AMERICA IS A LAND OF RISK TAKERS--
FROM THE MEN WHO BROUGHT FLIGHT TO THE MASSES...
TO THE WOMAN WHO SPENT HER LIFE PUSHING THE LIMITS.
IT'S A LAND OF INNOVATION--
FROM A COLONY SOME HOPED COULD EXIST ON MARS...
TO A CITY OTHERS THOUGHT WOULD BE A BLUEPRINT FOR THE FUTURE.
THIS IS A PLACE WHERE GOOD IDEAS HAVE MADE MILLIONAIRES...
AND A GOOD GOLF SWING PRODUCED A BILLIONAIRE.
FROM SELF-MADE MEN TO MANMADE PRODUCTS,
THESE ARE THE BIG THINKERS, BIG DREAMS, AND BIG THINGS
THAT COULD ONLY BE MADE IN THE U.S.A.
IN THE EVERGREENS OF WASHINGTON STATE
IS ONE COMPANY THAT'S MADE AMERICA A COMPUTING SUPERPOWER--
MICROSOFT.
THIS IS THE SOFTWARE GIANT'S HEADQUARTERS
JUST OUTSIDE SEATTLE, IN REDMOND.
BILL GATES, A SEATTLE NATIVE, DROPPED OUT OF HARVARD IN 1975
TO START THE COMPANY IN ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO.
HE RELOCATED TO WASHINGTON IN 1979.
A YEAR LATER, GATES GOT A CALL
ABOUT DEVELOPING A TOP-SECRET OPERATING SYSTEM.
IT WAS FOR SOMETHING UNHEARD OF AT THE TIME--
AN IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER.
IN REDMOND, MICROSOFT'S EMPLOYEES HAVE PERKS
LIKE A SOCCER FIELD, BASEBALL DIAMOND,
AND 25 HIGH-END CAFETERIAS.
A FEW LUCKY WORKERS EVEN GET TO VISIT THE BOSS' HOUSE...
PROOF OF JUST HOW MUCH MONEY CAN BE MADE IN THE U.S.A.
BILL GATES' MULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR ESTATE ON LAKE WASHINGTON
FEATURES A RECEPTION HALL AND CONFERENCE FACILITIES,
IN CASE HE NEEDS TO TAKE WORK HOME WITH HIM.
ONE OF THE LIBRARIES CONTAINS A LEONARDO DA VINCI NOTEBOOK,
WHICH GATES BOUGHT IN 1994 FOR MORE THAN $30 MILLION.
AND WHILE THE HOME'S EXTERIOR IS TRADITIONAL,
THE INSIDE IS, OF COURSE, STATE OF THE ART.
A HOUSE COMPUTER CAN DETECT
WHAT TEMPERATURE AND MUSIC EACH RESIDENT PREFERS.
ANOTHER MAJOR AMERICAN BRAND WAS MADE IN SEATTLE--STARBUCKS.
THE COMPANY STARTED OUT AS A SMALL SHOP
IN NEARBY PIKE PLACE MARKET, WHERE IT OPENED IN 1971.
IN 1983, MARKETING DIRECTOR HOWARD SCHULTZ
WENT TO MILAN, ITALY,
AND NOTICED THE POPULARITY OF ESPRESSO BARS.
HE CONVINCED STARBUCKS' FOUNDERS
TO TRY OUT THE COFFEEHOUSE CONCEPT,
AND NOW STARBUCKS IS SOLD IN 55 COUNTRIES.
THEIR SIGNATURE MERMAID
COMES FROM A 16th CENTURY NORSE WOODCUT.
IT PAYS TRIBUTE TO SEATTLE'S SEAPORT ROOTS,
AND THE SEAFARING HISTORY OF COFFEE.
A WASHINGTON OUTDOORSMAN MADE IT BIG IN THE U.S.A.
AFTER A NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE.
IN THE 1930s, A MAN NAMED EDDIE BAUER
WAS HAULING FISH HE HAD JUST CAUGHT
THROUGH THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA.
SOON, HE STARTED SWEATING IN HIS WOOL CLOTHES
AND DEVELOPED HYPOTHERMIA.
AFTERWARDS, BAUER CAME UP WITH AN IDEA
FOR A GOOSE-DOWN BREATHABLE JACKET--
AN INVENTION THAT REVOLUTIONIZED COLD-WEATHER OUTERWEAR.
HE HIT IT REALLY BIG IN WORLD WAR TWO,
WHEN THE DOWN-FILLED BOMBER JACKETS
HE MADE FOR FIGHTER PILOTS
BECAME THE HEIGHT OF FASHION.
THE WAR ALSO MADE A FORTUNE FOR ANOTHER WASHINGTON BUSINESSMAN
NAMED WILLIAM BOEING.
HE FLEW AS A PASSENGER FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 1914,
JUST ELEVEN YEARS AFTER THE WRIGHT BROTHERS' VIRGIN FLIGHT.
BOEING HAD BEEN RUNNING A SUCCESSFUL TIMBER COMPANY,
BUT ONCE HE WAS AIRBORNE,
DECIDED HE COULD BUILD A BETTER PLANE.
IN TWO YEARS, HE LEARNED TO FLY, HIRED ENGINEERS,
AND TOOK HIS NEW PLANE FOR A TEST FLIGHT.
AT FIRST, THE COMPANY STRUGGLED.
THEN, BOEING STARTED FLYING LETTERS
FROM VANCOUVER TO SEATTLE--
AMERICA'S FIRST INTERNATIONAL AIRMAIL.
BOEING ALSO STARTED REPAIRING
AND MANUFACTURING MILITARY PLANES,
EVENTUALLY BUILDING WORLD WAR TWO BOMBERS.
THE COMPANY IS A TOP PRODUCER OF PASSENGER AIRCRAFT...
MANY OF WHICH ARE MADE HERE, 25 MILES NORTH OF SEATTLE.
THIS IS BOEING'S MAMMOTH EVERETT PLANT--
THE LARGEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD WHEN MEASURED BY VOLUME.
INSIDE, IT'S THE EQUIVALENT OF 75 FOOTBALL FIELDS.
BEHIND MASSIVE BAY DOORS, BOEING BUILDS FOUR MODELS OF PLANES.
THE AIRCRAFT EMERGE WITH A GREEN MYLAR COATING
TO PREVENT DAMAGE.
THIS IS ALSO WHERE BOEING BUILDS THE 787 DREAMLINER,
WHICH OFFERS PASSENGERS WI-FI, LIVE TV AND CELL PHONE USE.
AFTER A FEW HUNDRED TESTS, A PLANE IS READY FOR DELIVERY.
BUT WILLIAM BOEING CERTAINLY WASN'T THE ONLY ONE
FASCINATED BY FLIGHT.
HIS FELLOW FLYING MAVERICKS JUST HAPPENED TO BE TAKING OFF...
IN KANSAS.
IN THE MID '20s, WICHITA RESIDENT LLOYD STEARMAN
STARTED DESIGNING BIPLANES LIKE THESE--
THE MAIN AIRCRAFT USED IN THOSE EARLY AVIATION YEARS.
THE PLANES ARE STILL FLYING NEARLY 90 YEARS LATER.
A STEARMAN BIPLANE EVEN STARRED
IN ALFRED HITCHCOCK'S "NORTH BY NORTHWEST,"
WHERE IT WAS USED TO TRY AND MURDER CARY GRANT.
WHILE SOME BUSINESSMEN WERE BUILDING PLANES,
AN AMERICAN WOMAN WAS MAKING HISTORY WITH ONE.
AMELIA EARHART WAS BORN IN ATCHISON,
WHERE KANSAS ARTIST STAN HERD PAYS TRIBUTE TO HER
WITH A ONE-ACRE EARTHEN PORTRAIT.
GROWING UP, EARHART SPENT MUCH OF HER TIME HERE,
IN HER GRANDPARENTS' HOUSE HIGH ABOVE THE MISSOURI RIVER.
AS A GIRL, SHE WAS INDEPENDENT,
AND EVEN KEPT A SCRAPBOOK OF ACCOMPLISHED WOMEN.
IN 1928, EARHART GAINED WORLDWIDE FAME
WHEN SHE BECAME THE FIRST WOMAN TO FLY ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
SHE WAS DRIVEN, IN PART, BY A DESIRE TO HELP WOMEN
ACHIEVE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE,
OFTEN USING HER FAME TO ADVOCATE
FOR FEMALE PILOTS AND WOMEN'S ISSUES.
BUT HER ATTEMPT TO BE THE FIRST WOMAN AROUND THE WORLD
CAME TO A TRAGIC END WHEN SHE DISAPPEARED OVER THE PACIFIC--
A MYSTERIOUS DEATH THAT SOMETIMES OVERSHADOWS
HER LIFETIME OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS.
IN THE REMOTE PLAINS OF WESTERN KANSAS
IS A TOWN THAT REMADE ITSELF AFTER A DEVASTATING TRAGEDY.
IN 2007, A MASSIVE TORNADO
LEVELED THE SMALL COMMUNITY OF GREENSBURG.
HALF OF THE SURVIVORS DECIDED NOT TO COME BACK.
BUT THE POPULATION HERE
HAD ACTUALLY BEEN DECREASING FOR YEARS.
CITY LEADERS DECIDED THEY DIDN'T JUST NEED TO REBUILD--
THEY NEEDED TO REVITALIZE.
THEIR IDEA WAS TO MAKE GREENSBURG
THE GREENEST TOWN IN AMERICA.
IT WAS A TOUGH SELL TO RESIDENTS,
BUT THEY GRADUALLY BEGAN TO RALLY.
SOON, ECO HOMES LIKE THIS ROSE, MODELED AFTER A GRAIN SILO
THAT WITHSTOOD THE TORNADO'S 200-MILE-PER-HOUR WINDS.
THE 5-4-7 ARTS CENTER
WAS THE FIRST PUBLIC BUILDING TO GO UP--
PART OF THE TOWN'S DECISION TO MAKE THE ARTS A PRIORITY.
THE KANSAS ARCHITECTURAL STUDENTS WHO DESIGNED IT
NAMED IT AFTER THE DATE THE TORNADO HIT.
THE TOWN'S LIBRARY AND MUSEUM, WHICH WERE ALSO DESTROYED,
NOW LIVE IN THE AWARD-WINNING KIOWA COUNTY COMMONS BUILDING.
ITS ROOF OVERHANG, AWNINGS, AND TREES
CONTROL THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT AND HEAT THAT ENTER...
WHILE SOLAR PANELS GENERATE POWER.
BUT THE BUILDING THAT MAY SYMBOLIZE
GREENSBURG'S REBIRTH BEST
IS THE SPIRAL-SHAPED MUSEUM--
THE NEW ENTRANCE TO THE TOWN'S OLDEST ATTRACTION--
THE BIG WELL.
THE BUILDING SITS
ATOP THE DEEPEST HAND-DUG WELL IN THE WORLD.
THE STRUCTURE IS MODELED AFTER THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE--
A SERIES OF NUMBERS THAT CREATES SPIRALS FOUND IN NATURE,
INCLUDING TORNADOES.
KANSAS HAS ALSO HELPED MAKE THE U.S.A. MORE ECO-FRIENDLY--
BY HARNESSING THE POWER OF THE WIND.
BP IS BEHIND THIS WIND FARM-- CALLED FLAT RIDGE TWO--
IN SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS.
THE WIND INDUSTRY HAS SKYROCKETED IN THE U.S.,
OUTPACED ONLY BY CHINA.
BUT TO TAP INTO THE WIND'S POTENTIAL,
SOME ASSEMBLY IS REQUIRED.
THE WINDMILLS ARRIVE IN PIECES,
WHICH ARE THEN SPREAD OUT ON THE PRAIRIE.
EACH ONE WILL SIT ON A CONCRETE PAD
WHERE ITS TRANSFORMER IS LOCATED.
WORKERS ASSEMBLE THE THREE TUBES
THAT WILL MAKE UP THE WINDMILL'S TOWER...
THEN ATTACH THE GIANT PROPELLER BLADES TO THEIR HUB.
ONCE THAT'S FINISHED, A POWERFUL MOTOR GOES ON TOP.
FINALLY, THE PROPELLER IS READY TO BE INSTALLED.
IN THIS DELICATE DANCE BETWEEN MAN AND MACHINE,
EACH GEAR AND PART MUST BE PERFECTLY ALIGNED.
WHEN THE WORKERS ARE DONE,
262 WINDMILLS WILL TOWER OVER THE KANSAS PLAINS,
GENERATING ENOUGH ELECTRICITY FOR 125,000 HOMES.
IN NEARBY OKLAHOMA IS THE BIRTHPLACE
OF THE DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR.
THIS IS THE NATIONAL WEATHER CENTER IN NORMAN,
WHERE THE DOPPLER WAS BORN OUT OF WORLD WAR TWO TECHNOLOGY
TO DETECT ENEMY AIRCRAFT AND MISSILES.
IN 1964, THE RADAR ALLOWED SCIENTISTS
TO MEASURE MOTION INSIDE A STORM FOR THE FIRST TIME.
MORE RECENTLY, DOPPLER RADAR ADVANCED TO THIS,
CALLED "O.U. PRIME."
IT'S ONE OF THE HIGHEST RESOLUTION RADARS OF ITS KIND.
RESEARCHERS USE IT TO HELP PREDICT SEVERE WEATHER--
A NECESSITY IN THE MIDDLE OF TORNADO ALLEY.
1,400 MILES AWAY IS ONE OF THE SITES
THAT HELPED GOOGLE BECOME A HOUSEHOLD NAME.
THIS IS THE COMPANY'S SERVER FARM
IN THE DALLES, OREGON.
INSIDE ARE TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PROCESSORS
THAT ARE PART OF THE GOOGLEPLEX--
BASICALLY THE BIGGEST COLLECTIVE COMPUTER IN THE WORLD.
AND POWERING ALL THAT CREATES A LOT OF HEAT--
WHICH IS WHY THIS SERVER FARM IS NEAR THE COLUMBIA RIVER.
THE DALLES DAM HYDROELECTRIC STATION--
AND ITS HALF-MILE POWERHOUSE--
SUPPLY GOOGLE WITH CHEAP, RENEWABLE ENERGY--
SOMETHING THE COMPANY SAYS IS A PRIORITY
AS IT CONTINUES TO EXPAND.
WESTERN OREGON IS HOME TO THE TRACK
THAT HELPED MAKE A SPORTSWEAR GIANT--NIKE.
THIS IS HAYWARD FIELD, OR "TRACK TOWN U.S.A.,"
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON IN EUGENE.
IN 1949, A MAN NAMED BILL BOWERMAN
BECAME THE TRACK AND FIELD COACH HERE.
KNOWN FOR HIS ATTENTION TO DETAIL,
BOWERMAN EVEN COBBLED SHOES FOR HIS RUNNERS.
THEN, IN 1964, BOWERMAN WENT INTO THE SHOE BUSINESS
WITH FORMER U OF O RUNNER BILL KNIGHT.
THEY STARTED OUT SELLING SNEAKERS FROM JAPAN--
BUT IN 1971, LAUNCHED THEIR OWN COMPANY, NIKE,
NAMED AFTER THE GREEK GODDESS OF VICTORY.
AT THE COMPANY'S BEAVERTON HEADQUARTERS,
NIKE IS STILL LOOKING FOR WAYS TO GIVE RUNNERS AN EDGE...
INVITING TOP ATHLETES TO TRAIN HERE.
THE CAMPUS' BUILDINGS BEAR THE NAMES OF SPORTS LEGENDS
THAT HAVE BEEN SPONSORED BY NIKE,
INCLUDING MICHAEL JORDAN, MIA HAMM AND JOHN McENROE--
ALL OF WHOM WERE ALSO MADE IN THE U.S.A.
ALONG THE PRISTINE WATERS OF JUPITER ISLAND, FLORIDA,
IS THE HOME OF ANOTHER ATHLETE WHO MADE IT BIG IN AMERICA.
THIS IS TIGER WOODS' 12-ACRE MULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR ESTATE,
WHICH HE KEPT AS HIS PERMANENT RESIDENCE
AFTER HIS MESSY SPLIT WITH WIFE ELIN NORDEGREN IN 2010.
THE HOUSE INCLUDES FOUR GREENS,
ALL WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF TURF TO REPLICATE REAL COURSES.
ON THE SECOND FLOOR IS QUITE THE CUSTOM ADD-ON--
WOODS' OWN PERSONAL DRIVING RANGE.
UP THE FLORIDA COAST IS A CITY
THAT'S MADE THE U.S.A. A LEADER IN SPACE EXPLORATION.
CAPE CANAVERAL IS HOME TO THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER--
A LONGSTANDING TESTAMENT TO THE POWER OF AMERICAN INGENUITY.
HERE AT PAD 39-A,
ASTRONAUTS NEIL ARMSTRONG, BUZZ ALDRIN AND MICHAEL COLLINS
BLASTED OFF...
AS DID 135 SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS.
TOWERING OVER THIS STRETCH OF COAST
IS NASA'S VEHICLE ASSEMBLY BUILDING,
THE LARGEST SINGLE-STORY STRUCTURE IN THE WORLD.
INSIDE, ENGINEERS ASSEMBLED EVERY SINGLE SPACE SHUTTLE.
BEFORE LAUNCH, SHUTTLES WERE ROLLED OUT
AND ONTO THIS 135-FOOT-WIDE PATH, CALLED THE CRAWLERWAY.
THE 17-MILLION-POUND SPACECRAFT
SAT ON GIANT CRAWLER TRANSPORTERS
THAT, BECAUSE OF THE CRUSHING WEIGHT,
COULDN'T MOVE FASTER THAN A MILE PER HOUR.
TRACKS FROM THE LAST ONE TO MAKE THIS JOURNEY ARE STILL VISIBLE.
THIS IS ALSO WHERE AMERICA'S ASTRONAUTS RETURNED TO EARTH--
AIMING FOR TWO BLACK STRIPS ON THE TARMAC.
THE SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM ENDED IN 2011.
NOW, NASA IS LOOKING FOR NEW WAYS
TO PUT ITS HISTORIC INFRASTRUCTURE TO USE.
FLORIDA MAY BE FAMOUS FOR ITS MADE-IN-THE-U.S.A. ORANGES--
BUT IT TURNS OUT THE FRUIT ISN'T ACTUALLY NATIVE TO THE STATE.
SPANISH SETTLERS BROUGHT IT HERE FROM CHINA IN THE 16th CENTURY.
IT TOOK ANOTHER FEW HUNDRED YEARS FOR ORANGES TO CATCH ON.
THE FRUIT RIPENS IN THE FALL,
AND THOUSANDS OF MIGRANT LABORERS ARE HIRED
TO HELP WITH THE HARVEST.
RACING BETWEEN THE ROWS ARE TRUCKS CALLED "GOATS"
THAT GATHER THE FRUIT FROM WORKERS
AND FERRY IT TO NEARBY TRACTOR TRAILERS.
THE ORANGES THEN TRAVEL TO NEARBY PROCESSING PLANTS
LIKE THIS ONE OWNED BY FLORIDA'S NATURAL.
THE COMPANY GOT ITS START IN 1933 AS A SMALL CO-OP.
NOW IT'S ONE OF THE BIGGEST ORANGE JUICE PRODUCERS
IN THE COUNTRY.
OPEN TRAILER TRUCKS TAKE THE FRUIT FROM FARM TO FACTORY.
INSIDE, MILLIONS OF ORANGES A YEAR ARE TURNED TO PULP,
THEIR JUICE PASTEURIZED AND BOTTLED
BEFORE IT MAKES ITS WAY AROUND THE WORLD.
THOUSANDS OF MILES AWAY FROM FLORIDA,
ANOTHER AMERICAN PRODUCT HAD MORE MYSTERIOUS BEGINNINGS
ON THE TROPICAL ISLANDS OF HAWAII.
THESE ARE THE DOLE PINEAPPLE PLANTATIONS ON OAHU--
AND ONE OF HAWAII'S MAIN SOURCES OF REVENUE.
BUT NO ONE KNOWS EXACTLY HOW THE PINEAPPLE ENDED UP HERE.
WHAT HISTORIANS DO KNOW IS THAT A SPANISH ADVENTURER
SUCCESSFULLY STARTED RAISING THEM IN THE 1800s.
THEN, AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY,
A HARVARD GRAD NAMED JAMES DRUMMOND DOLE
CAME TO OAHU AND THOUGHT THE FRUIT MIGHT HAVE POTENTIAL.
PUTTING HIS BUSINESS AND AGRICULTURAL DEGREES TO USE,
DOLE BOUGHT SOME LAND
AND STARTED USING THE RELATIVELY NEW TECHNOLOGY CALLED CANNING.
AFTER SOME PERSISTENT MARKETING,
THE PINEAPPLE BECAME A SYMBOL OF FRIENDSHIP
AND A STAPLE IN MANY KITCHENS.
THOUSANDS OF MILES AWAY, CALIFORNIA WINEMAKERS
ARE BUSY PRODUCING MADE-IN-THE-U.S.A. REDS.
VINEYARDS IN PASO ROBLES
HAVE BEEN AROUND SINCE THE 18th CENTURY,
WHEN FRANCISCAN FRIARS STARTED MAKING WINE HERE.
IN THE 1870s, COMMERCIAL WINEMAKING BEGAN
WITH AN INDIANA RANCHER NAMED ANDREW YORK.
HE HAD A SURPLUS OF GRAPES,
SO HE STARTED THE ASCENSION WINERY,
WHICH EVENTUALLY BECAME THE YORK WINERY--
AMONG THE OLDEST IN THE COUNTRY.
PASO ROBLES IS NOW HOME TO DOZENS OF WINERIES
THAT PRODUCE THE REGION'S SIGNATURE BIG REDS,
INCLUDING CABERNET SAUVIGNON, MERLOT, SYRAH, AND ZINFANDEL.
IN THE 1870s, MANY MEN WENT WEST IN SEARCH OF GOLD.
BUT ONE MAN DREAMT OF MAKING A FORTUNE ON SOMETHING ELSE:
BEER.
GERMAN-BORN ADOLPH COORS
HIKED THROUGH THE FOOTHILLS OF GOLDEN, COLORADO,
LOOKING FOR HIS KEY INGREDIENT-- SPARKLING CLEAN WATER.
COORS AND A PARTNER CONVERTED AN OLD TANNERY INTO A BREWERY,
THEN SHIPPED THEIR BEER TO THIRSTY MINERS.
WHEN PROHIBITION HIT, COORS STAYED AFLOAT
BY MANUFACTURING CEMENT AND OTHER PRODUCTS.
AND WHEN PROHIBITION ENDED, HIS BEER ENDURED.
IN THE '50s, COORS UNVEILED THE ALL-ALUMINUM BEER CAN--
WHICH QUICKLY MADE STEEL ONES OBSOLETE.
AND IT'S RUMORED THAT COORS
WAS A FAVORITE OF PRESIDENT GERALD FORD,
WHO APPARENTLY BROUGHT IT ABOARD AIR FORCE ONE.
FOUR DECADES LATER, PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA
WOULD REACH FOR A DIFFERENT AMERICAN BEER--YUENGLING.
BEFORE COORS, GERMAN IMMIGRANT DAVID YUENGLING
STARTED MAKING HIS BEER IN POTTSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.
HERE, THE WATER WAS SOFT AND CLEAN.
THERE WERE THOUSANDS OF BEER-DRINKING GERMAN IMMIGRANTS,
AND THE NEARBY RAILROAD MADE SHIPPING EASY.
YUENGLING DID WELL LOCALLY FOR YEARS--
THEN, IN THE '80s, IT GAINED STEAM NATIONALLY.
THAT'S WHEN YUENGLING'S GREAT GRANDSON
SOLVED THE PROBLEM OF HOW TO PRONOUNCE THE BEER'S NAME--
BY REINTRODUCING AN OLD BREW AND CALLING IT SIMPLY "LAGER."
TODAY, YUENGLING IS THE OLDEST OPERATING BEER COMPANY
IN AMERICA.
ABOUT AN HOUR AWAY FROM THE BREWERY
IS ONE OF THE LARGEST CHOCOLATE MANUFACTURERS IN NORTH AMERICA--
HERSHEY CHOCOLATE COMPANY IN HERSHEY, PENNSYLVANIA.
FOUNDER MILTON HERSHEY GREW UP ON A NEARBY FARM,
WHERE HIS FATHER TOOK ON
ONE FAILED VENTURE AFTER ANOTHER.
AFTER HIS DAD LEFT,
HERSHEY'S MOTHER TAUGHT HIM A STRONG WORK ETHIC,
WHICH SAW MILTON THROUGH YEARS OF FAILURE--
UNTIL HE MADE A FORTUNE ON CARAMEL.
IN 1893, HE WAS FASCINATED BY CHOCOLATE-MAKING
AT THE CHICAGO WORLD'S FAIR.
AT THE TIME, MILK CHOCOLATE WAS A DELICACY
PRODUCED MOSTLY BY THE SWISS.
IN 1905, HERSHEY OPENED UP A FACTORY IN HIS HOMETOWN
AND STARTED BRINGING CHOCOLATE TO THE MASSES.
HE ALSO GAVE BACK, STARTING THE HERSHEY SCHOOL
TO GIVE DISADVANTAGED KIDS A GOOD EDUCATION.
ANOTHER PENNSYLVANIA ENTREPRENEUR
MADE IT BIG WITH KETCHUP.
PITTSBURGH NATIVE HENRY JOHN HEINZ
STARTED OUT SELLING HORSERADISH,
WHICH DID WELL UNTIL THE ECONOMY COLLAPSED.
AFTER BEING BROKE FOR A FEW YEARS,
HEINZ BORROWED MONEY FROM HIS BROTHER
AND STARTED BOTTLING KETCHUP IN 1876.
ONE COMPONENT OF HIS SUCCESS: A CLEAR GLASS BOTTLE.
CONSUMERS LIKED TO SEE WHAT THEY WERE BUYING.
BY 1900, HEINZ WAS THE LEADING MANUFACTURER
OF KETCHUP AND OTHER CONDIMENTS.
A MICHIGAN BUSINESSMAN CHANGED THE U.S.A. FOREVER IN 1908
WHEN HE DEBUTED THE MODEL T FORD.
HENRY FORD DIDN'T INVENT THE AUTOMOBILE,
BUT HE DID MAKE IT AFFORDABLE
BY DRASTICALLY CUTTING ASSEMBLY COSTS.
EARLY CARS WERE HANDCRAFTED BY SPECIALIZED WORKERS--
A LONG, SLOW PROCESS.
WITH AN ASSEMBLY LINE,
FORD MANAGED TO DRAMATICALLY CUT THE MODEL T'S PRODUCTION TIME.
ONCE THE AUTOMOBILES STARTED SELLING,
FORD PUT THE MONEY BACK INTO HIS BUSINESS,
LOWERING THE CAR'S PRICE FROM $825 TO $575 IN JUST FOUR YEARS.
BY 1914, NEARLY HALF THE CARS ON AMERICAN ROADS
WERE MODEL Ts...
AND WITH THOSE PROFITS, FORD BOUGHT 1,300 ACRES
ON THE BANKS OF THE NEARBY ROGUE RIVER,
WHERE HE BUILT THE FAIR LANE ESTATE.
FORD WAS PROUD OF HIS MODEST ROOTS
AND TOLD BUILDERS NOT TO SPEND MORE THAN $250,000.
BUT AFTER TWO YEARS AND 56 ROOMS,
THE TOTAL BILL WAS NEARLY $2.5 MILLION.
THE HOME FEATURED A HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION,
BUILT WITH DESIGN HELP FROM FORD'S FRIEND, THOMAS EDISON.
TWO GENERATORS ON THE RIVER POWERED THE ESTATE
ALONG WITH 2,000 OTHER NEARBY HOMES.
FORD PAID TRIBUTE TO EDISON AND OTHER AMERICAN INVENTORS
AT A ONE-OF-A-KIND SITE--
GREENFIELD VILLAGE IN DEARBORN.
THIS IS WHERE FORD TRANSPORTED
AND RECREATED DOZENS OF NOTABLE HOMES FROM AROUND THE WORLD.
AMONG THEM: EDISON'S INVENTION FACTORY,
PART OF WHICH CAME FROM MENLO PARK, NEW JERSEY.
THE VILLAGE ALSO FEATURES THE WRIGHT BROTHERS' WORKSHOP
AND A COURTHOUSE WHERE ABE LINCOLN PRACTICED LAW.
FORD AND EDISON HAD SOMETHING ELSE IN COMMON...
THEIR VISITS TO THE SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST SANITARIUM
IN BATTLE CREEK--
HEALTH SPA TO THE RICH AND FAMOUS.
IN 1876, A SURGEON AND INVENTOR NAMED DR. JOHN HARVEY KELLOGG
TOOK OVER THE SITE--
INSISTING PATIENTS FOLLOW A REGIMEN
OF VEGETARIANISM, COLONICS, AND DAILY EXERCISE.
DR. HARVEY AND HIS BROTHER, WILL,
WERE ALWAYS RESEARCHING HEALTHIER FOOD OPTIONS.
ONE DAY, WHILE TRYING TO MAKE A BREAD SUBSTITUTE,
WILL LEFT OUT BOILED WHEAT TOO LONG.
HE ROLLED AND BAKED IT ANYWAY--
ACCIDENTALLY INVENTING
WHAT WOULD EVENTUALLY BECOME CORN FLAKES.
SANITARIUM PATIENTS LOVED IT,
EVEN ASKING TO HAVE THE CEREAL SHIPPED TO THEIR HOMES.
WILL WENT ON TO FOUND THE KELLOGG COMPANY,
CREATING A PERMANENT RIFT BETWEEN THE BROTHERS.
BY 1906, KELLOGG'S WAS A HOUSEHOLD NAME.
MORE THAN FIVE DECADES LATER, MICHIGAN PRODUCED SOMETHING ELSE
THAT WOULD TAKE THE U.S.A. BY STORM--
THE MOTOWN SOUND.
IN 1959, AT THE URGING OF HIS FRIEND SMOKY ROBINSON,
A SONGWRITER NAMED BERRY GORDY FOUNDED MOTOWN RECORDS
IN THIS MODEST DETROIT HOUSE.
ONE YEAR LATER, THE COMPANY HAD ITS FIRST HIT
WITH "SHOP AROUND,"
WRITTEN AND PERFORMED BY ROBINSON
AND HIS BAND, THE MIRACLES.
GORDY, A FORMER AUTO WORKER, KNEW FROM THE CAR BUSINESS
THAT TO KEEP CONSUMERS HAPPY, HE HAD TO PRODUCE FAST.
AND, FOR THE NEXT DECADE, HE DID
WITH TALENT LIKE THE TEMPTATIONS,
THE FOUR TOPS, THE SUPREMES AND MANY MORE.
THE HIT FACTORY THRIVED THROUGH THE '60s UNTIL 1972,
WHEN GORDY SET UP SHOP IN HOLLYWOOD.
IN 1988, HE WAS INDUCTED INTO THE ROCK AND ROLL HALL OF FAME.
BUT THE MOTOWN SOUND MIGHT NEVER HAVE EXISTED
HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR CLARKSDALE, MISSISSIPPI, AND THE BLUES.
THE MUSIC HAS ITS ROOTS IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
AT JUKE JOINTS WHERE AFRICAN AMERICANS GATHERED
IN THE EARLY 1900s TO DANCE, DRINK, AND LISTEN TO MUSIC.
BLUES IS SAID TO HAVE STARTED SOUTH OF HERE, IN TUTWILER.
A BANDLEADER NAMED W.C. HANDY
HEARD A FELLOW TRAVELER PLAYING WHAT HANDY CALLED
"THE WEIRDEST MUSIC HE'D EVER HEARD."
NINE YEARS LATER, HANDY PUBLISHED "MEMPHIS BLUES"--
THE FIRST SONG WITH "BLUES" IN ITS TITLE.
CLARKSDALE IS HOME TO THE DELTA BLUES MUSEUM
HOUSED IN AN OLD FREIGHT DEPOT.
IT ALSO CELEBRATES MUSICIANS WITH CLOSE TIES TO THE TOWN,
INCLUDING CHARLIE PATTON, SON HOUSE, ROBERT JOHNSON,
AND MUDDY WATERS.
IT'S SAID MUDDY BOARDED A BUS RIGHT HERE,
JOINING SIX MILLION BLACK SOUTHERNERS
IN THE GREAT MIGRATION NORTH.
"I'M GOING TO PACK MY SUITCASE," HE SANG, "AND MAKE MY GETAWAY."
THE EXPOSURE MUDDY WATERS' MUSIC FOUND IN CHICAGO
LAUNCHED THE DELTA BLUES INTO THE MAINSTREAM,
CHANGING MUSIC FOREVER.
ANOTHER SOUTHERNER CAME UP WITH SOMETHING HOT
IN THE BAYOUS OF LOUISIANA.
IN THE MID-1800s, A MAN NAMED EDMUND McILHENNY
MOVED TO AVERY ISLAND AFTER MARRYING INTO THE AVERY FAMILY.
THEIR MAIN STAPLES WERE SALT AND SUGAR CANE--
BUT EDMUND GREW TABASCO PLANTS AS A HOBBY.
WHEN THE CIVIL WAR STARTED, THE FAMILY FLED.
THEY RETURNED TO FIND THE SALT MINES FLOODED
AND THE SUGAR CANE BURNED.
BUT THE RED PEPPER PLANTS WERE FLOURISHING.
EDMUND, A TALENTED COOK,
ALLOWED THE PEPPERS TO AGE AND FERMENT
SO HE COULD MAKE A SPICY SAUCE.
IN 1868, HE SENT SAMPLES IN SMALL COLOGNE BOTTLES
TO FOOD DISTRIBUTORS-- AND CALLED IT TABASCO.
THESE DAYS MOST OF TABASCO'S PEPPERS COME FROM MEXICO,
BUT EVERY BOTTLE IS STILL FILLED AT THIS FACTORY ON AVERY ISLAND.
FROM ALABAMA TO TEXAS ARE FIELDS OF WHITE.
THESE ARE COTTON PLANTS,
A MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME IN THE SOUTH
SINCE SLAVES PAINSTAKINGLY PICKED IT IN THE 1700s.
THEN, AN INVENTOR NAMED ELI WHITNEY
CAME SOUTH AS A TUTOR--
AND SAW HOW HARD IT WAS
TO SEPARATE THE SEEDS FROM THE COTTON.
HE CREATED A COTTON GIN THAT, UNLIKE ITS PREDECESSORS,
COULD HANDLE THE SHORT STAPLE COTTON
COMMONLY GROWN IN THE SOUTH.
BUT BEFORE WHITNEY COULD PROFIT FROM THE INVENTION,
OTHERS ILLEGALLY COPIED IT.
HE LEFT THE SOUTH BROKE AND FRUSTRATED.
WHITNEY WENT NORTH TO PURSUE ANOTHER IDEA--MASS PRODUCTION.
HE STARTED MAKING GUNS WITH SOMETHING NEW:
MACHINE-MADE, INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS.
HIS MODEL WENT ON TO HELP SPUR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
OTHER FARMLAND IN ALABAMA
PRODUCED SOMETHING FAR DIFFERENT--
ONE OF THE FASTEST RACE TRACKS IN AMERICA--
THE TALLADEGA SUPERSPEEDWAY.
IT OPENED IN 1969, THE LATEST ADDITION TO THE NASCAR CIRCUIT,
ONE OF THE BIGGEST SPECTATOR SPORTS IN THE WORLD.
THE FIRST ORGANIZED NASCAR RACE WAS IN DAYTONA BEACH IN 1948--
ON THE ACTUAL BEACH.
OVER THE NEXT TWO DECADES, STOCK CAR RACING WOULD EXPLODE,
HITTING THE AIRWAVES THE SAME YEAR TALLADEGA OPENED
AND PRODUCING STARS LIKE PETE HAMILTON
AND DAVID PEARSON.
IN THE '80s AND '90s, THE TRACK WAS DOMINATED BY DALE EARNHARDT
BEFORE HIS DEATH DURING A 2001 DAYTONA RACE.
THE ACCIDENT LED TO RIGOROUS NEW SAFETY MEASURES
IN THE SPORT.
NEARLY 600 MILES FROM THE SPEEDWAY
IS A PLACE THAT COULDN'T BE MORE DIFFERENT--
THE VERY PEACEFUL TOWN OF GREEN BANK, WEST VIRGINIA--
HOME TO THE GREEN BANK RADIO TELESCOPE,
THE WORLD'S BIGGEST LAND-BASED MOVABLE STRUCTURE.
RADIO ASTRONOMERS USE IT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT OUTER SPACE--
BUT THEY NEED THINGS TO BE VERY QUIET.
THAT'S PART OF THE REASON THEY CHOSE THIS TOWN:
THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS PROTECT IT FROM MUCH MANMADE NOISE.
ON TOP OF THAT, RESIDENTS CAN'T USE CELL PHONES,
DIGITAL CAMERAS OR WI-FI CONNECTIONS
BECAUSE THE SIGNALS WOULD INTERFERE
WITH THE ASTRONOMERS' WORK.
IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE STATE
IS WHAT SOME CALL A WORK OF STRUCTURAL ART--
THE NEW RIVER GORGE BRIDGE,
THE LONGEST SINGLE-ARCH STEEL BRIDGE IN THE WORLD.
BEFORE IT WAS BUILT, DRIVERS HAD TO TAKE
A 40-MILE TRIP AROUND THE GORGE.
BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION BEGAN IN 1974,
WITH ENGINEERS STRINGING CABLES BETWEEN TOWERS ON EITHER SIDE.
THE CHALLENGE OF A SINGLE-ARCH DESIGN
IS THAT THE WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE
PUSHES OUTWARD FROM THE ARCH,
THREATENING TO MAKE THE BRIDGE SAG.
BUT IN THIS CASE, THE MOUNTAIN PROVIDES ROCK SOLID SUPPORT.
SOME OF THE GREATEST ARCHITECTURE MADE IN THE U.S.A.
CAME FROM THE MAN BEHIND THIS MASTERPIECE--
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT.
WRIGHT AND HIS STUDENTS STARTED COMING TO ARIZONA IN 1933
TO ESCAPE THE BITTER WINTERS
IN WRIGHT'S HOME STATE OF WISCONSIN.
IN 1937 HE PURCHASED THIS LAND OUTSIDE SCOTTSDALE
TO BUILD A PERMANENT WINTER RETREAT
AND SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE.
WRIGHT'S WORK FOCUSED ON ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE.
TALIESIN'S BUILDINGS ARE LOW, TUCKED INTO THE MOUNTAINS.
WRIGHT AND HIS STUDENTS WOULD COME BACK TO TALIESIN WEST
EVERY WINTER UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1959 AT THE AGE OF 91.
ARIZONA IS ALSO HOME TO ONE OF THE MOST UNIQUE STRUCTURES
EVER MADE IN THE U.S.A.
THIS IS BIOSPHERE TWO IN THE TOWN OF ORACLE, OUTSIDE TUCSON.
IN 1991, SCIENTISTS SEALED EIGHT PEOPLE INSIDE IT FOR TWO YEARS
TO SEE IF HUMANS MIGHT BE ABLE TO COLONIZE ANOTHER PLANET.
INSIDE, THEY HAD A WORKING FARM
ALONG WITH REPLICAS OF AN OCEAN, SAVANNAH, AND RAINFOREST.
SCIENTISTS LEARNED A GREAT DEAL--
BUT THAT WAS LARGELY OVERSHADOWED BY INFIGHTING
BETWEEN BIOSPHERIANS AND SOME OF THEIR BOSSES.
BIOSPHERE TWO IS NOW OWNED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA,
WHICH USES IT TO STUDY CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOLOGY,
AMONG OTHER THINGS.
ELSEWHERE IN ARIZONA, ANOTHER VISIONARY
HAS DIFFERENT IDEAS ABOUT HOW THE FUTURE SHOULD LOOK.
70 MILES NORTH OF PHOENIX IS THE COMMUNITY OF ARCOSANTI--
THE WORK OF ITALIAN ARCHITECT PAOLO SOLERI.
IN 1970, LONG BEFORE "GOING GREEN" WAS POPULAR,
HE STARTED CONSTRUCTING "ARCOLOGIES" HERE--
BUILDINGS THAT BLEND ECOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE.
SOLERI WANTED TO INTRODUCE
A NEW KIND OF CARLESS CITY LIVING
THAT COULD ALSO SAVE THE PLANET.
HIS URBAN EXPERIMENT
ALSO INCORPORATED GREEN EFFORTS LIKE SOLAR POWER.
OVER THE DECADES, PEOPLE HAVE COME FROM AROUND THE WORLD
TO LIVE AND WORK AT ARCOSANTI,
BUT THE TOTAL POPULATION NEVER APPROACHED
THE 5,000 MARK SOLERI ENVISIONED.
FROM FORWARD-THINKING ARCHITECTS IN THE SOUTHWEST...
TO RESOURCEFUL TOWNSPEOPLE IN THE MIDWEST...
WHAT'S MADE IN THE U.S.A.
HAS CHANGED DRASTICALLY OVER THE DECADES.
IN THE EARLY 1900s,
AMERICANS WERE JUST BEGINNING TO TAKE FLIGHT.
WITHIN 70 YEARS, SOME WERE LANDING SPACE SHUTTLES.
THIS IS A COUNTRY THAT WENT FROM DRIVING THE AUTO INDUSTRY
TO POWERING THE INTERNET.
AND FROM SINGING THE BLUES...
TO THAT GROUNDBREAKING MOTOWN SOUND.
REGARDLESS OF HOW THE TECHNOLOGY OR LANDSCAPE MAY CHANGE,
ONE THING WILL REMAIN THE SAME--
AMERICA WILL CONTINUE TO REINVENT ITSELF.
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