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The world as we know is vast and yet still much undiscovered

It has so many different beings cultures and feelings with different perspectives of life and today here on FTD facts

We look at a country that has its own unique

Perspectives its unique culture while still being part of the major Arab world and community today

We dive into a country filled with a hard-working people with a history that has helped it grow

To become the powerful nation. It is known as today today

We introduce you to the amazing people culture and country of Oman. Hey everybody. How's it going?

Dave Walpole here and welcome to FTD facts the channel where we look and explore different cultures

communities and countries from around the world

Now today as you can see from the title and from the opening introduction

we are going to be talking about the great country known as

Oman which might be a little different from your country in my country

But we should understand what it's all about

and also throughout this video if you guys are liking it and you want us to talk about

Oman more in the future just hit those like buttons because if we get over

5,000 likes then we generally keep an eye on our videos to do a part two on them, but let's get started

Let's look at the great country of Oman. Now. First of all, we always like to look at population

because as of 2010 which it's the last census was recorded it had approximately

2.7 million people, but since

2016 first of all

The growth rate really has changed

Since then and because of that the 2016 estimate has the population at approximately four million

Four hundred and twenty four thousand seven hundred and sixty-two people making this country ranked actually

125th in the world when it comes to population by the country now some people around the world may have a hard time recognizing or

Identifying where Oman is on a map

But truth be told it shouldn't be that hard because it's actually a really large country as a matter of fact

It's it's at 70th in the world

And when it comes to its land size that equates it to approximately three hundred nine thousand five hundred kilometers

Square and as for its water percentage, which we usually talk about with countries unfortunate

it's negligible because there's not a lot of water within the country now with that if we were to combine the

population with the land size it has a density of

Approximately 15 people per square kilometer and this makes its density ranked at 200 14th in the world

Now you may think that's not a lot, but it's still a growing nation

As a matter of fact its population is really shot up in the last couple of years

So that'll probably change in the future years as well

now one thing that really shook me was the type of government that actually is within Oman and it's actually listed as a

parliament sort of government which I was like what its official title is a

unitary parliament with absolute monarchy basically meaning that it does have a king but in the arab world they call that a sultan and

courtesy of one of our fans Maha Singh Ranger

The Sultan of Oman is Qaboos bin

Saeed Al Sayed who is actually from what I heard is an unmarried ruler

And as for this particular Sultan, he's got a rather interesting history. This is because Qaboos bin Said al Sayyed

Actually overthrew his father say he'd been timer in a coop in 1970

And as of the recording of this video, he's been in power for over 48 years making him one of the longest rulers currently

But of course you can't beat queen elizabeth ii she's got like a lot of years on him

but however

that also makes Qaboos bin Sayed

Al-sayed the longest current ruler in the Middle East now when you think of Oman you may wonder yourself

Well, how is the land actually divided up does it have you know provinces does it have states like the United States?

What do they have that governs regions? Well, believe it or not

Oman actually does have provinces but they don't work the same like they do in countries like say Canada

We're basically like in my country of Canada you have the country and then you have provinces and territories

And then right after that you have counties cities

Towns and stuff like that and for Oman

It's divided into 11 govern orit's and within all the combined govern orit's there's approximately 61

provinces also known as Willa yets

and as for the largest governor in Oman

It is de for having a land size of 99 thousand three hundred square kilometres and as for the largest

Population when it - these governor it's well

it's actually kind of hard to say because there's not really been a

actual from what I hear an official report of all the governorís

But however from the ones that have been the Muscat governor it has approximately 1.5 million people

But this is because this particular governor

It actually is home to Muscat which is the largest city in the entire country

and the only city that is classified as a metro in the entire country as well Muscat is also designated the capital city for

Oman with a population of 1.2 million people as it stretches across a land size of

3500 square kilometers which includes six provinces or cities aka will yes

It should also be noted that

Muscat is one of the oldest major port cities in the entire world and has been established as a major port and

Trading ground since at least to the 1st century

BCE and what I find fascinating is it doesn't just stop there because it even dates

way further back to even the 6th century BCE and this is all due to the discovery and findings of

fishermen burials within the region now one thing that I find very

Fascinating about when we look at different countries from around the world is that we learn that there are different rules. They're different regulations

They're different cultural traditions that other countries might not agree with that

you know exist within those particular nations and one of these rules is the fact that homosexuality is

Considered illegal within the country and on top of that for Oman torture is also considered

Accepted within the country. And the reason for this is keep in mind guys

Some of you guys may not agree with it, but that doesn't mean everybody in Oman is like yeah

We're for this or against it

It's because the salton does make particular rules that some people might agree with some people might not agree with it

So that's kind of the way it is within the country

however

One thing that is a major nono within Oman is that you cannot criticize the salton in any shape or form?

Don't even think of insulting them because you can get in serious trouble for it

And this is such a severe law that historically some people have gotten in trouble for making inappropriate

Tweets about the Sultan and they have faced a fine or even jail time

But however to get around these certain rules that govern protests the people of Oman have done some pretty interesting ways to express their political

disagreements and what people have done within the countries they've actually used

Donkeys as mobile billboards to express their thoughts and emotions as well when it comes to the laws within Oman

It's also important to know that you need permission from the government if you want to marry a visitor now

Of course, if you're outside of the country, you don't really need to get permission from the government

But the downside is is if you marry somebody and you're from the country and you say like went to the United States you married

Somebody if you came back to the country you could get in serious

Trouble and you could not be allowed back into the country as well

But either way guys

Let's move away from some of the negative laws and things like that that are within the country and let's just talk about some other

Interesting facts about Oman itself and one thing when it comes to Oman

it is actually considered a very rich country with a

GDP of one hundred and eighty nine point five eight two billion dollars and a GDP per capita of

Forty six thousand four hundred seventy five dollars making it ranked 66th in the world and to break it down even further

Let's take a look at how this country generates money

Not internally

But through exports the exports of Oman sit at sixty first in the world with twenty seven point one billion dollars

And of course you guessed it oil is one of the biggest things within the country

This is because crude petroleum comes in at forty seven percent of all the exports

There's petroleum gas at nine point eight and refined petroleum at eight point two percent

now the biggest buyers of all this oil is China and of course South Korea and although the United States is a smaller buyer in

2009 they actually signed an agreement to allow free trade within the two countries as for imports

They sit at approximately twenty eight billion dollars ranking 63rd in the world

Now their biggest imports our cars coming at 11%

with approximately

58 percent of that coming from Japan and 11 percent coming from the USA and other places from around the world on top of that

they also have refined petroleum as an import of

7.6% and gold is a big one at 2.1 percent

Now did you know at one point the people from Oman or Oman ease as they're sometimes called?

We're considered the greatest ship builders in the entire world

And of course, they may not have that title today, but historically they were one of the biggest countries to produce ships around approximately

4500 BC

they were known for creating the reed boats to trade between

their country and India and around that time too far was considered a major booming trade port for the country and by the 18th in

The 19th century the people of Oman had become known as the world's best

Shipbuilders now here's a really interesting fact that also came from one of our fans according to Shaw 7-6 8 on Instagram

He said that there is approximately no coca-cola products within the country

Now you may wonder why well, first of all, you can actually get coca-cola within the country

But you got to go to like a very special place for it like a really expensive

swanky hotel because the biggest product within the country is actually Pepsi and as for the most popular drink

Well, that is considered Mountain Dew. This is why I like Oman because I love mountain dew

Oh good. And because mountain dew is the number-one drink that is purchased within the country

It is sometimes referred to as Omani alcohol speaking of alcohol. Can you drink in Oman?

That is a big question that some people ask now if you live in Oman and you want to drink within the country you can

Actually do this but one thing that's unique is you actually have to have a license if you're a tourist

I think that's a little bit of a different story. But one thing for sure is you cannot drink in public

That's a big no-no and for the people who live within the country to get this license

They have to apply at the Royal Oman police

And of course you have to be over 21

But the reason for this license is because alcohol is heavily controlled within the country and ask for a person that lives on Oman

They're not allowed to spend over ten percent of their monthly income on alcohol. So there you have it guys

That is a look at the country known as Oman sure. We probably missed some facts

But hey, if you guys want us to do a part two first of all

let us know some more facts down there in the comments section below and

of course hit the like buttons so we know how many of you guys want to see a future video on top of that if

You guys know more facts that I did miss

You guys can hit me up on Instagram the link for that is in the description box below

And yeah, if I use your fact boom, I'll give you a shout-out in a video because that's how we do

we like to learn with you while teaching you at the same time helps us get a

hands-on sort of kind of actual somebody living within the country perspective of

The countries that we talk about that makes sense

I hope it did but on top of that guys if its first time here and you like learning about different cultures and things from

Around the world hit that like button because that's what we do here

But either way you learned a lot about the beautiful and elegant country of Oman a country that not long ago

Didn't even have a single hotel within the country but is now flourished to become a major place of tourism

It is a country that has a unique history and a unique way of doing

Things that may seem strange to the rest of the world

This is the people culture and country of Oman a moving machine with a destiny that will push it beyond its

desolate and sandy deserts

Thanks for watching guys, all right

so by the way

Here's some other videos for you guys to check out because we got some really awesome stuff that you guys will like trust me

It's so good to learn about other countries and really educate yourself

Because when you tell your friends about some cool stuff around the world

You just feel enlightened and smarter and we all want that right?

So hit the subscribe button check out other stuff, and we'll see you in the next one. Bye. Bye

For more infomation >> More Than 10 Incredible Facts About Oman - Duration: 12:30.

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Why Do Students In Japan Clean Classrooms | Insane Japanese School Rules - Duration: 7:52.

We went looking for strange rules at schools around the world and discovered that at Longhill

High School in the UK the rules are nothing out of the ordinary.

Students aren't allowed to smoke in school, no running in the halls, etc.

But things get stricter when we hear students can't wear jewelry, nor can they use their

phones unless it's break, or lunchtime, and they are in a "Phone Zone."

Westlake high school in New Zealand tells its students they can't have visible tattoos

and they shouldn't bring knives or pornographic material to school.

N.K.

Public School in Jaipur, India, doesn't want its female students to wear fancy ribbons

in their hair- and just in case anyone still owns these things- bringing CDs, VCDs, or

DVDs to school is forbidden.

But as you probably know, the Japanese often do things differently.

Today we'll find out how, in this episode of the Infographics Show: Most Insane Japanese

School Rules.

Respect It's a Japanese custom to show respect,

and that certainly counts in the classroom.

When students greet a teacher they must bow, which isn't really anything unusual if you

know Japan.

But there are unwritten rules, such as students can't sit on tables as that is impolite.

One former English teacher wrote in the Irish Times that you must learn etiquette in Japanese

schools, and that includes using a more formal Japanese when you meet the bigwig, the principal.

He said his students were always courteous and polite and the worst thing he ever had

to deal with was students falling asleep.

This is a far cry from most schools in the west.

No subs In the west students often take advantage

of their substitute teacher, either by not studying or just being a pain in the backside

for the poor sub.

Well, in Japan you will rarely see a substitute teacher.

If a teacher doesn't turn up students are expected to sit quietly and study.

According to some sources, that's exactly what they do.

While not an insane school rule, it certainly seems pretty crazy for most Westerners.

Everyone's a Cleaner In most schools around the world you might

catch a glimpse of the janitors as they arrive after school, but in Japan the students are

expected to get down on their hands and knees and clean.

The Japan Times tells us cleaning or "o-soji" is something all students must do, though

the school still hires professional janitors.

The writer says that while the kids do an ok job, they don't clean so well that you

could eat your lunch off the floor.

The writer, a former teacher in a Japanese school, said student cleaning happened 4 times

a week and each session lasted for 20 minutes.

Student's don't just clean their own class either, but are expected to clean other areas

of the school as well.

Shoes Off A student's cleaning job might not be that

hard, because in Japanese schools you should take your outdoor shoes off and exchange them

for your indoor shoes that you keep in your locker or on a shelf.

It's the same when you go to the gym, you must have a separate pair of indoor gym shoes.

Hmm, that could get expensive.

Get Smart Ok, so many schools have rules about appearance,

but Japan takes it a step further.

It may change from school to school, but one blogger wrote that when she taught in a Japanese

school students had to follow very strict rules regarding how they looked.

It goes without saying that uniforms must be worn, and they must not look ragged- even

when you are wearing your uniform outside of school.

If you are a boy, you cannot have long hair, even in the back- so no mullets!

Girls can't wear scrunchies and hair bands can never be tied around the wrist.

On top of that, no makeup, no hair dye, no nail polish, no colored contacts, no plucked

eyebrows, and definitely no wearing of necklaces, rings, watches, or earrings.

It gets crazier.

In 2017 The Japan Times wrote that one 18-year old girl was suing her school because the

school had threatened her with expulsion if she didn't dye her naturally brown hair

black.

The school thought her natural hair was already dyed.

Don't fall in love One American blogger who worked as a teacher

in a Japanese school said his school banned "romantic involvements."

The Japan Times writes that this was a rule for a long time but it didn't stop Japanese

school kids from dating.

In fact, surveys show that many students were at it.

Sometimes these relationships weren't great, with women's rights organizations saying

a lot of these affairs involved "violence, coercion and restrictions."

One survey found that "27 percent of the female students said they suffered psychological

violence such as verbal abuse."

Maybe dating should be allowed, but teachers and parents should talk to kids about how

it should be done.

No Late Nights In Japan students have curfews, and that usually

means they cannot be outside on the streets after 10pm.

In Tokyo it's 11 pm, and the police will pick you up if you violate curfew.

According to the Japan Times many of the arrests (picked up but not charged) were of foreign

kids that just couldn't follow the rules after coming from countries where staying

out late is a given.

The paper wrote in 2015, "Last year, in karaoke parlors alone, Japanese police picked

up more than 18,000 minors and brought them in for guidance against smoking and staying

out too late."

If you are young and going to Japan, you might want to read up on the rules.

Be on time Arriving late to school in Japan, even by

a couple of minutes, is a much worse offense than it is in most western schools.

Each school has its own rules, but if a student comes late a few times that could mean being

given a week of very early morning cleaning duties.

Sit straight and eat up In Japan lunch is usually served in the classrooms.

And while Japan is famous for serving excellent nutritional food (maybe that's why Japanese

people live so long) students are also made to follow standards of etiquette and are expected

to finish their well-balanced meal.

That's not a rule, but wasting food is looked down on.

One website writes this about lunchtime, "All of the students come prepared for lunch with

reusable chopsticks, a cloth placemat and napkin, a cup, and a toothbrush."

Yep, you have to clean those teeth as well as clean the room.

Overtime Until 1992 students were going to school six

days a week, Monday through Saturday..

The 6-day week was still a thing with some students after 1992, but it wasn't by law.

Japan Today wrote in 2013, "Nationwide, 1,100 elementary (5.7%) and 590 junior high

schools (6.4%) are conducting classes on Saturdays."

However, Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, has

over the last few years been mulling over a reintroduction of the 6-day week for everyone.

Would that suit you?

Get off your phone Throughout Japan most schools will not allow

students to use a phone inside the school.

They can have them and use them outside the school, but certainly not indoors.

Some schools have banned even just bringing phones to school..

One city, Kariya city in Aiichi prefecture, took that a step further, banning any student

under the age of 15 from using a phone after 9pm anywhere in the city.

You'd be in a lot of trouble there if caught out after 10pm taking a selfie of your newly

plucked eyebrows.

Do you think you could live with these rules?

Which would be hardest not to break?

Are they a good thing or a bad thing?

Tell us what you think in the comments, and as always, please don't forget to like,

share and subscribe.

For more infomation >> Why Do Students In Japan Clean Classrooms | Insane Japanese School Rules - Duration: 7:52.

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Rosa (Leticia Colin) está virando uma vilã cada vez melhor na novela Segundo Sol. Compactuando com a - Duration: 6:13.

Rosa (Leticia Colin) está virando uma vilã cada vez melhor na novela Segundo Sol

Compactuando com as maldades de Laureta (Adriana Esteves) e Karola (Deborah Secco), ela também começará a influenciar Valentim (Danilo Mesquita)

+ Nos próximos capítulos, para proteger a sua "sogra", com quem está mancomunada, ela o fará mentir para o próprio pai

A ex-prostituta pedirá que ele não diga a Beto (Emilio Dantas) que todo o dinheiro acumulado em sua conta bancária, R$ 15 milhões, não fora desviado por Karola

A vilã raspará toda a conta, disposta a fugir do país e partir para Paris com Remy (Vladimir Brichta), mas desistirá de tudo no caminho e voltará arrependida

Laureta então ordenará que Rosa convença Valentim a não contar nada sobre o roubo a Beto

"Isso aqui é uma sociedade! Rosa, ajude Karola, dê um jeito de convencer Valentim a não entregar que nossa grana tá na conta dela", exige

"Eu?", questiona Rosa, revoltada, mas posteriormente, ela acaba fazendo o que a cafetina mandou

Luzia (Giovanna Antonelli) finalmente começará a tomar atitude em Segundo Sol e deixará de ser vítima das tramoias dos vilões

Furiosa após perder tudo novamente, inclusive o amor de Beto (Emilio Dantas) e do seu filho, Ícaro (Chay Suede), ela decidirá partir para o ataque

+ Após a morte de Remy (Vladimir Brichta), que irá ao ar no capítulo 102, ela aproveitará que Galdino (Narcival Rubens) será abandonado por Laureta (Adriana Esteves) em uma sala de hospital, agonizando após ser ferido em um serviço para a chefe, e fará uma proposta ao ex-torturador

Seu objetivo será destruir Laureta e Karola (Deborah Secco) de uma vez por todas, e para isso, ela não hesitará em se aliar com dois vilões da história

Além de Galdino, ela também estará mancomunada com Roberval (Fabrício Boliveira), que irá "financiar" essa sua vingança

+ Ela então, com o dinheiro do milionário, transferirá o personagem para um hospital particular

Sem caráter, após a recuperação, Galdino confessará que enganou Luzia e voltará para casa, mas lá, ele vai se deparar com a sua mãe morta, depois de ter definhado sozinha, sem a ajuda de ninguém

A partir daí, ele não terá mais nada a perder e se disponibilizará a entregar tudo que sabe sobre Laureta a Luzia, contando que elas roubaram o seu filho no parto e já mataram pessoas por conta desse crime

"Ela tem uma pastinha, leva uns medicamentos e umas seringas", dirá. "Não sei exatamente como ela faz

Ela chama de beijo da morte", explicará ele sobre o método da vilã. "Algumas vezes ela estoca droga em casa, até poder passar pro atravessador, mas é jogo rápido, de um dia pro outro", conta

"É aí que nós vamos pegar a desgraçada", anunciará Luzia, com sangue nos olhos. + "Eu vou lhe recompensar muito bem se trabalhar pra mim, dez vezes o que Laureta lhe paga", prometerá Luzia

"Não é nem pelo dinheiro, mas topo, pela alma de minha mãe… Enquanto eu tava preso naquele quartinho na casa dessa ingrata da Laureta, minha mãezinha tava sozinha, sem ninguém pra cuidar dela…", rebaterá ele

"Minha mãe definhou até morrer, por culpa de Laureta. É por minha mãe que quero me vingar

Pode contar comigo", completará o personagem homossexual, na cena que vai ao ar no dia 14 de setembro em Segundo Sol

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The UNTOLD HISTORY of TIMEX PORTUGAL | Ep. 153 - Duration: 15:45.

Timex arrives in Portugal around 1971, following the same strategy, adopted by many other companies,

to settle where labor was cheap and where the political and economic stability conditions

were gathered.

In Europe, Timex owned factories not only in Portugal but also in Scotland, in France

and in Germany.

Specifically in Portugal, and more precisely in Charneca de Caparica, was the working force

of more than 2000 employees, hired to work daily in the manufacture of mechanical watches

with cutting-edge technology and where was established the most advanced workshop in

Europe that developed machinery for the creation of precision tools, tools that would also

be sent to the other European Timex factories for the production of the brand's aforementioned

mechanical watches that would be, subsequently, exported and sold to the entire world.

April of 1974 came to disrupt the whole political and economic stability.

The "Carnation Revolution", as it became known, gave people the right to claim for better

working conditions, including wage increases, which led to the reduction of the manufacturing

activity to ridiculous numbers until the end of the Decade.

From the more than 2000 workers that Timex Portugal employed 'til then,

only over 30 remained.

And it was also after the 25th of April of 1974 that the company, until then managed

exclusively by Americans and British, was constituted only by a Portuguese board of

directors and when António Gomes was appointed CEO.

Anyway, in the final phase of the Decade, Timex watches were no longer assembled piece

by piece as when the company settled in Portugal in ' 71.

Just needed a final assembly and packaging before being sent to stores.

With the arrival of the new decade, there was also a huge turning point in technology

innovation and that's when the mechanical watch began to be quickly replaced

by electronic models.

Timex, being a company traditionally linked to the mechanical watch, had to adapt to the

new reality, changing all manufacture and assembly to the East, in particular to Thailand

and the Philippines, from where came this whole new reality and innovation and where,

of course, was, now, the new so-called cheap labor.

However, in England, the microcomputer revolution was about to burst.

Clive Sinclair, inventor who in 1972 offered the world its first pocket calculator, was

looking for someone who could help him mass Assembly his latest invention and in which

he was truly confident:

the ZX81, a microcomputer with only 1 KB of memory and the successor of the ZX80.

This partnership between Sinclair Research and Timex Corporation arose after the difficulties

that Sinclair had to satisfy all requests and orders that the ZX80 was target, that

led to waiting lists of several months, simply because it was the cheapest and accessible

microcomputer that the market had ever seen.

So, taking advantage of the euphoria of the consumer around microcomputers and the decreasing

demand for wrist watches, Timex accepts to venture in areas that were not very familiar

to them, as was the case in the pharmaceutical area which, later, turned out to be a disaster,

but it would provide a diversification in their own offer, as well as keep the jobs

of all the employees from the Timex complex in Dundee, composed of 8 factories, that was

the major employer of that area of Scotland.

The company had all the human and technical capacity, large-scale distribution, not only

in the United States, but also throughout Europe, revealing itself as the closest ally

of Clive Sinclair.

In the meanwhile, to stay in business, Timex Portugal was being subcontracted by large

companies, such as Control Data and IBM, for high precision work, as was the case in the

manufacture of printed circuit boards and, later, read heads for hard drives, not only

by having a whole assembly and packaging infrastructure previously installed,

but also for having adequate facilities for that purpose where the dust and unwanted particles wouldn't

penetrate during the more meticulous steps.

In addition to the subcontracting of services by IBM and Control Data, Timex Portugal continued

to provide after-sales service to the business of wrist watches and, circa 1981, employed

approximately 80 people, at a time when the Scottish factory was already manufacturing

the Sinclair ZX81 in large scale.

Timex American headquarters watches closely all this boom of low-cost microcomputers that

was taking place in Europe, and, influenced also by the technological advances that their

neighbors in Silicon Valley showed, eventually embarked on this adventure to bring to the

United States the Sinclair ZX81, in this particular case, the Timex Sinclair 1000 where the only

differences were in the alteration of its own designation, an NTSC signal modulator

for the American market and increasing its memory from 1 KB to 2 KB.

In the heart of Timex Corporation, a healthy competition was held:

where should this alternative model be manufactured?

In Scotland or in Portugal?

As was written in History books, the Portuguese factory eventually won this battle, thanks

to the effort and dedication of António Gomes, as told, CEO of Timex Portugal

since the 25th of April of 1974.

Then, the big challenge would be to produce 500 TS1000 models per day.

The enthusiasm and commitment within the Portuguese Timex organization was such that, at the end

of the first half of 1983, the company had already employed around 1000 workers and,

daily, near 2,000 computers were manufactured, all intended for the American market, along

with the 16K memory modules, known as ram packs.

Anticipating sales for Christmas of ' 83, a peak of production of 10,000 machines

per day was recorded.

However, in the United States, Commodore was adopting an aggressive pricing policy, offering

huge coupon discounts to whoever returned a used computer or console in exchange for

the purchase of one of their more recent machines.

Already at that time, the American market was protecting the consumer, who had the right

to complain and return the product if it wasn't of their liking.

Thus, the TS1000 was returned to stores for several reasons:

memory problems,

overheating,

the programs on tape would not enter at the first try,

the keyboard was not designed for the hands of the Americans, that, on average, are bigger

than those of Europeans,

among many other situations.

Thus, it was imperative to find solutions at a hardware level, that could correct or

mitigate these problems.

In the meanwhile, in Europe, many of these issues were also reported, but, unlike in the United States,

"do it yourself" magazines were sold that proposed, and solved, many of these issues,

teaching and entertaining the end user that would put their own hands to work trying to

rectify those problems in the comfort of their homes.

I must highlight that, by then in Europe, the end user or consumer had virtually no

rights after the purchase.

The solution for the American TS1000 went through a new project:

the TS1500.

This would be based on the ZX Spectrum which, in the meanwhile, had already begun to be

manufactured in Scotland.

Offered 16 KB of memory within an identical ZX Spectrum case, but now in silver, and that also

housed various fixes implemented by American and Portuguese Timex technicians.

Despite all these corrections and innovations, the computers continued to depend on the loading

of programs and games via tape.

So, Timex partnered with Sampo to manufacture a cassette player and recorder – known as

TS2020 – that would be sold alongside with the TS1500 trying to eliminate those annoying

software loading problems.

This set was also marketed in the form of an educational pack, oriented specifically

to teachers, in a carrying case along with an extensive collection of literature and

programs on tape.

Even so, the American market was still not convinced what led to Timex Corporation in

the United States to grab the project themselves developing and designing a new machine, which

was baptized as TS2068 and arriving to stores in November of 1983.

Had 72 KB of memory, bigger and more entertainment-oriented, with a cartridge slot

instead of the traditional tape player and recorder.

At the same time, mostly for the Portuguese and Polish markets and fully developed in

Portugal, the TC2048 project emerged.

This was the direct rival of the extremely popular ZX Spectrum, which was also sold in

the country by this time and based on the TS2068 created exclusively

for the United States.

I must also highlight that all development around the TC2048 contemplated the manufacture

and supply by several Portuguese companies not only for the integrated circuits, but

also for the molds for the cases, for the membranes

and for the metallic insulating paints.

But the biggest problem remained:

the loading of programs and games continued to be carried out

using the temperamental tapes.

So, Timex Portugal started the development of a floppy disk interface and operating system,

the TOS.

This new equipment was named Timex FDD and presented in 3 separate boxes:

the power supply, the controller and the floppy drive,

leading to many of its users to name it as FDD3, a fairly advanced system in relation

to the microdrives that, by that time, had already been presented in the UK by

Clive Sinclair as a solution for the replacement of the traditional tapes.

The microdrives were also tapes, but in a micro-format and, by the way, still very unpredictable.

Timex Portugal had thus developed a more advanced, fast and safe form of reading software, innovating

and leading the project further with the creation, in partnership with the INESC (Portuguese

Institute of Systems' Engineering and Computers), a second version of their floppy drive unit.

The new model, named FDD3000, was now confined to a single box where, in addition to the

controller and power supply, were available not one, but two floppy drives.

Was nothing more than another computer with a Z80 processor running at 4 MHz, connected

to the TC2048 expanding the processing power and memory, since it offered 64 KB of RAM and

the already mentioned 3 inch floppy.

In Portugal there were also those who dedicated themselves to create programs and games for

these machines, in universities and in the comfort of their own bedrooms, not as evident

as in England or in Spain.

Some classics emerged, such as Paradise Café or Alien Evolution, the latter quite cherished

by the English press.

Others failed to succeed, just like City Connection of Manuel Lemos, Ricardo Pinho

and Paulo Gordinho, based on the popular arcade machine and that, unfortunately, failed to

attract the attention of publishers like Ocean Software.

The little media exposure they got was in the TV show "Ponto por Ponto", hosted

by Raul Durão, that, weekly, included a small 5-minute section related to "Computer Games"

led by Paulo Dimas.

In mid-80s, the supremacy of the IBM PCs and compatibles, as well as the 16-Bit computers

from Commodore and Atari, was such that Timex and Sinclair microcomputers could not keep

up in any way.

And, of course, by the end of the decade, the video games' related market was also,

and already, flooded by Sega and Nintendo products.

Rumor has it that around 1991, at the time of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Portugal,

she convinced the then Prime Minister Cavaco Silva to move the whole operation

of Timex Portugal to Scotland.

The factory was already in a halt since 1989 and all the Portuguese know-how and technology

were eventually offered to the Scottish manufacturing complex of Dundee, so that jobs could be kept.

The remaining stock of the TC2068 model was sold to Argentina.

In relation to the employees of Timex Portugal, needless to say that

they all ended up without their jobs.

Not being a Portuguese brand, Timex was responsible for the awakening of interest for computers

in that country, because it introduced on the market low-priced personal computers that,

around 1985,

"attained an internal volume of more than 150,000 units, one of the highest penetration

rates per family in Europe ".

A whole new Portuguese industry was generated thanks to Timex, which contributed greatly

to the creation of a national culture and adherence to a brand-new technological world

that continues to unite an entire generation that, since then, follows the evolution of

this amazing world, because, believe it or not, video games were the biggest drivers

of the tremendous sales success of the ZX Spectrum and the Timex Computer 2048 in Portugal.

For more infomation >> The UNTOLD HISTORY of TIMEX PORTUGAL | Ep. 153 - Duration: 15:45.

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