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Summer, need to prevent encephalitis Japanese
Summer is also a time when many scurvy diseases appear, which should be aware of encephalitis Japanese.
This is an acute viral infection in the central nervous system, so there are many complications if not treated promptly (20% to 30% of patients with symptoms of encephalitis die.
30% to 50% of survivors continue to exhibit neurological, cognitive, or psychological symptoms).
Danger is so but the disease can be prevented if the parents pay attention.
Mode of transmission.
The Japanese Encephalitis Virus is a flavivirus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, usually a mosquito.
Wild birds (eg, heron) are the main reservoir of viruses in nature and pigs are the most important reservoir of livestock in the wild.
People are usually just random hosts of the virus. Transmission route is blood sugar, mediated by Culex mosquito.
In Vietnam, Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes breed strongly during the summer (especially from March to July), and are active in the evening.
This type of mosquito is high density in the delta and midland, it is the main infectious agent of Japanese encephalitis in our country.
High patient satisfaction with children under 10 years of age.
Adults with high antibody levels are therefore less susceptible.
Clinically, there are cases of Japanese encephalitis, such as:typical, meninges, hidden, marrow, stunted, paralyzed.
The transmission of Japanese encephalitis.
The typical of Japanese encephalitis.
Incubation period:5 to 14 days, average of 1 week.
Onset:The onset of illness is very sudden with a fever of 39 to 40 degrees Celsius or more.
Patients with headaches, especially the forehead, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.
In the first to two days of the disease appears hardened, increased muscle tone, eyeball disorders.
Psychiatric disorders may appear confused or unconscious.
The early days reflecting ribs tend to increase, the blood vessels dilate clear.
In some young children, in addition to high fever can be seen loose, abdominal pain, vomiting like bacterial contamination - eating poisoning.
Full-blown period (3-4 days to 6-7 days):On the third to fourth day of illness, symptoms of onset are not reduced but increased.
From the delirium of excitement, overcast at first, gradually the patient goes into coma deeper.
Symptoms of neurological disorders also increase:excessive sweating, redness at the skin, redness, dyspnea and increased airflow in the bronchial gas, so that when listening to the lungs can see many whistling, Snoring and snoring.
Circuits in patients are often fast and weak.
The cranial nerves are also vulnerable, especially the labeling strings (III, IV, VI) and VII strings.
Respiratory distress syndrome leads to rapid shallow breathing, excessive bronchial secretion and possibly lung pneumonia or lobar pneumonia.
Period of recovery (from day 7, 8 onwards):Usually the second week, infection syndrome toxicity and brain syndrome, meningitis gradually.
However, focal neurological damage is more pronounced than before.
Patients may suffer from paralysis or paralysis of cranial nerves or motor coordination disorder.
This period may appear early complications such as bronchitis, pneumonia or bronchitis due to multiple infections.
Pyelonephritis, bladder due to pee or drainage; Ulcers and inflammation of veins due to lying and disordered nutrition.
Complications and sequelae.
From the second weekend onwards is a period of complications and late sequelae.
Late complications may include:inflammation, pyelonephritis, bladder, bacterial ulcer, sympathetic disorder, metabolic disorders.
Delayed sequelae can occur after several years or even decades, which are often epilepsy and Parkinson's.
The advice of the physician.
This is a viral disease so there are currently no specific therapies that primarily treat symptoms, including cerebral edema, convulsions against convulsions
Control of temperature, circulatory support, respiration, prevention of superinfection and nutrition, anti-ulcer.
It is important that the disease be treated in a specialized medical facility.
Japanese mosquito-borne encephalitis is dangerous because of the high mortality rate, leaving severe neurological sequelae.
The best preventive measure is vaccination, however, if only one injection is not effective protection.
Two injections of 80% protection effect; All three shots are 90% to 95% for 3 years.
In addition, people need to pay attention to environmental hygiene, keeping clean house, clean sheds to mosquitoes without shelter.
Should sleep on the screen, do not allow children to play near the barn, especially at night to prevent mosquito bites.
When there are signs of high fever along with symptoms of central nervous system damage such as headache, especially forehead, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, appear hard stool ...
Need to take your child right to the medical facility for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
In our country, according to some clinics, the death rate from Japanese encephalitis has been reduced to about 10%.
Mortality usually occurs within the first 7 days of a patient with coma, convulsions, and traumatic brain injury that lead to severe respiratory or cardiovascular disorders.
Mortality in later stages is mainly due to special complications such as:pneumonia, exhaustion.
Patients who pass may leave life-threatening sequelae or mental disorders.
Therefore, vaccination for Japanese encephalitis vaccine is the best prevention.
Can be used for all ages, priority for children from 1 to 5 years old in the circulation.
Dosage:children under 36 months:0.5ml / dose; Over 36 months:1ml / dose.
The basic immunization is 3 doses:the second dose is 2 weeks from the first dose; 3rd dose a second dose of 1 year.
Repeated injection:3 years injections 1 ml 1ml to maintain immunity (subcutaneous injection into delta muscle).
Doctor:Tran Kim Anh.
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