Hello! I am Cristiane Amarante, an archaeologist,
and our subject today is
archeology in environmental licensing.
Archeology in environmental licensing, also known as
contract archeology, salvage archeology or preventive archeology,
also people know by these other three names,
it's archeology linked to large enterprises.
So, whether you are going to build a bridge,
or the release of an area to a wind power park,
a solar power park,
or the expansion of a port,
or the construction of a road, or the construction of a port,
for all these large works, a hydroelectric,
must have the archeology before along with the environmental licensing.
Generally, the part that the biologists go there, and geographers,
do the research of fauna and flora,
it's the part that people know more,
but archaeologists also work in that previous stage, right,
before the project starts,
to see if the region has some archaeological site that will be impacted.
Well, if it's discovered that there's a site,
or in some cases, several sites
that will be impacted, what is done?
That's why it's called salvage archeology,
because you do a job that is called rescue.
The sites are registered
using all scientific resources for this task. That is
to say, it will make the squares,
which are those squares of 10 in 10,
which I explained in the video of the excavation,
it will take off every 10 centimeters,
record everything very well, photograph, do the reports.
This material, after being taken, goes to the laboratory,
and does what we call curatorship.
What is curatorship? The record of everything.
Then there's an analysis of this material.
All scientific methodology is applied.
Well, there's a whole legislation that regulates these actions.
I won't speak specifically here, nor the numbers,
but I will leave in the description,
so that if you want to know more about it, have an interest in this,
you can do this research.
And within the licensing, is required that there's also heritage education.
That is, the communities have to know about these researches.
And from 2015 until now, the legislation is even more specific,
saying not only that communities, but communities,
students, teachers and employees of the enterprise
are aware of these researches.
Well, I would have many things to talk about licensing here,
but I'll point out three good points and three bad points.
One good thing: financial resources.
These researches are funded so they can happen,
because they're linked to a large enterprise.
So the company is forced to subsidize, pay for such scientific research.
So that's a good point.
Another positive point is the issue of scope.
Much of what is known of archeology today in the country
comes from these researches related to the licensing,
because there are works in whole Brazil.
And because of these works, archaeologists
reach archaeological sites in which they couldn't otherwise reach.
It's another positive point.
The third positive point is employability.
That is, today, in Brazil, more than 95% of archaeologists
work in this activity related to licensing.
Let's see: and what are the three negative points I cast?
The first negative point, which I think is the most critical,
and several archaeologists think the same thing,
is the question of time. While in academia,
in a university, research is carried out for years, 5 years, 10 years, sometimes 20 years,
in environmental licensing it has to be completed in months.
This one entails the second point that I am going to list
as a negative point, which is quality.
So, because you have little time, you can't always have a good quality.
And this is not the rule; some companies
hire very specialized professionals and a bigger team
to manage to do a work that's very well done at the end,
and a good result can be delivered for IPHAN,
which is the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute.
All records go to IPHAN, about these works.
But still, you don't have a time,
like 5 years, 6 years, 10 years, 20 years, for a research.
So, however much you want to do, you can't.
It's not that people are not ethical; it has nothing to do with this issue.
It has to do with the issue of licensing itself and the time it requires.
The work has to be released soon;
so it has to be fast, and with that
we don't have a good quality in those researches.
The third negative point, which is linked to employability,
is that working conditions aren't always good
within these enterprises.
Someone even made a comment here on the channel
explaining how the conditions are;
not all people are registered –
incidentally, most aren't, if you work for a freelance style.
This is also linked to the question of our profession being unregulated,
which leaves things somewhat unclear
about the working conditions of archaeologists in the field.
So these are three good points that I list,
and three negative points that I list.
Have you worked with this? Do you know?
Do you know what archeology is, archeology in licensing?
Leave your comment here, if you are professional in the field.
If you aren't a professional in the field, don't have experience, don't know,
have any questions and want to write here in the comments, you can also write.
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hope you enjoyed this video.
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See you next time!
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