The clavicle and shoulder blade
We are going to have a palpatory anatomy tutorial of the most important parts, in this case, of the upper limbs.
We are going to begin by drawing over this suit what we find to be the most relevant details
in terms of bone anatomy.
Let's begin by what is perhaps the easiest to find, which is the clavicle.
The clavicle is an "S" shaped bone.
Here, we would find the place where the clavicle and the sternum meet.
This is a saddle joint.
If you wish to understand the functioning of the joints, I invite you to watch all the our videos on joint physiology.
We can then continue through the trajectory of the clavicle, here, with this "S" shape.
Passing here
making this curve
arriving at the top part of the shoulder.
It is an "S" shaped bone.
The articulation of the clavicle to the sternum, which we will later draw.
And up here, the joint of the clavicle and the shoulder-blade.
I might ask you to sit facing in that direction
so I can draw the shoulder-blade and so they can see how the shoulder-blade and clavicle meet.
Please sit, more or less over here.
Here, through the clothes we can see the border of the shoulder-blade or scapulae.
This, which we call the inner border of the shoulder-blade
comes all the way down here.
Here, there is a small angle, the shouder-blade's inferior angle.
Then, over here, under a more or less thick layer of muscles, we can find and touch the outer border.
Following around the top here, the superior border of the shoulder-blade.
Then, over here, there is an important prominence, which we call the spine of the shoulder-blade.
More or less over here.
It ends up in this flattening area we call the acromion.
Here, we can see how the clavicle that comes from the front and the shoulder-blade
link between the spine of the shoulder-blade and the acromion. This creates the acromioclavicular joint, which is a flat joint.
And here, also covered by a thick layer of muscles. We can't really touch it, but we know that it is there,
is the glenoid cavity, also in the shoulder-blade. This is where the shoulder-blade articulates with the humerus.
And still in this area, we can imagine
how the shoulder-blade fits in the humerus making the glenohumeral joint.
If we want to show some of the important muscles here,
I'm going to paint them in red.
We will then see details of the spinal column.
But here, there is another important muscles,
the rhomboid, which connects the shoulder-blade to a part of the dorsal spine.
This is a rather flat muscle.
A little bit further up is the levator scapulae muscle which joins the shoulder-blade to the lower cervical spine.
I am going to draw on your skin. It would come this way.
And it would reach up to here.
On another layer, perhaps covering this musculature, is another important muscle.
I am going to paint it in another color that stands out, green.
There is an important muscle, the trapezes. It has three layers.
The top part of the trapezes reaches up to the head and up to the cervical spine.
It would come in this way, from the superior spine of the shoulder-blade, outlining the shape of the neck.
All the way up to the skull, the head.
It has a series of fibers that go in this direction, going upward.
Then, there is the medial part of the trapeze.
They overlap the rhomboid muscle. There is a whole area that are the internal fibers of the trapeze, which come in this direction.
In such a way, we can see the relationship between the shoulder-blade and the spine, which is made up of different fibers and muscles having different functions.
In its case, it could very well be bringing the shoulder-blade closer to the spine
or lowering the shoulder-blade in the direction of the lumbar spine.
Or if we imagine these fibers contracting, bringing the shoulder-blade upwards towards the head.
There is another important muscle.
Two important muscles.
They are difficult to touch, because one of them is over here, underneath a thick layer of muscles. But, we know it is here. The supraspinatus.
And below the spine, the infraspinatus. I won't draw them.
But below and above the spine, two muscles that insert at the humerus.
So, lets take this opportunity to draw the humerus.
The humerus has a round surface, the head of the humerus.
It then comes down, following along the arm.
In such a way, here we can see that there is play between the arm and the shoulder-blade in the glenohumeral joint.
Again, please lie on your back once more.
There is still one more detail, visible from the shoulder-blade. It is here, in front.
More or less at the third of its distal part, at the height of the clavicle. Just below it.
We come across a bump that is the coracoid process.
Its shaped like a hook.
The coracoid process, we can later see it on the skeleton,...
... a detail which belongs to the shoulder-blade but is seen from the front side.
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