a fifth leg jutting out its neck.
And let's not forget the 7 legged goat that we had talked about in one of our earlier
videos!
2 - Cyclopia
Like many of the conditions we've discussed in this video, Cyclopia is both extremely
rare and almost always fatal.
As you can obviously see, it's a birth defect that causes a baby to be born with only one
eye, as the eye sockets weren't separated in the womb and one eye usually forms on the
forehead.
Exactly just like Cyclops, which was who the name of this condition comes from, in case
you couldn't figure that one out.
This birth defect is so deadly because infants who are afflicted with it cant breathe once
they leave the womb, as many of them aren't born with noses to begin with.
In most cases, they die within minutes of being born, though some manage to live for
a day or so.
As rare as it is in humans, Cyclopia also occurs with animals, such as the cyclops shark
fetus discovered in the body of a shark caught in Mexico.
The unborn fetus was turned over for medical studies.
1 - Harlequin Ichthyosis
This is a skin defect that gives the appearance of newborn babies having a plate of armor.
It's very rare and pretty dangerous, as thick layers of skin form all over the body,
developing cracks that can lead to bacterial infections, which can prove to be fatal.
Learn more about Harlequin babies in this video!
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