Tuesday, April 18, 2017

Youtube daily report w Apr 18 2017

Renal refers to the kidney, tubular refers to the portion of the nephron containing the

tubular fluid, and acidosis refers to having too many protons or increased acidity in blood,

so renal tubular acidosis or RTA describes increased acidity in the blood due to failure

of the renal tubules to get rid of protons.

The kidneys contain millions of nephrons, each of which has a renal corpuscle, and a

renal tubule that eventually ends in a collecting duct.

The renal corpuscle filters large amounts of solutes that go from the blood into the

filtrate and eventually urine, and the renal tubule and collecting duct are responsible

for fine tuning the reabsorption and secretion of solutes to adjust the amount that ultimately

gets removed or retained by the body.

Now, renal tubular acidosis can develop in three different parts of the nephron: the

proximal part of the renal tubule, the distal part of the renal tubule, and in the collecting

ducts.

All of these parts of the nephron play a key role in acid-base homeostasis, which is the

balance between acids and bases to regulate the body's pH.

Functionally, acid-base balance can be broken into two parts - the reabsorption of bicarbonate

and the excretion of acids or free hydrogen ions.

The reabsorption of bicarbonate mostly takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule, and

the excretion of hydrogen ions mostly take place in the distal convoluted tubule and

some parts of the collecting ducts.

The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by brush border cells, that act like a sponge,

because they help with the reabsorption of water, salt, and most of the bicarbonate.

The brush border cells have two sides: one side is the apical surface which faces the

tubular lumen and is lined with microvilli.

Microvilli increase the luminal surface area and help with solute reabsorption.

The other side of the cells - is the the basolateral surface - which faces the blood vessels - known

as the peritubular capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels that run alongside and

around the nephron.

The cells lining the proximal tubule have specialized transporters and pumps, that help

move ions, like sodium, chloride, and potassium, out of the lumen and into the blood.

These ion transporters are antiporters because they move an ion out of the lumen in exchange

for pushing another one into the lumen.

They can be located in the apical or basolateral surface.

In total, there is 1 pump, 1 group of enzymes, and 2 ion transporters that help regulate

pH in the proximal tubule.

The pump is the Na/K ATPase pump, which is found on the basolateral surface, and it pushes

three sodium ions out of the cell while pulling two potassium ions into the cell.

The pump uses ATP and to help keep it running the cells are packed with mitochondria.

When bicarbonate reaches the proximal tubule it binds to hydrogen ions to form carbonic

acid and an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase type 4 brakes carbonic acid into water and

carbon dioxide, both of which happily diffuses across the membrane into the cells.

Once water and carbon dioxide are inside the cell, carbonic anhydrase type 2 combines them

once again to form carbonic acid, which then dissolves to form hydrogen and bicarbonate.

There is a sodium bicarbonate cotransporter located on the basolateral surface that moves

sodium and bicarbonate from the cell to the blood.

And there's also a sodium-hydrogen exchanger on the apical surface, that allows 1 sodium

ion to enter the cell and 1 hydrogen ion to enter the lumen.

This allows for a net movement of sodium and bicarbonate from the lumen to the blood.

As the filtered fluid travels through the nephron, it eventually reaches the distal

convoluted tubule.

There are special tubular cells that play an important role in acid-base physiology

called alpha intercalated cells, and they're responsible for secreting hydrogen ions via

the H+/ATPase into the lumen, which acidifies the tubular fluid.

The alpha intercalated cells also reabsorb the remaining bits of bicarbonate that remains

using the same carbonic acid carbonic acid trick that was used in the proximal convoluted

tubule.

Ultimately, there's the collecting duct which is lined by 2 types of cells: principal

cells and intercalated cells.

The principal cells are aldosterone-responsive, and are also ENac-expressing cells, which

means they mediate water and sodium reabsorption.

And then there are the intercalated cells, which are categorized into two types: alpha-intercalated

cells, which secrete acids, and beta-intercalated cells, which secrete base.

The alpha-intercalated cells are tall, columnar epithelial cells which contain an H+ ATPase

pump in their apical surface, which allows hydrogen ions to exit the cell and acidify

tubular fluid.

In contrast, the beta-intercalated cells are shorter and have an apical chloride-bicarbonate

exchanger in their apical surface, known as pendrin, which allows bicarbonate to be absorbed

into the blood in exchange for chloride.

Subsequently, chloride is then reabsorbed back into the blood passively due to a concentration

gradient or actively as it can be pumped back into the blood with potassium by the potassium

chloride pump, which is located in the basolateral surface of intercalated cells, enabling the

cell to secrete base.

The hormone aldosterone -- a steroid hormone that helps control sodium and potassium levels--

plays a super important role in the control of Na+ and K+ ions along the principal and

intercalated cells within the distal and collecting ducts, which are essential for pumps and transporters

to function properly.

Aldosterone allows more sodium to flow from the blood into the principal or intercalated

cells through sodium channels (ENaC).

Aldosterone also activates the sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+K+ATPase) on the basolateral surface

of principle cells, pumping sodium into the blood and potassium into the cell.

On the apical surface of the principal cells, there's also an ATP-dependent potassium

channel pump that pushes potassium out of the cell and into the lumen.

[AMMONIUM] Finally, in the lumen of the collecting duct, hydrogen ions bind to phosphate to be

excreted in the form of weak acids, like dihydrogen phosphate - which functions as a urinary buffer-

meaning that it helps to keep the urine's pH regulated--.

Additionally, hydrogen ions also bind to ammonia which is responsible for carrying hydrogen

ions to form ammonium, so that they can be disposed in the urine.

In the presence of an increased acid load, the phosphate ions are used up and the kidney

then increases its production of ammonium.

In RTA type I or distal renal tubular acidosis, the distal tubule and collecting duct are

unable to secrete hydrogen ions.

There are three ways in which RTA type I can develop, the first, and most common way, is

a dysfunction of the H+ATPase pump, which results in fewer hydrogen ions getting secreted

into the lumen.

The buildup of hydrogen ions in the cell leads to a subsequent buildup of hydrogen ions in

the blood - resulting in acidemia.

The second most common mechanism is dysfunction of the H+K+ATPase pump, which also leads to

acidemia as well as hypokalemia because fewer potassium ions are able to make it into the

blood.

The third, and least common, mechanism is a defect in the Cl-HCO3 antiporter, which

causes a decrease in bicarbonate reabsorption, which leads to a decrease in bicarbonate levels

in the blood and results in acidemia.

The reason that these pumps and transporters don't function properly are typically because

of either genetic mutations or acquired defects from medications like lithium and amphotericin

B or autoimmune diseases like Sjogren's disease --where there is autoantibodies against carbonic

anhydrases type II which impairs the distal tubule capacity to generate hydrogen.

In RTA type II or proximal renal tubular acidosis there is a defect in bicarbonate reabsorption

within the proximal tubule, which leads to urinary bicarbonate wasting.

There are 2 ways by which RTA type II can develop, the first is a dysfunction of the

Na+H antiporter located in apical surface of brush border cells, which results in a

decrease of sodium reabsorption and hydrogen secretion.

Therefore, decreased hydrogen secretion causes a decrease in hydrogen reabsorption, and bicarbonate

is wasted in the urine--causing the urine the be alkaline, and the blood's pH to be

acid--.

The second defect, is caused by the faulty Na HCO3 cotransporter which impairs the exit

of hydrogen ions from the brush border cell into the lumen in exchange for sodium, as

they would normally get reabsorbed with bicarbonate.

By decreasing bicarbonate reabsorption hypobicarbonatemia sets in, and acidosis occurs.

Over time, as there's less bicarbonate getting filtered out, so the proximal tubule is able

to reabsorb what little bicarbonate is there, and the urine becomes acidic once more.

The underlying cause of an RTA type II can be the presence of carbonic anhydrase type

II and IV inhibitors, as well as, Fanconi syndrome -where there is an acquired on inherited

defect in the function of the carriers that transport substances across the luminal membrane

of the proximal tubule, or toxicity from metals like lead, which binds to lead-binding proteins

in proximal tubular cells of the renal tubules, and disrupts the normal flow of ions.

In RTA type III there is a defect in both the distal and proximal tubule, a fairly uncommon

situation.

The causes are not well understood, but some cases have been associated with congenital

carbonic anhydrase deficiency, this is because carbonic anhydrases are present in both distal

and proximal tubule, therefore a deficiency would cause a problem with bicarbonate reabsorption

in proximal tubule and acid excretion in the distal tubule and collecting ducts.

RTA type IV is sometimes called hyperkalemic acidosis is related to aldosterone deficiency

or resistance in the collecting ducts.

Aldosterone deficiency usually results from low renin levels due to destruction of the

juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney --which normally produce the renin--.

Other causes of adrenal insufficiency include Addison's disease as well as medications like

ACE inhibitors or potassium sparing diuretics.

In contrast, aldosterone resistance results from XXXXXX.

Within principal cells a lack of a

The loss of aldosterone leads to a loss of Na+ and retention of K+ in the blood, which

causes hyperkalemia or increased levels of potassium in blood.

This high concentration of potassium affects the H/K+ ATPase pump which exchanges potassium

with hydrogen ions at the basolateral surface of principal cells in the collecting ducts.

This leaves few hydrogen ions in the cells resulting in an intracellular alkalosis.

This intracellular alkalosis, occurs due to the cell-to-cell exchange of potassium for

hydrogen resulting in the exit of hydrogen ion from the cell.

This consequently inhibits NH3 synthesis from glutamine, which creates an increased acidity

in urine, because there are lots of hydrogen ions but nothing to buffer them.

The most common cause of aldosterone deficiency.

But can also be caused by aldosterone deficiency or resistance within principal cells.

An example of an acquired defect would be when an illness like systemic lupus which

can cause a H+ channel dysfunction or when a medications like amphotericin B and lithium

cause increased permeability of distal tubule cells to H+.

The ROMK channel is an ATP-dependent potassium channel that transports potassium out of cells,

and it plays a major role in potassium secretion in the collecting duct of the nephron.

However, if there is no hydrogen there is no formation of ammonium, and there will be

all these hydrogen ions hanging around so acidosis will occur.

in the ammonium secretion and therefore a decrease in urine buffering capacity that

occurs in collecting duct lumen.

Symptoms of renal tubular acidosis which is a type of metabolic acidosis include vomiting,

abdominal pain, and decreased appetite.

Some types of RTA like RTA type I, can be particularly distinguished by causing urine

to be alkaline, which causes hypercalciuria and leads to the precipitation of calcium

oxalate which can cause painful kidney stones.

If left untreated, severe metabolic acidosis can lead to multi-system organ failure, in

which acidemia causes vasodilation of peripheral arterioles.

Renal tubular acidosis is a cause of metabolic acidosis, and therefore, symptoms include

shortness of breath, hyperventilation, - specifically called Kussmaul breathing-- which occurs in

response to low partial pressure of CO2 and low bicarbonate because of a forced increased

respiration, blowing off the carbon dioxide

[DIAGNOSIS] Renal tubular acidosis is diagnosed based on high levels of hydrogen ions in the

blood, low bicarbonate, and pH below 7.35.

Renal tubular acidosis is a metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap, which means that

the difference between measured anions --Cl- and HCO3- and cations -- Na+ and Cl+-- is

between 8 mEq/L and 12 mEq/L. To identify the differences between renal tubular acidosis,

lab tests like blood potassium and urine pH are typically done, which differ among different

types of RTA.

A detection of a low serum bicarbonate concentration and negative base excess.

If respiratory compensation has been inadequate, systemic pH will be reduced.

Type of RTA Where the defect is?

pH Potassium

Additional Findings RTA Type I

Distal Convoluted Tubule Urine pH >6

Salts are more likely to precipitate at higher pH.

Hypokalemia Decreased H+ in the lumen

High urine Ca+2 Stones

RTA Type II Proximal convoluted tubule

Initially: excess bicarbonate excretion Urine >6 (high)

After: Bicarbonate loss Urine pH low

< 5.5

Hypokalemia Bone demineralization and multiple myeloma

RTA Type III Mixed

Urine pH <5.5 Hypokalemia

- RTA Type IV

Distal (DCT/CD) Aldosterone

Urine pH < 5.5 Hyperkalemia

Hypoaldosteronism

[TREATMENT] In RTA type I and II, the main goal is to replenish bicarbonate and correct

hypokalemia with potassium citrate.

In RTA type II, this can be achieved with thiazides that act by producing volume depletion

and increasing the reclaiming threshold of bicarbonate.

For RTA type IV, the goal is to treat hypoaldosteronism with fludrocortisone or loop diuretics, which

increase sodium delivery to the collecting duct and increase the exchange between hydrogen

and potassium.

Alright, as a quick recap, renal tubular acidosis describes a condition in which the kidney

is unable to secrete acids or reabsorb bicarbonate from the body.

And this most commonly results in metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap.

Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV.

High levels of hydrogen in blood lead to issues that result in multisystemic organ failure.

Thanks for watching, you can help support us by donating on patreon, or subscribing

to our channel, or telling your friends about us on social media.

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Anemia Treatment with Natural Superfood - Duration: 10:11.

Hi, I'm Julie. on this occasion i will talk about Top 10 Superfoods to Combat Anemia.

Please note: The content provided below and elsewhere on this video is not intended nor should it be construed as providing professional medical or nutritional advice.

Do not rely on information provided on this video for your health problems. instead, consult a qualified medical professional for advice.

Anemia affects about 3.5 million Americans, especially women.

Anemia occurs when a person's red blood cell (RBC) count is too low and the hemoglobin level in the blood falls below normal.

Hemoglobin consists of haeme (iron) and globin (protein). Both of these elements are required for supplying oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body.

A healthy diet plan is very important if you are anemic. You must include foods that contain vitamin B12, iron and folic acid.

Here are the top 10 superfoods to combat anemia.

1. Soybeans

All the different varieties of beans are a great source of iron, but you need to prepare them properly to get the benefit.

Beans contain phytic acid that blocks the absorption of iron. The best way to reduce the phytic acid content is to soak the beans overnight in warm water before cooking them.

When it comes to iron content in beans, soybeans top the list. Just one cup of boiled soybeans meets half the recommended daily requirement of this mineral.

Also, soybeans are a low-fat, high-protein food that help diminish anemia.

2. Whole Grain Bread

Whole grain bread is a good source of non-heme iron, which the body needs to fight an iron deficiency.

While whole grain in high in iron content, it also has iron inhibitors in the form of phytic acid.

But because whole grain bread is made after fermenting the grains, the phytic acid automatically gets reduced.

Just one slice of whole grain bread provides your body with about 6 percent of the daily iron requirement.

Also, whole grain breads are enriched with additional nutrients that can help the body fight off many diseases and restore healthy biological functions.

3. Oatmeal

Although oats are high in iron, they too contain phytic acid that inhibits iron absorption. However, you can buy oatmeal fortified with iron.

Regular oatmeal is generally not fortified with iron; whereas many instant oatmeals are.

According to the USDA Nutrient Database, a cup of fortified instant oatmeal prepared with water meets 60 percent of the required daily amount of iron.

Fortified oatmeal also contains B-12 and other B vitamins.

4. Red Meat

Red meat, such as beef and pork, contains a high amount of heme iron, which is easier for the body to absorb than plant-based non-heme iron.

Liver is the best option to boost your blood with iron and B vitamins.

According to the USDA, beef liver has more than 600 percent of your daily requirements of iron and vitamin B-12.

5. Eggs

Foods with lots of antioxidants as well as protein foods such as eggs help replenish vitamins lost during an anemic condition.

Eggs provide a generous supply of dietary nutrients with very few calories.

One large egg contains about 1mg of iron which provides about 7% RNI (Reference Nutrient Intake) for females and 11% RNI for males.

The assimilation of iron increases when supplemented with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), so have a glass of orange juice with your eggs.

Regular consumption of eggs also helps build strong joints and bones.

6. Peanut Butter

Peanut butter is a good source of iron. Just two tablespoons of peanut butter contains 0.6mg of iron. Adult men require 8mg whereas women require 18mg iron daily.

Simply have a peanut butter sandwich, along with a glass of orange juice. The vitamin C in the orange juice will increase the absorption of iron contained in the peanut butter.

If you do not like the taste of peanut butter, munching on roasted peanuts will do the trick.

7. Spinach

Leafy green vegetables like spinach are a good source of iron as well as vitamin C. Spinach also contains fiber, vitamins A, B9, C and E,

calcium and beta-carotene that are essential for a healthy body. Half a cup of boiled spinach contains 3.2mg of iron, or a little less then 20 percent of the daily requirement for women.

You can also eat spinach in a salad, soup or any kind of side dish. Other leafy green vegetables that that are beneficial for an anemic person are lettuce,

celery, broccoli, fenugreek, watercress and kale.

8. Tomatoes

Food rich in vitamin C, such as tomatoes, can also help combat anemia. The vitamin C helps the body absorb iron. Try to drink a glass of raw tomato juice, at least once a day.

Avoid caffeinated drinks such as tea and coffee as they can interfere with iron absorption.

Tomatoes also contain beta-carotene and vitamin E, which can improve the condition of your skin and hair.

9. Pomegranates

Pomegranates contain vitamin C, iron, vitamins A and E, as well as fiber and potassium. You can maintain healthy blood flow in the body by eating pomegranates in any form,

including juice. Pomegranates supply iron to your blood and thus help reduce anemic symptoms including exhaustion, dizziness, weakness and hearing loss

10. Beetroot

Beetroot, as a cooked vegetable or in salad form, is one of the best ways to combat anemia. You can also drink fresh beetroot juice.

Beetroot includes cleansing attributes along with a good amount of iron content.

All these nutrients help to restore and reactivate the red blood cells, which in turn lead to an adequate supply of fresh oxygen throughout your body.

To treat anemia, it is best to use red beetroot. Adding these foods to your diet will help combat anemia and restore overall health.

Also, it is important to drink plenty of water, get some sunshine, and exercise daily.

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...so it's basically going to be shifting all the work that we did with the brain memory

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So, it's a very important step to do because it really allows us to fully apply what we

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� How to Hide the List of Groups on the Social Network VKontakte - Duration: 2:00.

Hello friends!

You are with Larisa Levinskaya again.

And today will be devoted to video

the topic: How do you hide groups

you are subscribed to the social network Vkontakte.

If you have this problem,

I'll show you how to do it.

I download your profile in social network vkontakte.

And take a look.

This is the sokreshhennom version of the profile

Select the "Show details".

And look

huge list of groups.

99% is a reciprocal subscription.

And in fact these groups I

not quite interesting.

Go towards colleagues,

they are respectively at the meeting.

For that he thanks!

Task to hide from prying eyes, all of these groups.

What I do for this?

I visit, choose here near its

a small image at the top right.

There is such a small triangle.

Choose "Settings".

Then choose "Privacy".

And are here in "Privacy" watch carefully

There is such an item in the menu

"Who sees a list of my groups"

I choose the "all users"

choose "friends only"

Select "only me"

"All..."

"Some friends".

In this case, select "only me".

I chose.

Let's see how it will work.

I go back to your page.

Copy the link address.

Open any other browser.

In this case I had browser Google Chrom.

It automatically remembering the password.

I choose the browser,

through which I'm in Vkontakte not enter.

In order to see how it will look

extraneous eyes.

At the command prompt, wrote

address of your profile.

Press The Enter Key.

I came on my own page

just as a visitor, as a guest.

Select the "Show details".

Here's a quote all the group are hidden.

As you can see, I have this and sought.

I hope that today's video

It was useful for you.

Place the dog!

Subscribe to RSS feed!

With you was Larisa Levinskaya.

See you soon!

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Top 10 Real Alien Sightings Caught on Camera 2017 NEW!!!

This video is covered under fair use and does not breach copyright and everything has only been used in parts and only to get my point across and everything has been added to or adjusted, however if you have any queries please message me first and it can be sorted out very easily!

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Trump doesn't appear to know who North Korea's leader is - Duration: 0:53.

president and the first lady

Melania trump.

They were nice to take a

little bit of time to

interview us and this is what

they said.

Ainsley: The vice president is

in Asia doing the four stop

tour.

He said basically the united

States is running out of

patience clearly a please sage

to North Korea.

A Navy fleet sent into the sea

of Japan right now.

Have you ruled out a strike.

>> I don't want to rule out

what I'm think.

We will see what happens.

I hope things work out well.

I hope there is going to be

peace they have been talking

to this gentleman for a long

time.

You read Clinton's book oh we

made such a great peace deal

and it was a joke.

You look at different things

over the years with president

Obama.

Everybody has been outplayed.

They have all been outplayed

by this gentleman.

And we will see what happens.

But I just don't telegraph my

moves.

Ainsley: Did we sabotage the

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Zedd, Alessia Cara - Stay (Official Music Video) - Duration: 3:34.

♪ ♪

♪ WAITING FOR THE TIME TO PASS YOU BY ♪

♪ HOPE THE WINDS OF CHANGE WILL CHANGE YOUR MIND ♪

♪ I COULD GIVE A THOUSAND REASONS WHY ♪

♪ AND I KNOW YOU AND YOU'VE GOT TO ♪

♪ MAKE IT ON YOUR OWN BUT, WE DON'T HAVE GROW UP, ♪

♪ WE CAN STAY FOREVER YOUNG ♪

♪ LIVING ON MY SOFA, DRINKING RUM AND COLA, ♪

♪ UNDERNEATH THE RISING SUN ♪

♪ I COULD GIVE A THOUSAND REASONS WHY ♪

♪ BUT YOU'RE GOING AND YOU KNOW THAT ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS STAY A MINUTE ♪

♪ JUST TAKE YOUR TIME THE CLOCK IS TICKING SO STAY ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS WAIT A SECOND ♪

♪ YOUR HANDS, ON MINE ♪

♪ THE CLOCK IS TICKING ♪

♪ SO STAY ♪

♪ ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS ♪

♪ ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS STAY ♪

♪ WON'T ADMIT WHAT I ALREADY KNOW ♪

♪ I'VE NEVER BEEN THE BEST AT LETTING GO ♪

♪ I DON'T WANNA SPEND THE NIGHT ALONE ♪

♪ YES I NEED YOU AND I NEED TO ♪

♪ MAKE IT ON MY OWN BUT, I DON'T WANNA GROW UP, ♪

♪ WE CAN STAY FOREVER YOUNG ♪

♪ LIVING ON MY SOFA, DRINKING RUM AND COLA, ♪

♪ UNDERNEATH THE RISING SUN ♪

♪ I COULD GIVE A MILLION REASONS WHY ♪

♪ BUT YOU'RE GOING AND YOU KNOW THAT ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS STAY A MINUTE ♪

♪ JUST TAKE YOUR TIME THE CLOCK IS TICKING SO STAY ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS WAIT A SECOND ♪

♪ YOUR HANDS, ON MINE ♪

♪ THE CLOCK IS TICKING SO STAY ♪

♪ ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS ♪

♪ ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS STAY ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS STAY ♪

♪ SO STAY ♪

♪ YEAH ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS STAY A MINUTE ♪

♪ JUST TAKE YOUR TIME THE CLOCK IS TICKING SO STAY ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS WAIT A SECOND ♪

♪ YOUR HANDS, ON MINE ♪

♪ THE CLOCK IS TICKING ♪

♪ SO STAY ♪

♪ ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS STAY ♪

♪ STAY ♪

♪ ♪

For more infomation >> Zedd, Alessia Cara - Stay (Official Music Video) - Duration: 3:34.

-------------------------------------------

Opel Corsa 1.4T S&S 66KW COLOR ED. 5DR - Duration: 1:00.

For more infomation >> Opel Corsa 1.4T S&S 66KW COLOR ED. 5DR - Duration: 1:00.

-------------------------------------------

Kia Sportage 1.6 T-GDI GT-Line FULL OPTIONS, RIJKLAAR!!! - Duration: 1:03.

For more infomation >> Kia Sportage 1.6 T-GDI GT-Line FULL OPTIONS, RIJKLAAR!!! - Duration: 1:03.

-------------------------------------------

Kia cee'd 1.0 T-GDI 120 PK GT-LINE garantie, Navi, Rijklaar!! - Duration: 1:01.

For more infomation >> Kia cee'd 1.0 T-GDI 120 PK GT-LINE garantie, Navi, Rijklaar!! - Duration: 1:01.

-------------------------------------------

Kia Rio 1.0 T-GDI 100pk First Edition DEMO VOORDEEL!!! - Duration: 1:01.

For more infomation >> Kia Rio 1.0 T-GDI 100pk First Edition DEMO VOORDEEL!!! - Duration: 1:01.

-------------------------------------------

Y a-t-il un BON MOMENT pour PARIER ? Comment en profiter ? - Duration: 3:10.

For more infomation >> Y a-t-il un BON MOMENT pour PARIER ? Comment en profiter ? - Duration: 3:10.

-------------------------------------------

Maury Show (April 18, 2017) : I'M 33 AND STERILE…I CAN'T BE THE FATHER OF THIS TEEN'S BABY! - Duration: 35:01.

For more infomation >> Maury Show (April 18, 2017) : I'M 33 AND STERILE…I CAN'T BE THE FATHER OF THIS TEEN'S BABY! - Duration: 35:01.

-------------------------------------------

Movies That Will Blow Everyone Away In Summer 2017 - Duration: 12:30.

Sunburn.

Seagulls.

Knife-wielding crabs.

Three very good reasons to spend absolutely no time outside this summer.

Thankfully, there are at least seventeen more excellent reasons to cancel your beach plans

this year.

Eighteen if you count the fact that you'll definitely get sand in your bathing suit area.

The summer of 2017 has some must-sees for anybody's list, so butter up your popcorn

and let's get your butt-meats in the theater seats for these blockbuster films.

Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales

We're four films deep into the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise, and Johnny Depp's

Captain Jack Sparrow is still swashbuckling his way across the seven seas.

The newest installment, Dead Men Tell No Tales, will bring us one film deeper.

This time, the race is on to find the Trident of Poseidon, which gives its owner complete

power over the seas.

The notoriously creepy Javier Bardem appears as Jack's undead nemesis, and franchise favorites

Orlando Bloom and Geoffrey Rush are making a return to the series once more.

Also, watch out for a cameo by Paul McCartney in his second weirdest nautical film role

when the film is released on May 26th.

Baywatch

Let's be totally honest: no one ever watched Baywatch in the '90s for its stimulating plot.

No, it was mostly for the totally wicked Hulk Hogan jet ski accidents.

"Whooa, ohhhh, ah!

Ohhhhh, ah...oh!"

Now, the TV hit best known for its red swimsuits and slow motion running is back, this time

as a big-screen comedy.

Hey, it worked for 21 Jump Street, right?

"My name is Jeff."

Starring Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson and Zac Efron as lifeguards who have to stop a criminal

mastermind, and with cameos by original Baywatch stars Pamela Anderson and David Hasselhoff,

this film looks like a pretty good way to start your summer.

Hit the beach on May 26th.

Wonder Woman

On June 2nd, Wonder Woman finally gets a film of her own… and it only took like 76 years.

Seriously, how many Batman and Superman movies do we need before a lady finally gets a break?

A far cry from the spinning Wonder Woman of the '70s, Gal Gadot's turn as the superhero

has already proven that she can kick some butt and use her lasso like a boss.

Now, her solo film explores her Amazonian origins, and life during World War I. Plus,

Chris Pine has a history of making new franchises great, so his place in the cast is a great

sign.

The Mummy

Welcome to the Universal Cinematic Universe.

The….

Universal Universe.

The Cinematic Universal?

Actually, we're not totally sure what they're calling it yet.

On June 9th, Universal is getting into the universe-building game, creating a coherent

collection of movies from its classic monsters, beginning with The Mummy.

Frankenstein's monster, the Invisible Man, the Creature from the Black Lagoon, and probably

a Dracula or two will eventually come together to do whatever it is that monsters do — and

it all starts this summer.

Tom Cruise is a fantastic choice to lead a new action universe, and this film will feature

the first character crossover with Russell Crowe playing Dr. Jekyll, signalling a whole

monstrous world to come.

Hopefully this song will play over the end-credits of every one of these movies:

"They did the mash."

"They did the monnnster mash."

"The monster mash."

Cars 3

When the first teaser for Pixar's Cars 3 basically featured hero Lightning McQueen getting slow-motion

murdered by an accident on the track, you know you're in for a very weird ride.

The Cars franchise is getting into some pretty unexpected stuff, especially considering Cars

2 focused on 'Mater becoming a spy.

Who could possibly be prepared for the dark intensity of Cars 3?

Not the hundreds of crying children who just saw their hero's body parts flying in every

direction.

The film deals with Lightning McQueen getting aged out of his sport and trying to win back

acclaim from the younger, faster cars... which sounds like some pretty heavy stuff.

The original voice cast returns on June 16th, alongside Armie Hammer, Nathan Fillion, and

Kerry Washington.

Get ready to feel old.

Transformers: The Last Knight

When you hear Michael Bay, you think one thing: explosions.

"Michael Bay...splosions!"

On the tenth anniversary of the start of Michael Bay's Transformers franchise, we get his fifth

installment about shape-changing alien robots.

Don't take the "Last" in The Last Knight too literally, though.

Bay said it may be his last film, but Paramount is definitely making a Bumblebee movie and

will probably crank out more Transformers as long as the box office receipts keep rolling

in and the action figures keep selling.

"Optimus Prime is lagging!

Catch up with Soundwave!

Robots in disguise!"

In The Last Knight, Optimus Prime isn't exactly around, and it's up to puny humans Mark Wahlberg,

Anthony Hopkins, and Stanley Tucci to save the world from evil 'bots.

The film won't suffer from any shortage of action and explosions.

Because, you know, Michael Bay.

"Hi I'm Michael Bay, director of Hollywood hits such as Transformers.

And I demand things to be awesome.

Awesome pussy cat.

Awesome barbecue.

Awesome pool."

And there's even a badass girl fighter, if you didn't get enough of that in Logan.

Transform and roll out on June 23rd.

Baby Driver

Director Edgar Wright described his newest film, Baby Driver, as "a car movie fueled

by music."

It looks like a huge departure from his usual fare, which includes Shaun of the Dead, Hot

Fuzz, and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World.

Starring Ansel Elgort, Kevin Spacey, Jamie Foxx, and Jon Hamm, Baby Driver crashes into

theaters on June 28th, just a few weeks ahead of schedule.

Despicable Me 3

We get double the Steve Carell in Despicable Me's latest sequel when Gru finds his long-lost,

long-haired twin brother, Dru, who convinces him to return to his evil ways for just one

last heist.

And as always, there's going to be plenty of Minions, because that never gets old.

Never.

For real, prepare for a whole new wave of terrible Minion memes from your troubled Aunt

Gloria on Facebook.

In this third installment, cartoon mayhem is pretty much guaranteed.

Kristen Wiig returns, joined by Jenny Slate, and Trey Parker making a rare, non-South Park

voice appearance.

Prepare for supervillainy on June 30th.

Steve Carell hasn't had such an entertaining twin since Prison Mike.

"The worst thing about prison was the...was the dementors!

They...were flying all over the place and they were scary and then they'd come down

and they'd suck the soul outta ya body and it hoit!"

Spider-Man: Homecoming

We may be onto our third version of Spider-Man since 2002, but we're excited to see how Tom

Holland handles his own picture after his Peter Parker stole the show in Captain America:

Civil War.

So far, Holland has given the character his own spin while remaining true to the Spidey

that we all know and love.

With Robert Downey Jr. crossing over as Tony Stark, and Michael Keaton as The Vulture,

we can't wait to witness Spider-Man 3.0 on July 7th.

War for the Planet of the Apes

Monkeys and humans have been at war for hundreds of years — but this time, it's serious.

Caesar rides again in War for the Planet of the Apes on July 14th, and now, he's on a

quest for vengeance.

Woody Harrelson stars as the vicious Colonel, the leader of the human army, and director

Matt Reeves returns to the helm once again.

Though it might seem that this war would conclude the Planet of the Apes story, Reeves and producer

Dylan Clark say there will be room for plenty more Apes stories to come.

Hopefully, at least one of them will be a musical.

"I hate every ape I see, from chimpan-A to chimpanzee."

Dunkirk

It's true: there's at least one big film this summer that isn't a remake, reboot, or sequel.

Okay, yes, there was a movie called Dunkirk in 1958.

But this summer's version is all new, and comes from an original script by Christopher

Nolan, who's taking a break from sci-fi fantasy fare.

Nolan will also direct, with Dark Knight alums Tom Hardy and Cillian Murphy starring, as

well as Kenneth Branagh, and Mark Rylance.

It's the true tale of a difficult evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk,

France.

This historical action-drama, filmed on location, seems like a great palate cleanser from the

rest of summer's fantasy fare.

You know, if you like to cleanse your palate with the horrors of war.

Check it out on July 21st.

Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets

Luc Besson, the guy who gifted the world with Milla Jovovich in thermal bandages in The

Fifth Element, is here to bring us another future-set action/adventure.

Based on the French sci-fi comic series Valérian and Laureline, the film is about a peaceful

civilization threatened with a great evil.

Time-traveling special ops heroes Valerian and Laureline are there to stop it.

World-building, ingenious aliens, and… shapeshifting Rihanna?

Yes, this movie has it all.

Besson knows how to make futuristic sci-fi, and Valerian seems to be no exception.

Get ready to save the universe on July 21st.

The Emoji Movie

"It's my pleasure to announce our first movie.

Yay."

Sure, making a film based on instant messaging symbols may sound odd, but with a pretty solid

voice cast, director Tony Leondis has figured out a way to make it work.

Probably.

Legendary comedian Steven Wright, who has always been the living, breathing Meh emoji,

is just one of the many inspired castings.

"Last night I stayed up all night playing poker with Tarot cards.

Got a full house and four people died."

Other emojis include T.J. Miller, Jennifer Coolidge, Ilana Glazer, Maya Rudolph, and

James Corden.

Oh, and don't forget Patrick Stewart playing the illustrious role of Poop.

"Hahaha.

Hahahaha!

No!

No!

NO!"

Honestly, that's enough reason to see this thing on opening day: July 28th.

The Dark Tower

This eagerly anticipated adaptation-slash-continuation of the Stephen King book series stars Idris

Elba as The Gunslinger and Matthew McConaughey as The Man in Black, arch-enemies battling

through an Old West dystopia.

Not exactly following the books, The Dark Tower sees The Gunslinger searching for, well,

the Dark Tower in order to give life back to his land.

After a delay to complete the film's visual effects, The Dark Tower will be premiering

on August 4th.

Annabelle: Creation

She's the creepiest doll since Chucky… and whatever this thing is.

"Hahahahahahahahahahaha-ahhahahahaha"

This summer, Annabelle is back to haunt your dreams, and now, we get to meet Annabelle's

makers, who are probably totally nice people.

Of course, all of the fun starts after they take in a nun and a group of children after

their orphanage closes down.

Surely, nothing bad will happen to them.

In a summer with very few horror films, make sure to check out this sequel on August 11th

to get your fright fix.

The Hitman's Bodyguard

It's a tale as old as time: the best bodyguard in the world has to keep a hit man safe so

he can testify at the International Court of Justice.

They also have to bring down a murderous dictator and somehow try to get along.

They're like the original odd couple.

"Ba duh ba-doo ba-dooo!

Buh-bu-duh duh-bu-duh...duh…"

Ryan Reynolds, Gary Oldman, and Samuel L. Jackson make this international intrigue action

film look like a late summer winner.

Don't get whacked until at least August 18th if you want to check this one out.

Polaroid

Norwegian director Lars Klevberg builds upon his 2015 short film of the same name with

Polaroid, which promises to creep your pants off on August 25th.

Starring Riverdale's Madelaine Petsch, Finding Carter's Kathryn Prescott, and X-Files alum

Mitch Pileggi, the story centers on an outcast teen who finds a vintage Polaroid camera with

some kind of terrible curse, since all the people who get their pictures taken come to

a horrible end.

If it's anything like the original short, you'll never want to say cheese again.

"Hey mouse, seh cheeese."

Thanks for watching!

Click the Looper icon to subscribe to our YouTube channel.

Plus check out all this cool stuff we know you'll love, too!

For more infomation >> Movies That Will Blow Everyone Away In Summer 2017 - Duration: 12:30.

-------------------------------------------

Sean Spicer Is Fighting For Privacy Rights…For Lobbyists Visiting The White House - Duration: 4:16.

White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer suddenly cares about the privacy rights of American

citizens.

Well, I take that back.

Sean Spicer cares about the privacy rights of American citizens who also happen to be

paid lobbyists for corporate America.

In this current battle over whether or not this White House is going to release the White

House visitor log so we can see who is coming and going from this White House, Sean Spicer

told the press that look, the people who come and go from here, the lobbyists, they have

a right to privacy, and we need to respect that.

We need to understand that these people have a right, according to Spicer, to come in,

express their views and opinions without being publicly named.

Now, I don't know if you remember this, but a couple weeks ago remember when the Republican-controlled

Congress voted to sell our browsing history so we essentially lost any right to privacy

that we as regular citizens have?

But suddenly when it involves a lobbyist, somebody who's working on behalf of wealthy

corporations, they get all the privacy they want.

Now, the other reasoning that Sean Spicer is using to keep these White House visitor

logs private is because he says, "Well, the previous administration scrubbed some of the

names off their list, so because they weren't 100% transparent, we're going to be 0% transparent,"

as if that somehow makes sense, but that's what this White House has done from day one.

Any time something bad happens, they always counter by saying, "Yeah, but Obama did blah,

blah, blah."

It doesn't matter at this point what Obama did.

That is not a justification for anything that Donald Trumps does or doesn't do.

That is history, just like George W. Bush's history.

Yeah, we can talk about those things, but you as a White House can't use that as a justification

for your actions or inactions.

It's the job of every administration to be better than the one before it, to learn from

the mistakes of the one before it, but Trump's administration doesn't seem to understand

that, and Sean Spicer is more than willing to go out there and tell reporters that, "Well,

Obama did it, so we're going to do it."

That's not how it works.

We're not children.

You're not a child, Sean, but that's what you're acting like.

That's what this entire administration has been acting like since they first came into

office.

They've been acting like whiny children who want to blame everyone else for all the bad

things that they're doing, but this argument that these lobbyists somehow deserve privacy

when meeting with the president to, as Spicer puts it, express their views and opinions,

they're not expressing views and opinions.

They're trying to change his mind about legislative efforts.

They're trying to get their will, the will of the corporations that they work for, imposed

on American citizens.

I'm sorry, but at that point when you're trying to undermine the government, go around Congress

and all of that, hoodwink the American public, we damn sure have a right to know.

Those White House visitor logs need to be released.

I don't care what Obama did.

I don't care what George W. Bush did.

I don't care what Clinton or anybody before him did.

We've got a real problem here, and when Sean Spicer starts telling us that lobbyists have

a right to privacy but American citizens don't whenever we go online, that's a very real

problem.

It indicates, at least would suggest to some degree, that these names are being hidden

for a reason.

You know, I had a conversation with a police officer one time and he told me, "Only the

guilty hide," and if Sean Spicer is hiding something, probably means there's some dirt

in that book that he doesn't want us

to see.

For more infomation >> Sean Spicer Is Fighting For Privacy Rights…For Lobbyists Visiting The White House - Duration: 4:16.

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Tropiclean Fresh BreathClean Teeth Kit for Pets - Duration: 13:20.

For more infomation >> Tropiclean Fresh BreathClean Teeth Kit for Pets - Duration: 13:20.

-------------------------------------------

LE JOUR M - Duration: 16:10.

For more infomation >> LE JOUR M - Duration: 16:10.

-------------------------------------------

POWER TYR - Duration: 13:05.

aaahhhh

fuck

who are we going to play today oh boy oh boy let's see

tyr 50% of his scaling 65 not bad not bad

120% ok

we are playing

tyr power

yes

this probably won't be successful

and yeeah we'll see

we will see what will happen

so basically

for some reason i can't record with game dvr which is you know normal program that i use to record

so we are trying radeon relive which is actually an amd

program for streaming and recording so we will see how will this go

ok so just ignore if you see this uhh

this thing right here

right

just ignore it just

just put picture of

uhh put the awillix's boobs in there

annd there we go

now its a lot better

soo this will probably suck

and you maybe wonder why

because tyr is basically a bruiser that means you build him half damage half tank

because i mean his base damage is already so high

so going full power isn't going

to do that much work for us but..

we'll try anyway

so i know i should go beads

oh fuck it lets go blink

so i am kinda bad with tyr because i haven't played him in a really long time

but lets make a point that i was used to do 180

blink tyr

so we'll see how this goes ok?

bam bam bam bam bam bam

so we basically are going to go maybe one protection item shifter's shield, because shifter shield

gives

shit load of power and protection at the same time

it gives

it gives 60 power and it can potentially give 40 protections

what the fuck

okay she died hahaa

i was just fucking

showing people how shifter's shield op is and she fucking died, ok

thats not cool, Hel

we don't want to die a lot because we will die a lot

nice going Nexuz

*EPIC PLAY MUSIC*

we should probably back for boots before we get killed

come on

get him

yeah

this skin has the best jokes in whole game

in the entire* game

"Aye. I may only have one hand, but I can still get that booty!"

that's, that's a great joke

ARE YOU SERIOUS

nope

you won't escape this time bitch

i don't care if i died i got her

omg athena again

but, can we get her and baam

wtf

how did she get a kill

oh my god this damage dude

oh she taunted out of fucking dash i hate that shit

da faq?

hello madafaka

ohh my god

why

why they have to survive everything with 1 hp man

SAYONARA NIGGGAAA

come on COME ONN

come onn

okay

am i dead? no i am not

this guy wants to fight me .... ok

oh my god

yeah bitch go died oh noo

there you go

i did some damage

okay now we back

back to safety

that's fine

that is fine

go die

yeees

athena landed tho

and now i am being chased by their whole team

omg i got him

now we just wait

now we just WAIT

for that double

pull omg that was soo

that was epic man

ok

so.. he used beads thats nice

oohhh

that was nice as shit

hoist the sales

bitch fucking die yeah

wooo we got a last kill boi

and we didn't go negative that was uhh

we finished 7 7

it shows 6 7 but it's actually 7 7

let's see

yeah 7 7

28 thousand damage we are actually second

most damage on team we did even more

than their team

so

i will accept this as a win

as a double win

that's not my line

ohh nice

he was not paying attention

and thats what happens when you don't pay attention you get killed , people die

oh nice

and she's dead

somehow nemesis got the kill

but that's fine

what the fuck?

OH MY GOD INHUMAN REACTIONS

we need to help them man

OOHH get fucking shit on

let's go bois

i didn't do shit whole game

but that one play

did it for us

ha ha ha haaa

fool

it fucking sucks

ok ok

it's fine

fuck chiron is here

oh i think i got him

yeah i got him

fuck you chiron

you horse piece of shit

there we go

now it's working out when we have titan's fucking bane

no scylla you fucking wanna die?

dying is bad ok? learn from me

dying is really bad

oh come on

one hit does 400 wtf

yeah fucking die boi

oh no this bitch is backdooring it

chrion is going to respawn

fuckin die motherfucked yeaah

go fucking kill your self dude

ahh

this was satisfying win

we were in top kills

but top deaths as well

ah man

fuuck

yeah ha ha

he survived bitch

fucking greedy

greedy ass spider

come on come on

oh (nice + yes = nyes)

oh you wanna go against bacchus.... nope

because you get noped

i am gonna steal buff from my own team mate look at this

best steal since yesterday

*EPIC STEAL MUSIC*

come on

oh shit oh shit

okay we got her at least

she kills my friend i kill her thats how it goes

look at that fucking shit dude

ohh okay

that's fine

okay guys i really do hope you enjoyed and

if you enjoyed leave a like share subscribe comment and i will see you in next episode vvgb vvgb

For more infomation >> POWER TYR - Duration: 13:05.

-------------------------------------------

Razz - Used To (Lyrics / Lyric Video) - Duration: 3:16.

Can we go

Can we go

Can we go back

What we used to see

Can we look back to

Where we used to be

Can we go back to

What we used to

Can we go back to

What we used to see

Can we look back to

What we used to be

Can we go back to

Just to let go

Stories of a lie left untold

Living out a dream to unfold

Living out the life we know

Just to let go

Driving through the night we'll pretend

Sneaking out at night once again

Bring me to the place it began

Can we go

Can we go

Can we go back

What we used to see

Can we look back to

Where we used to be

Can we go back to

What we used to

Can we go back to

What we used to see

Can we look back to

What we used to be

Can we go back to

Just to let go

Promise we can leave this town

Thinking that we'll come back around

Trying not to let you down

Just to let go

Drinking for the nights we forget

Thinking how we used to be friends

For more infomation >> Razz - Used To (Lyrics / Lyric Video) - Duration: 3:16.

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Track your Guild Stats! Set Up a Rankings and Info Sheet for your Guild - Duration: 3:04.

Hi!

I'm Hazel, and this is a look at a free tool you can use to track all sorts of info about

your guild.

For the competitive types, this is where you see exactly how you stack up against your

guildmates.

This is the force that pushed me over the edge into the deep end of AP grinding.

It's one thing to look forward to your next point, and another thing entirely to see your

grind ranked against your friends on a weekly and overall basis.

Full credit to the creator u/emielioow on reddit and to my guildie Karumay for introducing

this to me.

Here's what it does.

Once you're setup, you get this awesome Google Doc spreadsheet that shows you all sorts of

useful info about your guild.

You can see your roster split into roles, and who's missing enchants.

You can see the item level of your raiders, and the single view shows you which slot they

need upgrades in most.

You can see how much artifact power everyone has overall, and gained in the current week.

Everyone has a rank for World Quests completed, Mythic dungeons done, achievement points,

mounts owned, reps at exalted, and battle pet collection.

If your guild has public logs on Warcraftlogs, you can even see everyone's average parse

percentage.

The sheet auto updates itself every hour or so with the latest info.

So here's how you set it up!

I'll put the relevant links in the description underneath this video.

To get started, go to the first URL and enter your Region, Realm and Guild Name to generate

a key.

Look through the list and make sure it has all the guild members you want to track.

If any are missing, type their names into the empty slots and update.

Next, you need to add a copy of the spreadsheet to your google docs.

Go to the second link underneath and press Make a Copy.

It'll be empty at first.

You can rename it to whatever you like at the top left here.

Now, we need to add the guild key.

Go to the Settings tab at the bottom, and copy-paste the key we got earlier into this

field.

It'll pull all the info from the API.

You can set the Time Zone on this page also as well as look through the FAQ.

Click this button at the bottom and accept the prompt to let the sheet auto-refresh itself.

At this point, you're almost done!

Your sheet should be updated with your guild.

It may take up to a week to fully populate with accurate info, or it might look good

right away.

I keep it bookmarked on my browser so I can check back to it often.

If you want to share it with your guild, go to your privacy settings at the top right

and make it either public or viewable with the link.

I used the link option then put the link in my guild's Discord so everyone can see it.

If you do share it, make sure you're comfortable sharing whatever's visible on your google

account.

People with the link can see your profile picture and account name!

And that's it!

From this point, it runs itself.

I've discovered that nothing makes me play WoW quite like some good friendly competition.

If you like the tool please consider supporting the creator with Paypal or on Patreon through

the links on the key creation webpage.

Thanks for watching!

Let me know what you think, and have a wonderful, wonderful day.

Bye!

For more infomation >> Track your Guild Stats! Set Up a Rankings and Info Sheet for your Guild - Duration: 3:04.

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How to SELL your services, without feeling SALESY! / Part 4: How to Plan Your Website Design - Duration: 3:30.

For more infomation >> How to SELL your services, without feeling SALESY! / Part 4: How to Plan Your Website Design - Duration: 3:30.

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Basic avalanche rescue training | Les2Alpes - Duration: 4:27.

What you're about to see is a very basic avalanche training and as such, we are beginners,

keep that in mind.

There are lot better videos on youtube about explaining how avalanches come to life and

how to avoid them, so I just provide you very minimal information on this, but if you are

interested you will find your way.

If you never leave the line of the ski slopes, most of the time you are safe, but if you

do some freeriding especially on 38 degree angle downhill, you should better have some

knowledge about avalanches.

First things first, if you are situated under an avalanche chances are high that you are

already dead.

But if you are lucky enough, you can survive another 15 minutes with the correct breathing

technique and staying calm.

The most important is prevention of course, apart from ABS backpacks, what can help is

an avalanche transceiver.

This little walkie talkie shaped device has two purposes, normally it signals your position

but if the tip is switched to search mode it is looking for the signalling devices.

The numbers on the device show distance, but not in meters.

With not too much of a precision but it is able to give you directions as well.

In the first scenario we used these devices just to locate the signaling transceivers

under the snow.

If the number goes below 1 it means that you are really close to the target and direction

info is not shown already.

With really slow and steady movements the rescue squad should be able to identify a

30 by 30 cms square where the unfortunate skier is located.

During our first encounter we just needed to mark the objects.

Well, we gained some confidence, unfortunately.

The second task was a bit closer to reality, we got 2 backpacks with the rescue equipment

and given a rough direction where the avalanche happened.

Things got real very quickly, our teamwork started to fall apart after the traces of

the first victim were found.

The snow got surprisingly deep, helping to believe that this is not a practice anymore.

When we finally got to locate the second victim, stress got the worst of us, see there is a

big mistake, we didn't perform the precision search at the end, which will give us a hard

time with the probes.

But the probe first, this is basically a collapsable pointy stick, which helps you to locate the

human body under the snow.

Now you can hear what does it feel like if you find the rocks.

This way you can be entirely sure that this is not a human being.

The concept is to go shoulder to shoulder and search twice every row then move forward.

We didn't do our homework well, so a precision search was needed to shrink down the area.

Our probing just got way more successful, which led to the next step, getting the shovels.

Of course it takes some time to assemble them, especially for the first time, but finally

we started shoveling.

It is possible to make mistakes at this phase as well, like look at that annoying transceiver,

how it gets snowed to give us a bit of a headache after the practice.

But all in all, we could see our target, yes the green one.

And our time is 5 minutes 47 seconds which is a really convenient amount of time to spend

under the snow, so our mission was successful, they all survived.

Hopefully I won't be in the situation to actually rescue someone, but it was a really

nice experience to practice this in a controlled environment.

The world is a better place from now on, especially for frogs.

Thanks for watching, see you in the next one!

For more infomation >> Basic avalanche rescue training | Les2Alpes - Duration: 4:27.

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� How to Hide the List of Groups on the Social Network VKontakte - Duration: 2:00.

Hello friends!

You are with Larisa Levinskaya again.

And today will be devoted to video

the topic: How do you hide groups

you are subscribed to the social network Vkontakte.

If you have this problem,

I'll show you how to do it.

I download your profile in social network vkontakte.

And take a look.

This is the sokreshhennom version of the profile

Select the "Show details".

And look

huge list of groups.

99% is a reciprocal subscription.

And in fact these groups I

not quite interesting.

Go towards colleagues,

they are respectively at the meeting.

For that he thanks!

Task to hide from prying eyes, all of these groups.

What I do for this?

I visit, choose here near its

a small image at the top right.

There is such a small triangle.

Choose "Settings".

Then choose "Privacy".

And are here in "Privacy" watch carefully

There is such an item in the menu

"Who sees a list of my groups"

I choose the "all users"

choose "friends only"

Select "only me"

"All..."

"Some friends".

In this case, select "only me".

I chose.

Let's see how it will work.

I go back to your page.

Copy the link address.

Open any other browser.

In this case I had browser Google Chrom.

It automatically remembering the password.

I choose the browser,

through which I'm in Vkontakte not enter.

In order to see how it will look

extraneous eyes.

At the command prompt, wrote

address of your profile.

Press The Enter Key.

I came on my own page

just as a visitor, as a guest.

Select the "Show details".

Here's a quote all the group are hidden.

As you can see, I have this and sought.

I hope that today's video

It was useful for you.

Place the dog!

Subscribe to RSS feed!

With you was Larisa Levinskaya.

See you soon!

For more infomation >> � How to Hide the List of Groups on the Social Network VKontakte - Duration: 2:00.

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Spring Cleaning: How to Turn Junk into Cash - Duration: 4:59.

It's spring time!

Which means it's time to spring clean.

And if you have some unwanted items in your closets,

your junk drawers, you're in the right spot.

I'm here to tell you all about where to sell your junk

to earn some cash.

I'm Farnoosh Torabi, welcome to the Mint Blog.

Alright, so we have the accompanying article below

but if you just want to catch the video, here I am.

If you have an old iPhone that you want to get rid of

because you just upgraded,

check out Gazelle.com.

On the site, you answer a few questions regarding the model of your phone,

the condition of your phone

and Gazelle will give you an estimated price that they're willing to pay you for it.

If you're interested, you can sell your phone through the site.

They'll send you a prepaid stamped envelope

and you can decide to get paid either via check, via PayPal

or through an Amazon.com gift card.

Gazelle also has ecoATM kiosks out there in various malls and shopping centers.

So if you don't want to mail it in, you can drop it off at one of these kiosks.

The site says that for a good condition iPhone 6S,

if you mail it in, you can earn as much as $245

if you drop it off at one of their kiosks – good condition

you can earn up to $165 for an iPhone 6S.

Not bad.

Alright, for other types of electronics:

cameras, wearables, video games,

if you got any of those lying around,

check out NextWorth.com.

There, you can also get an instant quote for the gadget

just by answering a series of questions

and then once your electronic arrives at their warehouse,

the site begins to process the device.

And once it's approved, the sellers will receive an email verification

and are paid within a week through PayPal or through a check.

Okay, so if you have some

clothes lying around that you haven't worn in at least a couple of years

or maybe you've forgotten that you owned them – been there!

Check out a site called Tradesy.com

there's also TheRealReal.

On both of these sites, a lot of what buyers like to buy on these sites

from sellers include designer pumps, handbags, accessories,

jewelry and of course clothing.

So if you have anything in your closet that

you might have paid a lot of money for

but you're not wearing anymore,

these are good sites to check out.

At Tradesy, most clothing resells for about 30%

of its retail price.

At TheRealReal.com

popular items include, again, designer handbags,

shoes, clothing, accessories, all handbags can be priced up to 90%

of the original retail cost and that includes

Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Chanel, Prada

so we're talking big brands here if you've got any of those

in your closet check out TheRealReal as a place to potentially sell.

The average earnings on TheRealReal for jewelry,

for fancy jewelry, over $2,000.

So, this is a potential big money maker.

For the more everyday brands, everyday labeled clothing,

like your Gap outfits, your BananaRepublic t-shirts

check out thredUP.com.

This is a site where

they specialize in common labeled goods and shoes and handbags.

You send thredUP – actually, thredUP sends you a "clean out bag"

and it comes with a pre-paid shipping label.

You can use this bag to just go through your closet,

drop in stuff and then thredUP receives the bag, processes it,

actually will take photos of your items for you,

determines the pricing and then also takes care of the merchandising.

The VP of merchandising there tells us that

thredUP accepts about half of what people send it

and the top 5 mainstream brands on thredUP

just so you know – include Ann Taylor, Gap, J. Crew, H&M and Banana Republic.

Poshmark is also a great destination for selling

more non-luxury items.

Clothing there sells for an average of $30 and up

and popular brands include Ugg, Nike, The North Face and Michael Kors.

Finally, if you've got old DVDs – remember DVDs? - or old CDs – oh my gosh!

Decluttr.com

There, to cash in, it's completely free to use

the site will give you shipping, you can type in your items on the website

you can even scan with the code very easily using their website

or their free app – to get an instant quote.

The site says you can usually get your money

the day after the company receives the items

and you can choose to be paid via PayPal, check, direct deposit

you can even donate to a charity using your sales.

So, Decluttr.com, Poshmark, thredUP, TheRealReal, Tradesy, NextWorth and Gazelle.com.

If you missed any of this, just check out the article below

and we'll see you next week for a new fresh article and probably a video

For more infomation >> Spring Cleaning: How to Turn Junk into Cash - Duration: 4:59.

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Renal artery stenosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology - Duration: 8:00.

Renal refers to the kidney, tubular refers to the portion of the nephron containing the

tubular fluid, and acidosis refers to having too many protons or increased acidity in blood,

so renal tubular acidosis or RTA describes increased acidity in the blood due to failure

of the renal tubules to get rid of protons.

The kidneys contain millions of nephrons, each of which has a renal corpuscle, and a

renal tubule that eventually ends in a collecting duct.

The renal corpuscle filters large amounts of solutes that go from the blood into the

filtrate and eventually urine, and the renal tubule and collecting duct are responsible

for fine tuning the reabsorption and secretion of solutes to adjust the amount that ultimately

gets removed or retained by the body.

Now, renal tubular acidosis can develop in three different parts of the nephron: the

proximal part of the renal tubule, the distal part of the renal tubule, and in the collecting

ducts.

All of these parts of the nephron play a key role in acid-base homeostasis, which is the

balance between acids and bases to regulate the body's pH.

Functionally, acid-base balance can be broken into two parts - the reabsorption of bicarbonate

and the excretion of acids or free hydrogen ions.

The reabsorption of bicarbonate mostly takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule, and

the excretion of hydrogen ions mostly take place in the distal convoluted tubule and

some parts of the collecting ducts.

The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by brush border cells, that act like a sponge,

because they help with the reabsorption of water, salt, and most of the bicarbonate.

The brush border cells have two sides: one side is the apical surface which faces the

tubular lumen and is lined with microvilli.

Microvilli increase the luminal surface area and help with solute reabsorption.

The other side of the cells - is the the basolateral surface - which faces the blood vessels - known

as the peritubular capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels that run alongside and

around the nephron.

The cells lining the proximal tubule have specialized transporters and pumps, that help

move ions, like sodium, chloride, and potassium, out of the lumen and into the blood.

These ion transporters are antiporters because they move an ion out of the lumen in exchange

for pushing another one into the lumen.

They can be located in the apical or basolateral surface.

In total, there is 1 pump, 1 group of enzymes, and 2 ion transporters that help regulate

pH in the proximal tubule.

The pump is the Na/K ATPase pump, which is found on the basolateral surface, and it pushes

three sodium ions out of the cell while pulling two potassium ions into the cell.

The pump uses ATP and to help keep it running the cells are packed with mitochondria.

When bicarbonate reaches the proximal tubule it binds to hydrogen ions to form carbonic

acid and an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase type 4 brakes carbonic acid into water and

carbon dioxide, both of which happily diffuses across the membrane into the cells.

Once water and carbon dioxide are inside the cell, carbonic anhydrase type 2 combines them

once again to form carbonic acid, which then dissolves to form hydrogen and bicarbonate.

There is a sodium bicarbonate cotransporter located on the basolateral surface that moves

sodium and bicarbonate from the cell to the blood.

And there's also a sodium-hydrogen exchanger on the apical surface, that allows 1 sodium

ion to enter the cell and 1 hydrogen ion to enter the lumen.

This allows for a net movement of sodium and bicarbonate from the lumen to the blood.

As the filtered fluid travels through the nephron, it eventually reaches the distal

convoluted tubule.

There are special tubular cells that play an important role in acid-base physiology

called alpha intercalated cells, and they're responsible for secreting hydrogen ions via

the H+/ATPase into the lumen, which acidifies the tubular fluid.

The alpha intercalated cells also reabsorb the remaining bits of bicarbonate that remains

using the same carbonic acid carbonic acid trick that was used in the proximal convoluted

tubule.

Ultimately, there's the collecting duct which is lined by 2 types of cells: principal

cells and intercalated cells.

The principal cells are aldosterone-responsive, and are also ENac-expressing cells, which

means they mediate water and sodium reabsorption.

And then there are the intercalated cells, which are categorized into two types: alpha-intercalated

cells, which secrete acids, and beta-intercalated cells, which secrete base.

The alpha-intercalated cells are tall, columnar epithelial cells which contain an H+ ATPase

pump in their apical surface, which allows hydrogen ions to exit the cell and acidify

tubular fluid.

In contrast, the beta-intercalated cells are shorter and have an apical chloride-bicarbonate

exchanger in their apical surface, known as pendrin, which allows bicarbonate to be absorbed

into the blood in exchange for chloride.

Subsequently, chloride is then reabsorbed back into the blood passively due to a concentration

gradient or actively as it can be pumped back into the blood with potassium by the potassium

chloride pump, which is located in the basolateral surface of intercalated cells, enabling the

cell to secrete base.

The hormone aldosterone -- a steroid hormone that helps control sodium and potassium levels--

plays a super important role in the control of Na+ and K+ ions along the principal and

intercalated cells within the distal and collecting ducts, which are essential for pumps and transporters

to function properly.

Aldosterone allows more sodium to flow from the blood into the principal or intercalated

cells through sodium channels (ENaC).

Aldosterone also activates the sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+K+ATPase) on the basolateral surface

of principle cells, pumping sodium into the blood and potassium into the cell.

On the apical surface of the principal cells, there's also an ATP-dependent potassium

channel pump that pushes potassium out of the cell and into the lumen.

[AMMONIUM] Finally, in the lumen of the collecting duct, hydrogen ions bind to phosphate to be

excreted in the form of weak acids, like dihydrogen phosphate - which functions as a urinary buffer-

meaning that it helps to keep the urine's pH regulated--.

Additionally, hydrogen ions also bind to ammonia which is responsible for carrying hydrogen

ions to form ammonium, so that they can be disposed in the urine.

In the presence of an increased acid load, the phosphate ions are used up and the kidney

then increases its production of ammonium.

In RTA type I or distal renal tubular acidosis, the distal tubule and collecting duct are

unable to secrete hydrogen ions.

There are three ways in which RTA type I can develop, the first, and most common way, is

a dysfunction of the H+ATPase pump, which results in fewer hydrogen ions getting secreted

into the lumen.

The buildup of hydrogen ions in the cell leads to a subsequent buildup of hydrogen ions in

the blood - resulting in acidemia.

The second most common mechanism is dysfunction of the H+K+ATPase pump, which also leads to

acidemia as well as hypokalemia because fewer potassium ions are able to make it into the

blood.

The third, and least common, mechanism is a defect in the Cl-HCO3 antiporter, which

causes a decrease in bicarbonate reabsorption, which leads to a decrease in bicarbonate levels

in the blood and results in acidemia.

The reason that these pumps and transporters don't function properly are typically because

of either genetic mutations or acquired defects from medications like lithium and amphotericin

B or autoimmune diseases like Sjogren's disease --where there is autoantibodies against carbonic

anhydrases type II which impairs the distal tubule capacity to generate hydrogen.

In RTA type II or proximal renal tubular acidosis there is a defect in bicarbonate reabsorption

within the proximal tubule, which leads to urinary bicarbonate wasting.

There are 2 ways by which RTA type II can develop, the first is a dysfunction of the

Na+H antiporter located in apical surface of brush border cells, which results in a

decrease of sodium reabsorption and hydrogen secretion.

Therefore, decreased hydrogen secretion causes a decrease in hydrogen reabsorption, and bicarbonate

is wasted in the urine--causing the urine the be alkaline, and the blood's pH to be

acid--.

The second defect, is caused by the faulty Na HCO3 cotransporter which impairs the exit

of hydrogen ions from the brush border cell into the lumen in exchange for sodium, as

they would normally get reabsorbed with bicarbonate.

By decreasing bicarbonate reabsorption hypobicarbonatemia sets in, and acidosis occurs.

Over time, as there's less bicarbonate getting filtered out, so the proximal tubule is able

to reabsorb what little bicarbonate is there, and the urine becomes acidic once more.

The underlying cause of an RTA type II can be the presence of carbonic anhydrase type

II and IV inhibitors, as well as, Fanconi syndrome -where there is an acquired on inherited

defect in the function of the carriers that transport substances across the luminal membrane

of the proximal tubule, or toxicity from metals like lead, which binds to lead-binding proteins

in proximal tubular cells of the renal tubules, and disrupts the normal flow of ions.

In RTA type III there is a defect in both the distal and proximal tubule, a fairly uncommon

situation.

The causes are not well understood, but some cases have been associated with congenital

carbonic anhydrase deficiency, this is because carbonic anhydrases are present in both distal

and proximal tubule, therefore a deficiency would cause a problem with bicarbonate reabsorption

in proximal tubule and acid excretion in the distal tubule and collecting ducts.

RTA type IV is sometimes called hyperkalemic acidosis is related to aldosterone deficiency

or resistance in the collecting ducts.

Aldosterone deficiency usually results from low renin levels due to destruction of the

juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney --which normally produce the renin--.

Other causes of adrenal insufficiency include Addison's disease as well as medications like

ACE inhibitors or potassium sparing diuretics.

In contrast, aldosterone resistance results from XXXXXX.

Within principal cells a lack of a

The loss of aldosterone leads to a loss of Na+ and retention of K+ in the blood, which

causes hyperkalemia or increased levels of potassium in blood.

This high concentration of potassium affects the H/K+ ATPase pump which exchanges potassium

with hydrogen ions at the basolateral surface of principal cells in the collecting ducts.

This leaves few hydrogen ions in the cells resulting in an intracellular alkalosis.

This intracellular alkalosis, occurs due to the cell-to-cell exchange of potassium for

hydrogen resulting in the exit of hydrogen ion from the cell.

This consequently inhibits NH3 synthesis from glutamine, which creates an increased acidity

in urine, because there are lots of hydrogen ions but nothing to buffer them.

The most common cause of aldosterone deficiency.

But can also be caused by aldosterone deficiency or resistance within principal cells.

An example of an acquired defect would be when an illness like systemic lupus which

can cause a H+ channel dysfunction or when a medications like amphotericin B and lithium

cause increased permeability of distal tubule cells to H+.

The ROMK channel is an ATP-dependent potassium channel that transports potassium out of cells,

and it plays a major role in potassium secretion in the collecting duct of the nephron.

However, if there is no hydrogen there is no formation of ammonium, and there will be

all these hydrogen ions hanging around so acidosis will occur.

in the ammonium secretion and therefore a decrease in urine buffering capacity that

occurs in collecting duct lumen.

Symptoms of renal tubular acidosis which is a type of metabolic acidosis include vomiting,

abdominal pain, and decreased appetite.

Some types of RTA like RTA type I, can be particularly distinguished by causing urine

to be alkaline, which causes hypercalciuria and leads to the precipitation of calcium

oxalate which can cause painful kidney stones.

If left untreated, severe metabolic acidosis can lead to multi-system organ failure, in

which acidemia causes vasodilation of peripheral arterioles.

Renal tubular acidosis is a cause of metabolic acidosis, and therefore, symptoms include

shortness of breath, hyperventilation, - specifically called Kussmaul breathing-- which occurs in

response to low partial pressure of CO2 and low bicarbonate because of a forced increased

respiration, blowing off the carbon dioxide

[DIAGNOSIS] Renal tubular acidosis is diagnosed based on high levels of hydrogen ions in the

blood, low bicarbonate, and pH below 7.35.

Renal tubular acidosis is a metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap, which means that

the difference between measured anions --Cl- and HCO3- and cations -- Na+ and Cl+-- is

between 8 mEq/L and 12 mEq/L. To identify the differences between renal tubular acidosis,

lab tests like blood potassium and urine pH are typically done, which differ among different

types of RTA.

A detection of a low serum bicarbonate concentration and negative base excess.

If respiratory compensation has been inadequate, systemic pH will be reduced.

Type of RTA Where the defect is?

pH Potassium

Additional Findings RTA Type I

Distal Convoluted Tubule Urine pH >6

Salts are more likely to precipitate at higher pH.

Hypokalemia Decreased H+ in the lumen

High urine Ca+2 Stones

RTA Type II Proximal convoluted tubule

Initially: excess bicarbonate excretion Urine >6 (high)

After: Bicarbonate loss Urine pH low

< 5.5

Hypokalemia Bone demineralization and multiple myeloma

RTA Type III Mixed

Urine pH <5.5 Hypokalemia

- RTA Type IV

Distal (DCT/CD) Aldosterone

Urine pH < 5.5 Hyperkalemia

Hypoaldosteronism

[TREATMENT] In RTA type I and II, the main goal is to replenish bicarbonate and correct

hypokalemia with potassium citrate.

In RTA type II, this can be achieved with thiazides that act by producing volume depletion

and increasing the reclaiming threshold of bicarbonate.

For RTA type IV, the goal is to treat hypoaldosteronism with fludrocortisone or loop diuretics, which

increase sodium delivery to the collecting duct and increase the exchange between hydrogen

and potassium.

Alright, as a quick recap, renal tubular acidosis describes a condition in which the kidney

is unable to secrete acids or reabsorb bicarbonate from the body.

And this most commonly results in metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap.

Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV.

High levels of hydrogen in blood lead to issues that result in multisystemic organ failure.

Thanks for watching, you can help support us by donating on patreon, or subscribing

to our channel, or telling your friends about us on social media.

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