My name in Ana González and I have been at the Museo del Prado for nearly 21 years, where I work in the
Technical Documentation Department. Today I will be talking to you about this painting by Raphael.
It was executed for a monastery in Palermo, the monastery of Santa Maria dello Spasimo,
hence the painting's name, Lo Spasimo de Sicilia.\NRaphael painted it around 1516 at the time
when he was the Pope's archaeologist and an architect, overwhelmed with work, while just a few years
before he had set up a very large studio. The painting arrived in Spain in 1661 and has always been
in the Royal Collection, apart from a moment in 1813 when Napoleon decided that he wanted
to unite all of Raphael's oeuvre in France to create a Napoleonic museum,
and his brother Joseph Bonaparte removed this one and other works by Raphael from the royal collection
and took them to France.\NIt is now on canvas but originally it was not a canvas
This work was painted on panel.
What happened with these paintings? In the mid-18th century a type of restoration
became fashionable in France known as transposition of the support, which consisted of removing
the wooden support of paintings, leaving just the pictorial layer and transferring it to canvas.
Damages caused in the paintings were very significant. Last year a book called
"Patrimonio en conflicto" was published. In it we explain what damages suffered the paintings
because it was necessary to rough down the wood with axes
and then the remains were removed with a knife.
They did this because they thought wood was a focus of problems for paintings as
it is eaten by woodworm, it moves and opens, and they were obsessed with
what they called "giving the works eternal life". They thought that by removing the wood they would remove
the source of the problems and that these paintings transferred to canvas would last for much longer.
They also did this because they thought that all the paint layers were separate,
that the support was one thing, the preparation another and the pictorial layer another,
and that really the only thing that mattered in a painting was the paint layer.
A study of artists' techniques reveals that this separation is never that precise,
particularly with figures such as Raphael who conceived their works as a whole from the outset.
When they chose the wood they knew what type of wood they were choosing and why its particular
texture would influence the effect it would have on the surface. When they applied
the preparation they did it in a very striated way so that it produced certain visual effects
that decide or condition the way we see the paintings. If we remove
some of these layers, firstly we are removing original material, the painter's decision
to make it look like that, and secondly we are completely modifying the vision
that he wanted us to have of the work.
They returned to Spain 1818 and since 1839 the painting has been in the Museo del Prado.
When they arrived here no one said anything, no one mentioned what had happened to them.
Other documents that we come across are
by travellers, particularly those who came to Spain, German and English travellers, among whose
regular complaints on visiting the Prado was the orangeish layer of varnish
that covered the paintings by Raphael. Another person who protested about this a lot was Vicente Poleró in the
mid-19th century, who wrote a marvellous treatise on restoration that took technique into account,
and he says it is clear that the paintings are so covered in varnish, with layers of such dark varnish,
that it is impossible to distinguish paintings of one school from another or even
Raphael's own paintings within his oeuvre.
The paintings were so soaked in varnish that no one noticed the damage underneath
until they were restored, but it was not until nearly 1980 that the first restorations began
to be undertaken, when we took the first X-radiographs but above all it is from
the infrared-reflectographs that we have been able to detail what types of damage can be attributed
to those transpositions. What started all this? Starting in the 19th century and obviously
if the paintings are being manipulated that much, glazes will inevitably be removed,
in some cases leaving the initial brushstrokes, as in this figure for example. So what happened?
It was in the early and mid-19th century that the great monographs on Raphael were being
written, and his paintings started to be described as if they were made in pieces, like jigsaw puzzles.
But for me this is not a workshop intervention, it is not that Giulio Romano did
a head and Gianfrancesco Penni painted the left toe of the right foot, it is
that these areas of damage underwent major changes during the restorations.
Even so, as with all the great masters, this work reveals a marvellous technique,
preserving a great deal of what it originally had,
Christ's head retains many of the glazes
and some specific details such as the way the drops of blood are represented,
then there's another lovely part which is Simon Cyrene's shoulder
in which Raphael played with areas of very diluted paint
where he is almost working with the preparation, while the use of impasto in other areas
seems almost sculptural, such as the ones on the mantle, which when seen under raking light show all
the relief and pigment of these brushstrokes.
These paintings are very damaged, but they have been very well restored.
This painting was restored by Rafael Alonso in 2011 and it has to be said that he did a
masterly job as he succeeded in recovering part of the work's material substance,
its original essence.
With regard to what I mentioned about workshop participation,
it is difficult to know to what extent Raphael's studio was involved in this case.
In my opinion Raphael allowed his studio to entirely undertake complete procedures, as this was
much easier to disguise. He himself exercised absolute control over the quality
of the work so that every painting that left his studio could be considered
an authentic Raphael, and essentially they are authentic Raphaels, but in many cases
they are Raphaels painted by someone else. In my opinion, this is the case for example
with The Visitation, which was completely painted by Giulio Romano but entirely under the strict
supervision of Raphael, possibly with Raphael producing a detailed preparatory drawing process that concluded
with small models which he used to devise the arrangement of the light and shadow, and this was then
transferred to a cartoon with the complete composition. The studio was always involved in transferring
this composition to the preparatory layer in order to produce the under-drawing.
Raphael then made small free-hand adjustments which were extremely important
for the final composition in the sense that they often clarified spaces, movements
and relations. The first brushstrokes or distribution of the colour
may also have been the work of the studio, but only one person,
as this was subsequently much easier to integrate into the visible image,
and Raphael would then have made all the adjustments to the surface, ensuring that
the figures were fully integrated. This is one of our hypotheses.
I would like to encourage you to look at the painting and to read the most recent
research published in the last few years. Many thanks for your interest.
For more infomation >> Despedida de Gerena. Sevilla - Duration: 0:35. 
For more infomation >> Salt Cathedral in Zipaquira, ABSOLUTELY AMAZING! - Miguel in Bogotá - Duration: 14:11. 
For more infomation >> Caricaturas de carros para niños - Desenhos animados para niños - Duration: 31:30. 
For more infomation >> La Consciencia de la Unidad · MUNDO PRANICO - Duration: 11:10. 
For more infomation >> [CA] #3erTorneoPCM | Encuentros 29-abr | Premio - Duration: 8:12. 
For more infomation >> Frozen Elsa, Anna & Barbie POOL JUMP Spiderman Prank - ELSA FLEW TO THE SKY Superheroes Funny Videos - Duration: 10:56. 
For more infomation >> Peugeot 108 1.0 e-VTi 5-DRS Blue Lease (AC/BlueTooth) - Duration: 0:59. 
For more infomation >> Beaded bracelet and Beads Master Class! Beaded Bracelet for Beginners! - Duration: 10:24. 
For more infomation >> Actualizar tu navegador usando Wi-Fi® - Duration: 2:54. 
For more infomation >> VIDEOS de Peppa Pig en Español ►Reciclando - Capitulos Completos - Duration: 4:44. 
For more infomation >> Thunkable MIT App Inventor 2 Veja como é simples Criar Aplicativos Mobile de Baixar vídeos do YouTub - Duration: 7:17. 
For more infomation >> Cómo recuperar sus datos de un disco duro o dispositivo dañado en 3 pasos - Duration: 1:05. 
For more infomation >> amazing God is Good - Duration: 5:03. 
For more infomation >> Samsung Galaxy Xcover 4 Review - Duration: 0:52. 
For more infomation >> Tomato Sauce Recipe - Homemade Tomato Ketchup - Recipe In Hindi with English Subtitles - Duration: 5:42. 
For more infomation >> Бабочки как бантики Футаж Фон для видеомонтажа HD - Duration: 0:37. 
For more infomation >> It's phone week! Top 5 things to do with your 📱 !!! - Duration: 3:43. 
For more infomation >> Toyota Celica 1.8i - Duration: 0:51. 
For more infomation >> Never Have I Ever | Roommates // Aš niekada žaidimas - Duration: 14:34. 
For more infomation >> Citroën C1 1.0i 68PK 5D Selection - Duration: 1:03. 
For more infomation >> Toyota Aygo 1.0 VVT-I ASPIRATION - Duration: 1:05. 
For more infomation >> Toyota Aygo 1.0 VVT-I X-WAVE NAVIGATIE,SCHUIFDAK,ACH CAM,CRUISE C,LM VELGEN - Duration: 0:54. 
For more infomation >> Mazda 323 1.6I GLX TECHNISCH PRIMA !! APK TOT 28-04-2017 - Duration: 0:59. 
For more infomation >> [THAISUB] BTS 꿀 FM 06.13 2nd BTS birthday 'BTS FESTA 2015' + สลับท่อนร้อง - Duration: 59:35. 
For more infomation >> ATM Rozrywka - 2 bloki reklamowe i kolejna zapowiedź serialu z 29 czerwca 2016 roku - Duration: 7:11. 
For more infomation >> VLOG | 10K Subscribers | FREE Giveaway!!! (Read Description) - Duration: 3:06. 
For more infomation >> FREE Real Epic Rap beat Trap Instrumental Hip Hop Hard Deep 808 Trap beat 2017 - Duration: 2:37. 
For more infomation >> Sony Vegas Pro: Cielo nocturno en 5 minutos (o menos) - Duration: 5:13. 
For more infomation >> Ding v O'Sullivan {HD} [QF] Fr6 2017 World Championship Snooker - Duration: 19:15. 
For more infomation >> Vereadores de Teresina aprovam PL que proíbe pichações - Duration: 2:51. 
For more infomation >> TREINO RAPIDO PARA AUMENTAR GLUTEOS EM CASA. Treino de Pernas e Gluteos. Como Aumentar Gluteos - Duration: 4:15. 
For more infomation >> Peugeot 107 1.0 12v 5drs. Milliesim (Airco) - Duration: 0:48. 
For more infomation >> Moradores cobram conclusão de obra da avenida São Francisco - Duration: 1:30. 
For more infomation >> Novidades do ArcGIS Pro 1.4 - Duration: 12:48. 
For more infomation >> 電子機器無しで現在地を知る ナビをする ローテクな方法で安心です ARINOコンパス - Duration: 6:24. 
For more infomation >> A Insustentável Motivação na Produtividade | Eduardo Amaral | Fatores da Produtividade - Duration: 4:06. 
For more infomation >> Progressões para Teste ANPAD, ENEM e Concursos - Duration: 2:01:47. 
No comments:
Post a Comment