City electric buses were the main topic of this year's bus exhibitions
at European public transport fairs
and commercial vehicles
in Berlin and Hanover.
So far, manufacturers have shown the widest range of products,
ranging from few-meters-long vehicles,
passing through standard 12-meters-long buses
and ending with articulated vehicles.
In this episode, we will see an overview of new battery buses
and proposed technologies for charging them.
Let's watch!
Electric buses conquer Europe 2
Ordering a battery bus of micro or mini class
is no longer a problem.
Vehicles of this type have been shown by manufacturers from Turkey, Austria and Germany.
Among smallest ones was almost 6-meters-long Karsan Jest,
carrying 26 passengers on board.
The partner of Turkish company is BMW,
whose engine and batteries with a maximum energy of 88 kWh
are on board of little Karsan.
These are, moreover, components known from i3 passenger car.
Largest battery pack is providing 210 kilometers of range
and technically vehicle is ready for uphill climbs with a gradient of 25%.
Electric Kutsenits is produced on basis of VAN from Nissan
- e-NV200.
The vehicle is made in two versions
- shorter and longer,
which will take 9 to 26 people on board.
Orion from company E-vade
is in turn building city buses based on Fiat Ducato vehicles.
Bus is already 1.5 meters longer than its predecessors,
fully low-floor
and on seats will ride 16 passengers.
With a 72 kWh battery,
manufacturer declares a range of 160 kilometers.
So in case of small class of buses
energy consumption is declared between 0.4 and 0.5 kWh per km.
Japanese Hino producer will move us into a completely different reality of electric buses.
7-meters-long minibus can provide passengers with 11 seats
and in total 36 people will travel by this bus.
An interesting solution is reclining seats with a backrest,
which in case of a small number of passengers
and lack of people on wheelchair,
you can unfold and sit comfortably.
Of course, if passenger's body parameters will be close to Japanese.
We are moving to segment of slightly larger vehicles
- MIDI class -
where next Turkish proposals for city buses have been.
Karsan Atak Electric is just over 8-meters-long.
A set of batteries with a total energy of 220 kWh
should give a very large range of up to 300 kilometers.
Even larger batteries were installed
in BMC 8.5-meters-long Neocity Electric bus.
Samsung's lithium-ion batteries
with a total power of 266 kWh were put inside that vehicle.
Naturally, largest selection of electric buses was among MAXI class,
so standard buses with a length of about 12 meters.
Some manufacturers have put on heavy batteries with a high energy of over 300 kWh.
This is the case, for example, in French, Dutch and Turkish electrobuses.
Heuliez presented a vehicle with a streamlined,
futuristic design prepared for BRT networks.
Ebusco continues to develop the brand
- we saw a preview of vehicle in version 2.2.
On other hand, Temsa, along with Avenue Electron model,
focuses on energy recovery
thanks to a 4-program shift switch
that provides up to 70% energy recovery.
These were demonstration vehicles, while Czech SOR
has already shown a production model for city of Hradec Kralove.
Electrobus has 225 kWh batteries.
In total, order includes 20 buses
and it was until now largest delivery of battery buses for city in the Czech Republic.
Volvo with a vehicle called electric hybrid
proposes a slightly different approach to electrification of bus transport.
Basic bus drive is electric
and powered from a small 19 kWh battery.
Bus in this way can drive around 10 kilometers on battery.
Second mode of operation is also important
- when drive is supported by combustion engine during period of increased energy consumption.
From a classic hybrid, vehicle therefore distinguishes basic electric operation mode
and possibility of recharging bus battery on route.
Swedish manufacturer, to maximize use of electric mode,
proposes to install on loops pantograph chargers
with a high charging current.
Just like we saw Russian trams at Berlin fair,
a Russian electric bus was presented in Hannover.
Vehicle was created for sure to be impressive.
Inside it is distinguished by led edges of platforms in passenger area
and outside, there are animated information boards.
Russians also boast about a 30% reduction in weight of body compared to classic bus,
which translates into a low energy consumption
of 0.8 kWh per kilometer covered.
Columbus electric bus
is a result of project of many European suppliers of components and technologies.
Key to the efficiency of this vehicle is energy-efficient components
prepared in three sectors:
communication and information technology,
automotive engineering and energy management.
Among companies involved in project are manufacturers of heating,
air-conditioning, security, charging,
software and equipment components.
These elements were built in construction of German bus
Göppel go4city12.
One of the most interesting vehicles was presented by a new player on bus market
- Alstom concern dealing in energy and transport industry sectors.
A manufacturer known for rail rolling stock presented a very bold bus design
that would make even better use of potential of vehicles moving on rubber tires.
12-meters-long Aptis has atypically spaced axles,
front one just next to the front
and rear just next to rear wall.
Axles work independently and each wheel can be separately controllable
or all can operate in interlocking mode,
thanks to which unusual maneuvers are possible,
such as a parallel drive to the edge of stop.
This allows vehicle to be set evenly to platform edge
and minimizes distance between curb and bus entrance.
Vehicle also uses experience known from trams,
including large window surfaces
and as a result a very bright interior was obtained.
However, used construction prevented development of a 100% low-floor vehicle
- floor behind third door was raised to three steps.
Solaris in Berlin showed two electric vehicles.
First of them is a battery bus for a carrier from Frankfurt am Main.
It can be said that it is quite a standard electrobus,
with two engines mounted on wheel hub of drive axle
and 240 kWh batteries.
Plug-in chargers from Polish Medcom company
with a power output of 40 kW are supplied with vehicles.
World premiere at fair also included Solaris trolleybus in fourth generation design of bus.
Vehicle for Gdynia (Polish city),
in addition to usual mode of charging power by electricity collectors,
is also equipped with its own energy source
- 58 kWh batteries,
which will allow you to drive 40-50 kilometers without power from traction network.
Gdynia ordered a total of 30 trolleybuses of 4th generation:
14 standard and 16 articulated,
which are going to be a complete novelty in trolleybus fleet in this city.
Leading European manufacturers
have long waited for production of electric buses.
MAN presented an experimental articulated bus two years ago
and at this year's fair appeared with prototype of a serial battery bus of a standard length.
Company proposes a plug-in vehicle
with huge 480 kWh battery packs
to guarantee coverage of over 200 kilometers.
Serial production of Lion's City E model
is to be launched in Starachowice in second half of 2020.
Standard production of electrobuses, however, was much faster prepared by Mercedes.
Premiere eCitaro model is equipped with aforementioned two ZF engines
mounted in wheel hubs
and 243 kWh batteries.
Configuration is here almost identical with Solaris Electric for Frankfurt.
Mercedes, however, has a very skeptical approach to range.
A high energy consumption of 1.6 kWh is envisaged
and in summer conditions it is possible to drive 150 kilometers on a single charge.
Interestingly, there are 26 USB sockets installed in interior for charging devices by passengers.
Production of serial Mercedes eCitaro
was announced at end of 2018
and manufacturer has already secured the first deliveries to Berlin and Hamburg.
We have already seen Chinese electric bus manufacturers at fairs in Germany,
but this year there have been new releases of previously shown products.
San Bus King by CRRC is a standard low-floor bus.
Interior configuration has been adapted to expectations of European operators.
Manufacturers from China also boast a full range of electric vehicles
from mini vehicles
to articulated buses.
To not look far for it, we will look at BYD exhibition.
Two buses are shown here with most important dimensions on market,
namely standard model and 18-meters-long articulated one.
BYD has definitely changed appearance of vehicles,
both external and internal.
It must be admitted
that Chinese vehicles now comply more closely with European standards.
Unique electric bus
was presented by Van Hool
along with Qbuzz operator,
participating in EU HighVLOCity program.
Vehicle does not have huge batteries on board
and is powered by current produced from hydrogen fuel cells.
Advantage of hydrogen bus is 450 kilometers range on one fueling,
which will allow you to run bus calmly throughout the day.
Vehicle has interesting construction, it is 13-meters-long
and three-axle.
There are hydrogen tanks on the roof of bus
and by-product of burning hydrogen is water.
Hydrogen supplying buses is, moreover, obtained as a by-product in chemical industry.
As part of project, 2 experimental buses of this type were produced.
Vehicles on board will take 110 passengers
and they run every day in Groningen in northern Holland.
Electric articulated buses are increasingly being ordered,
so offer from manufacturers is also growing.
We have already seen Sileo producer at previous edition of fair,
but this brand has also undergone a facelift.
Manufacturer on offer has even a 25-meters-long electric bus
with a declared range up to 300 kilometers,
which would take 210 passengers on board.
Dutch VDL also showed an articulated vehicle
that could have been tested live
on an external display.
Vehicle was prepared in configuration of Bus Rapid Transit system
for Karlstad in Sweden.
Bus is equipped with up to 12 folding seats.
Not only Solaris exhibited trolleybus at fair,
the same was in case of Iveco.
In this way, we head to longest battery vehicle presented at fairs,
because it is 18-meters- and 40-centimeters-long.
Concept of vehicle's operation is the same as in case of Solaris
- when connected to traction network using a fixed power supply for driving and charging battery,
while driving with the lowered collectors
- driving on energy accumulated in batteries.
This action should bring a number of benefits,
starting from lack of need to use heavy and expensive batteries with high energy,
passing through possibility of using trolleybuses to serve central areas
where traction network is not desired
or to simplify intersections with tram traction
and ending with a simple connection option and disconnecting from network
during passenger exchange at bus stop.
Two years ago, for the first time at fair,
electric buses were presented in such a large number,
but in most cases they were 12-meters-long buses.
Today, market already has a virtually complete range of vehicles
and it is up to operator to choose whether it needs a several-meters-long minibus,
vehicle of midi, maxi or mega class.
In case of battery vehicles, this is not the only one choice,
because with configuration of bus equipment,
operator also decides on charging infrastructure.
Manufacturers today present a wide range:
slow or fast plug-in charging in bus depot,
pantograph quick charge on loops or stops,
charging battery trolleybuses from overhead contact lines
or getting power from hydrogen fuel cells.
As you can see there are many possibilities,
each of them has specific advantages and disadvantages,
which requires analysis
for a given transport network.
A side effect of development of battery vehicles
has become a chance for development of trolleybus traction.
Polish trolleybus cities already today use possibility of charging batteries in motion
and driving on them through sections where there is no permanent power supply.
This increases operability of trolleybuses
and at the same time provides possibility of their peaceful operation
throughout the day servicing passengers.
In this direction, an experiment is also being carried out in Czech Prague
with implementation of electrobuses.
Perhaps for some cities striving for electrification of urban transport,
it would be a wise idea to create new trolleybus network?
Meanwhile, thanks for your attention
and see you next time.
Bye!
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