two distant volcanoes wreak havoc
and destruction HAWAII lava
slides into a people predicting a
slow-motion disaster population
He received a notice about two weeks ago
the lava could randomly
Sumatra volcano has awakened after
500 years of dormancy
its cause terrifying eruptions
pyroclastic flows that devastate villages
and crops
Welcome back to more
spectacle of nature
[Music]
more you
active volcanoes on this planet winds
as aso mountain in Japan
or volcanic complex and jane in
Indonesia Here begins a journey to a
world sculpted by volcanoes
[Applause]
volcanic odyssey
in the way of a volcano
when you live on an active volcano
life has an element of
uncertainty
there is always the fear that your
home to be eaten by a
eruption
[Music]
for the villagers straw
the Big Island of Hawaii that time has
arrived
of the five volcanoes that formed the
two island still active one
He brings over 30 years spewing fire and
molten rock Kilauea volcano in
coat formed by the accumulation of
fluid layers washed
[Music]
its current eruptive phase began in 1983
most of the lava from
It ends at the sea where takes shape
solid and increases the size of the
island
but sometimes threatens the population
human
in 1990 he devastated the town of Kilauea
cal Havana but even years later
destroyed some houses had never
threatened any major town
until now
low is far from the usual route
following lava
but unexpectedly small
flow has diverted its course and heads
direct to the town residents
They contain the breath aware that
if not stopped will cause a disaster
Slow motion is the road
driving down and this is the point at
Lava could happen in the next
months
philip volcanologist pong works as
guide on the Big Island and has seen the
lava flows slowly approaching
many towns and villages shape
field directed flows in different
addresses the recent lava is very
fluid and follow the natural grooves
to the lowest points lava
Hawaiian has a peculiar way of
moving and solidify
fingers cooled are a frame and
They end up exploding and throwing small
lobes that are filling the area
who happened to be in danger it is a
surprise to neighbors as the
active vent from which the
washes the pus and is great
distance
usually flows cooled
long before reaching the village but
in this case the lava has been introduced
below the surface through a
large cracks
travel underground has allowed him
retain heat much longer to get
further and dangerously reappear
near pagoa
moving slowly so it is not yet
must evacuate the area is better to wait
And see what happen
the route will follow the lava is a
unknown since it is impossible to predict
What direction will flow or when
It stops an uncertainty that has
positive and negative aspects
when lava flowed from a crack and
He began to flow rapidly in this
address
We show us all the surprised
residents of nearby areas
they understood that he could reach
them with just one or two weeks
advance
but the flow was diverted and continued to
down without destroying their homes covering
about 300 meters a day would take about 5
days to get here but after
It is so slowed that we do not know
where it will go or how fast
while advancing lava community
together to address the crisis
the US Geological Survey's
government agency responsible
monitor the volcano is working
with local authorities
inform neighbors and ensure their
security
This is a map that you all know and
It indicates that passed is still on the road
I could go on the praise
progression rate of flow continues
varying and changing as long as a
overnight or week to week
any calculation that will do
wrong
the lava is getting closer so
that meetings have become more
Frequently almost everything is out of
our control so it is important
local leaders ask for advice
mercy and blessings even
Lava continues its march first
affected building could be the center
Transfer for recycling
if the flow is not stopped will cut the
road and leave without electricity
several communities
part of the power lines
supplies light to the people of straw and
entire section south of the island
in the affected area
flows could advance for years
This requires a quick fix and
permanent
operators placed new posts
much higher concrete and improve
isolation bases
finished works all contain
Lava breathing is about to
achieve transfer center
the first fingers cross the fence
the flow enters the parking lot and
It stops near the recycle tank
low to is safe but neighbors
They know it's only a victory
passenger is likely to flow
resume when his header recovers
pressure which could occur within
a few weeks or maybe a few days
lava has dramatically altered the
affected area and if further progress
the beautiful surrounding countryside for
whoa gone forever
the people here corduroy is a
perpetual testimony to the power
transformer volcano
this is the area rebuilt on
lava flow in 1990 swept here the
until
the distance we can see the emanations
crater
the flow flowed from there crossed the
people and created all this black rock about
15 years later a seeing lava
flowing in another direction
some regained confidence and
They returned to rebuild their homes
if lava progresses towards
down to the neighbors they will have to
leave their homes and start another
place
live on an active volcano means
accept its rules and when his strength
irrepressible are all must untie
be ready to collect their
belongings and move to a safe area
[Music]
90% lava covering kilauea
It is less than 1,200 years old
since his almost constant flow is
forming new layers have eruptions
created phantasmagoric landscapes
the fissure eruptions calls on the
information is as strange as this
arc lava was thrown into the air and
again he fell even liquid
when he landed and began to explode
dripping and forming lobes and needles here
two structures belonging to two
trees lava landed in the cup
burned leaves and formed a small
bridge to cover the branches also
we can see some growing plants
on this rock so porous that is what
they call in Hawaii creation centers
and destruction both go
hand
[Music]
These are trees washed bird carving
crack on that side sent a waterspout
lava swept all this small valley
and all the trees were buried
are now petrified trees were
high but the top was not
covered by lava and ended
the tree was burning
trapped inside this layer
Lava created a biological record
engraved in stone
This is a fossil horse living being
who created it in this case the tree longer
It exists but the mark left shows
who he was here sometime
past everything indicates that this eruption
It lasted only a few days but
He produced a large volume of wash
[Music]
lava kept flowing and ended
falling to a nearby crater which made
lowering the level it had reached
except in places where there were
attached to trees and flows
Low they threatened to have stopped but
That is about to change
in the distant peak activity it is
intensifying rising from the
deep underground magma
It melt accumulates in the reservoir and
begins to fill
pressure increases uncontrollably
and the boiling boiler swells as a
balloon
during the past centuries these cycles
constant part pushed kilauea
into the ocean creating a zone of
break addresses exceeding
100 kilometers to push the magma
above it requires so much pressure
washing fluid takes the easiest route and
It slips through the points
Weak underground fracture
Over the past 50 years, several
craters have been active to
Throughout this sometimes rupture zone
for a few days and sometimes for
decades as the crater
which erupted ago more than 30
years
This area has always been very active
He has even had lava lakes during
the last century quite often the
crater have washed again in 2008 and
since then it continues to grow
releasing gas and maintaining the pressure
although sufficient exhaust part by
opening to continue sending lava
puig or from the rupture zone
when the pressure increases Lake
washed rises producing an intense
brightness for several days after the
process starts
access is prohibited by ample
reasons the ground is unstable and
vents gases released very
dangerous
phil is directed towards the crater Napau that
It is located on the area of the
fracture and opposite the pu
[Music]
in pau it is the closest place
sure from which to watch the little heard the
emissions winds away and is
getting dark soon so we can
see the brilliance that flows from the top
hopefully the reflection of clouds and
steam or intensify the color orange
lava fills the forming crater
called lava lake that feeds the
underground system that transports
molten material to the front of
bright flow washes sometimes
visible through apertures in the
buoys land is a clear call
impossible phenomenon to see while
crater is active so decides phil
visit vent mauna 1
He was erupting from 1969 to 1974
[Music]
This is the summit of Mauna Hulu from
where we can see the level at which it was
the ground before the eruption
interior is filled with successive layers
ash formed by the released air and
by lava after flying over
Cone will fall again reported this
giant cascade washes all
debris ended up in the bottom of the
crater
this is the mouth of a lava tube
extinct these arteries carry the
molten material away from the vent
erupting and are one of the reasons why
where a shield volcano looks
over a hill to a large cone one
characteristic form of strata
whose most viscous lava volcanoes often
It is expelled with a violent explosion
[Music]
in this case
[Music]
a tube is formed when lava
solidifies on the surface forming a
frame but continues to advance
time lava flows
through the pipe passage opens into
down and produces a similar opening
this
the frame retains heat and that is
reason that the flow temperature
wash
between the site of the eruption and
ocean descends only about 5 degrees
a distance of between 9 and 14 km
Lava sometimes produced by a
eruption exceeds the capacity of the lake
excess spills and flows through a
channel
This is the channel through which flows
Lava maule when the lake
overflows downward washed at high speed
this channel and the channel hones
but sometimes exceeds the edges and form
thin layers for which I am
walking
Mauna hulu is located on the area
breaking the magma flowing under
soil can not be in circumstances
normal but there are signs that indicate their
when presence as rainwater
It filtered through the earth and after
It is heated by magma again
out vaporous
extinct lava tubes have been
used by the Hawaiian culture
often for centuries purposes
defensive
Y
this is a little not to a place of refuge
Hawaiians used tubes
washing to protect its storage
belongings and even to collect water
the inlet port is used to block in
part for a single warrior could
defend him with his spear
[Music]
the opening is so narrow that virtually no
to put on all fours to enter
when an enemy army approached
whole village took refuge here until
He is passing the danger caves
also they used as pantry
daily life
in lava tubes are extinct
They used for many things and collect
Water was one of them
Born in a small circle with rocks and
They placed a pumpkin in medium
He was collecting water falling from
ceiling
and this is where the ocean opens when
Hawaiians used this cave here
there was a wall but in 1975 a large
earthquake created this opening
when the flow ceases lava tubes
this is emptied and many others
ends in the ocean
[Music]
This was filled with water vapor but
cess flow when the tube end
Chilling and Hawaiians
they used as a shelter
[Music]
under a is again on alert
pressure increase in the crater
main kilauea has taken so
only five days to reinforce the flow
wash
washes that stood beside the
Transfer Center have resumed
forward and the Department of Defense
civil does not have good news flow
Progress has been made during the last 24 hours
to a nearly uniform velocity of about 10
meters per hour
and at times it has accelerated and
in others it has slowed to almost
stop but is active and continues
going forward
[Applause]
the first fingers reach a
major road warmth is so
intense than the asphalt starts
melt
boiling lava enters the forest
near
slow lava flows kilauea
inched
the inhabitants of this house have
a long time to say goodbye to her
the contact of a finger is
enough to start the fire
[Music]
If the flow could not stop
use the highway something that would prevent
the 8,000 inhabitants of pagoa
they could move to the rest of the island
the flow is still active and continues
progress I mentioned that it is very
difficult to predict with certainty how
it will take to reach the road
Pahor principal but if you keep
same route path and pace of
breakthrough could take 24 to 36 hours
lava slides destroying everything in its
step towards the main artery
Communication
[Music]
suddenly the lava seems
you lose heart and stops a few meters
Of the road
[Music]
but the threat has not gone away part
Flow has taken a new direction
and descends the slope line
straight into a large shopping mall
outside the village
at the current rate could reach him
in just two weeks
the inhabitants of pagoa continue
living to the vagaries of
Kilauea volcano that after more than three
decades shows no signs of eruption
fatigue
and now experiencing a stage overactive
with an eruption that lasted 32 and
History confirms that it is not uncommon
assets episodes of
shield volcanoes this area
can exceed 50 or 60 years
maunaloa for example through a period
asset in which lava flows
They lasted five centuries
more than 11,000 kilometers on the island of
sumatra volcano a long time asleep
He has returned to terrorize
Unlike Mount Kilauea
Sinabung is a stratovolcano when
erupting lava and dense
viscous accumulates at the top and forms a
lava dome
o no
increased internal pressure causes
the structure is inflated and that
sometimes comes to explode
When this occurs a deadly cloud
hot gases and superheated rocks
sliding down hill causing
Avalanche called pyroclastic flow
that burns and destroys everything
in its path
[Music]
1902 pyroclastic flows
monte sant pierre rampaged fight
martinica capital and killed more than
30,000 people
at least 147 Indonesian volcanoes lives
under constant threat
Andi Susanto is one of the guides
best known active volcanoes
Indonesia, which has more
field experience
Sinabung is now at level 3
equivalent to a state of alert
and it is indicating that it could trigger a
great eruption
If the pyroclastic flow may be
from here
Level 4 indicates the presence of a
major eruptive phase night launched
one of the largest pyroclastic coladas
and this morning around 5
Andy goes to the limits of
main exclusion zone with
volcano that produces this type of
eruptions must be very cautious
We are 4 km and 500 meters which in my
review is a safe distance
limit the danger zone is 4
km to the people living within
4 km from the summit they are no longer allowed
live there
the relief defines the exclusion zones
in this case a small river and a
throat should prevent the advance of
any pyroclastic wash
moderate magnitude could slide
from the volcano
[Music]
ah and we have placed on this place
because it is a safe distance and
because from here we can see the
explosions and pyroclastic coladas
which may lower down the slopes
in recent weeks a new
pulse has been flowing magma under
the lava dome and large blocks have
They have been pushed over the cliff
when the dome grows too the
pressure and gravity can cause
detachments suddenly a section
is torn
cover disintegrates releasing
gases trapped inside
large lava rocks break into
small pieces that are expelled from
wrapped volcano ash column
we have finally seen a rash with a
ash column has almost
kilometer and a half tall and has dropped
I started to disperse near the valley
Sinabung activity is now
very inverse
If the lava dome continues to swell
the next casting will be much greater
Sinabung awoke in 2010 after
more than four centuries of dormancy the
villages located in the danger zone
They were evacuated but a few months ago
some of its neighbors ignored
the warnings with tragic results
first affected village was located
about three kilometers from the summit
his name is Bakira and the second
calls his camerín
and both locations were hit
by pyroclastic coladas last
February and 14 people were killed
in indonesia any volcano
represents a risk is monitored by the
government agencies but the
prolonged sleep Sinabung made
They let their guard down
land fertilized by the volcano
They are a great attraction for
farmers
but when he awoke in 2010 was
must evacuate
[Music]
three thousand people had to leave their
houses and although authorities
They tried to relocate as many
possible largely it ended in a
refugee camp where everyone follows
waiting for new homes that
government promised to build
however when volcano calms down
many farmers return to their villages
to harvest crops then
sold in the market center
refugees
a huge part of rashness
life in Indonesia
the Karangetang is located north of
Celebes
andy visit an abandoned village was
He ravaged their pyroclastic coladas is
a very dangerous area this volcano takes
active long usually always
level 3 when it triggers a
pyroclastic surge there is no place
safe in which to hide next to the
debris travels a turbulent cloud
formed mainly of gases and
burning ashes
layer is very thick even
ground wave left a mantle 5 cm
thickness
here everyone had to be
always alert was dangerous the
Villagers were evacuated
and relocated and you are not allowed
to live here
was something terrible
the Karangetang is very active and
activity has not abated since
He began last May to day
today
[Music]
andy knows this first
hand he also lives near a volcano
famous for producing devastating and
lethal pyroclastic coladas
Mount Merapi is the most active volcano
Indonesian erupts every two
or three years and triggers a disaster
10 or 12 in 2010 caused more than 300
fatalities among which
He was a close friend and mentor
Andy Jumbled
[Music]
in this house I live accompanied by his
wife my dear master hubbub without
definitely one of the best friends I have
had
Whenever I have memories instantly
How was this place I close my eyes and
I feel I am in this room
I have the feeling talking to
he
in this part of the house was the room
room and here was the year the stable
livestock and in this other area
rear had installed the kitchen
I like this site because it is close
Volcano is my hobby and my profession
[Music]
ENBA pullo was the head of the club guides
Mount Merapi and was who conveyed
andy young and enthusiastic passion for
the volcanoes
then we talked a lot of merapi
in recent years its activity has
and increased its danger but
I have great respect for him because
He is an old man much wiser than I
Andy was away at the time of
eruption but he returned to see his friend
I remember the last time I visited him and
I talked to him I knew his wife
He had died he was in the
hospital care unit
intensive
and it was in very poor condition
and had 60 of his burned skin but its
andy only concern was where is
my wife and I could not stop mourn
[Music]
Andy was one of the first volunteers
who risked his life to help
the victims of that disaster
the husband of this woman who had returned
to the village to tend the crops
He was also caught by casting
pyroclastic aware of the danger
farmers face government
He decided years ago to build a bunker
underground that could protect them from
its deadly pyroclastic flows
Efficacy was tested during the
2006 eruption but unfortunately
It was a failure
the roof is about 5 meters thick
and very thick walls, but as confirmed
the rescue team could not protect
refugees from the terrible coladas
pyroclastic whose temperature ranged
between 800 and 1000 degrees
the scorching heat turned the bunker
in an oven and two people
took refuge in it were killed
now a macabre monument and
tourist attraction for visitors
Merapi killed a man in the room
bathroom and the other died here maybe
They tried to close the door too
late
perhaps they kept the door open for
to enter other people
and rescue teams used a
excavator and many people came to his
help everyone wanted to know the fate
victims
the bunker is not the only reminder
the danger of Merapi
this mountain fire has caused
thousands of fatalities yet
many still choose to live here and life
It depends on the volcano make money with
sand with rock and also with the
ash makes the soil much
most fertile in this substrate can grow
Anything concluded
all return to their homes for reasons
very simple
and its alert level was at 3 and
Indonesia vulcanology agency
seeing increased activity
raised its status to level 4 only
one week
but they return to feed their
won
and to check that their little
properties remain safe
[Music]
the villages destroyed by the eruptions
warn people of the dangers
of the volcano
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
It is about 13 km from the summit and although
many consider it a museum is a
private house belonging to the family
weeping who lost everything because of
a cast led pyroclastic father
all the shelter and after the eruption
They returned to collect what was left to
locals like to visit and
examine the contents of this museum
because they want to know what happened and why
They want to understand
exhibits reflect the
urgency of fleeing people in Hawaii
you can pick up your possessions before
move to another town but here all
She was abandoned this curious place
shows what happens when the heat
a volcano interacts with objects
man-made
also reminds us that against the
elemental forces of nature
We're almost helpless
this watch captured the exact moment of
disaster last major eruption
Merapi volcano occurred Friday 5
minutes after midnight on 5
November 2010, the purpose of this
family warn visitors
the dangers of Merapi and other
volcanoes
things like that
lares or mudslides are
occur when heavy rain
transport debris washes
Pyroclastic to streams and rivers
generating a lethal flow sediments
that can extend the reach of
eruption
in 1985 dollars caused by
Nevado del Ruiz eruption buried
the Colombian town of Armero and
They killed 23 thousand people in
Merapi 2010 generated a huge
avalanche of pyroclastic debris
It was dragged downstream blocked
Yogyakarta's main highway and
It caused the river will be diverted to the
city center
the council is still collecting
rubble and its neighbors continue
reliving that fateful night many
They remained in their homes despite the
evacuation order a decision
some as fourth Dad almost
to cost them their lives
I was at home when he arrived
az was submerged in the torrent and
water he came to the neck
ash surrounded the bottom of the
body and pinned overnight
He struggled to keep his head
water and seeing teams
rescue came not thought he would
die
He is carrying stones as large as
cars crashing into buildings
one slammed into the house of wharton
and diverting the flow of water stroke
so that saved his life others do not
They were so lucky many decided
but some room to move as Dad
They opted for reconstruction
everything we see here was part of
Her house is the living room was the
room where his family and the
They used to sit to watch TV
all that was buried by the sea
debris and materials
He is dragging in its wake Avalanche
mud but he decided to stay and that's
the building built after
the torrent to stay away this is what
It was after the passage of sea symbol
its destructive power
the authorities have learned that
only safe answer is to move the
people away from volcanoes
for farmers who inhabited the
Sinabung danger zone of the
reconstruction is a possibility very
distant
most have accepted the plan
involving government relocation
rehousing in developments built
by the army
[Music]
the first families already enjoy
their new homes in a well
away from the volcano
[Music]
those living in the border area
security and have become accustomed to
Sinabung growing evil genius
the distance separating their homes from
volcano lets them sleep peacefully
the night
but during the day they return to penetrate
in the most dangerous areas to care
their crops
Sinabung's future is unknown
eruptive history is still
incomplete and ignored the extent that
It could reach a major eruption by the
time is still very active
all right
[Music]
back in hawai neighbors pagoa
still they do not know if they must leave
Lava home is one block from
Mall
but luck is on their side and
flow again stops its advance
A few weeks later the threat
dispels the lava has changed direction
and it is now affecting an area
depopulated
But the inhabitants of this
community will never again feel
except kilauea
now know that a new attack
roaring volcano could destroy your
people forever
humans have shaped the
land at will
We have cut mown meadows and forests
paved natural spaces
create a world that suits our
but needs volcanoes continue
It is the irrepressible force than ever
we can take
[Music]
[Music]
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