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Sinusitis:How to prevent recurrence
Sinusitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses.
This is one of the diseases, commonly seen in ENT.
Today, the disease tends to increase, due to urbanization, industrialization, environmental pollution and climate change.
The disease rarely causes life-threatening complications, but often persists, affecting the quality of life and work.
1. The causes of sinusitis.
Over the past two decades, based on new insights into anatomy, nasopharynx physiology,
The causal problem, and the pathogenesis of sinusitis, have been elucidated.
However, there are still many mysteries that have not been adequately explained.
Structure of the sinus in the body.
Classic causes:sinusitis caused by the main causes such as:
Bacteria, viruses and fungi, allergic reactions, gastroesophageal reflux,
(dust, cigarette smoke, chemicals, etc.), due to abnormal surgery,
overdrying, sieving, overactive nasal cavities, nasopharynx nasopharyngeal tumors, etc.), from systemic disease:
Immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, and so on.
New causes:Due to biofilm, bacteria increase resistance to antibiotics,
Osteoarthritis (super antigen), due to febrile dysfunction, is seen in patients with a history of persistent inflammation of the respiratory tract.
In addition, there are risk factors such as:Hen, genetic factors, living environment, and so on.
2. Signs of recognition.
Depending on the case, due to acute sinusitis or chronic sinusitis, patients will have different manifestations,
However, nasal discharge and nasal discharge are important signs.
Nasal congestion can be episodic, or persistent on one side or the other,
The nosebleed can be translucent or pale white, tarnishing handkerchiefs, napkins, and so on.
There are cases where the pus is smelly or rotten.
Some people may have dull aching headaches, forehead areas, occipital areas, severe morning sickness, and increased pain in acute attacks.
Has the patient reduced the smell or smell,
It is usually caused by inflammation, nasal congestion, or polyps, which can lead to air pollution in the nasal passages.
Many cases of chronic cough, because the pus from the sinuses flow down, causing irritation in the throat.
In addition, you may experience tinnitus, sneezing, bad breath, and so on.
Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity is an important examination in diagnosis, can see images of congestion,
or paleness of the nasal mucosa, pus, or mucus in the nasal cavity, and sinus cavities.
Endoscopic examination may reveal anatomical changes in the nasal cavity, such as ventricular septal defect, nasal congestion.
For cases of chronic inflammation, can be seen degradation, or polyps in the nasal cavity.
Some cases of pain in the front of the jaw, point in the corner of the eye.
Computerized tomography (CT), sinusoidal mucosal imaging, mucosal thickness, or fluid level in the sinus.
CT is also a surgical map, which helps doctors in cases need surgery.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), indicated for sinusitis, has complications such as,
intestinal complications and intracranial complications, or in the case of needing to distinguish between sinusitis and nasopharyngeal tumors.
3. Some complications.
We can classify three types of complications:intracranial complications, intracranial complications (in the brain), and bone complications.
Oral complications:Because the nasal cavity is close to the orbit of the eye, the infection can pass through the sinuses,
To penetrate into the orbit of the eye, mainly through the sinuses, children have the frequency of complications of the eye, higher than adults, due to the frequency of upper respiratory infection.
Oral complications are divided into five groups, from mild to severe:pre-cellular cellulitis, cellulitis in the eye, subcapsular abscess, periorbital abscess and sinus arthritis.
In most of these complications, there are indications of surgical sinus drainage, and abscess drainage,
In combination with medical treatment, especially with the use of combination antibiotics, patients often have to stay in hospital for a long time.
Intracranial complications:The sinuses are located adjacent to the frontal and middle skull, infection from the sinuses,
It can be spread through the bloodstream, or through the sinuses between the sinuses, and the brain - meninges, congenital or traumatic.
Intracranial complications of sinusitis include meningitis, epidural abscess, epidural abscess, and cerebral abscess.
These complications have a high mortality rate, or after treatment leave the neurological sequelae permanently.
Bone Complications:Mainly due to sinusitis of the forehead, causing bone marrow fracture.
The disease may occur solely, but is often associated with other intracranial complications, particularly epidural abscesses.
The complication rate of sinusitis has been declining for several decades,
This may be due to the use of oral antibiotics, broad spectrum, to work with bacteria that cause upper respiratory infections.
However, the complications of sinusitis, which require combination therapy between surgery and internal medicine,
Some cases may be permanent blindness or severe neurological sequelae.
4. Is treatment difficult?
Nasal sinusitis is basically medical treatment, with medicinal use, and supportive therapies.
Drug treatment:
Antibiotics are used, when acute sinusitis, acute acute sinusitis,
or sinusitis with complications, may be combined with oral anti-inflammatory drugs and spray in place,
antihistamines, use of vasoconstrictors in place, nasal ventilation, however, do not use long-term medication.
In addition, other medications such as painkillers, cough expectorants, gastroesophageal reflux medicine, and so on can be used.
5. Supportive treatment.
Nasal nasal spray:With saline physiological 0.9%, or sea water cleaning effect, nasal passage, reduce edema,
congestion, nasal congestion, increased efficacy of topical medications, such as nasal steroids.
This is a very important supportive treatment.
Nasal spray:Moisturize with essential oils, improve nasal function, mild disinfection, prevent dry mucus and nasal scabs.
6. Surgical treatment.
When medical treatment is not effective, patients with severe polyps with sinusitis, nasal dysfunction, or complicated sinusitis need to be treated surgically.
Today, nasal cavity endoscopy is often used to restore drainage, ventilation, and protection of the sinuses.
Surgery results in better postoperative care time, less so than previous classic surgery.
7. And prevention.
Due to the long-lasting, persistent and difficult to treat characteristics, sinusitis greatly affects the health and quality of life of patients.
It is also an economic burden, for the sick and the society, because of the costs of medical examination and treatment.
To prevent recurrent sinusitis, we need to pay attention to, limit exposure to dust,
polluted air, cold air and toxic chemicals, wearing masks when exposed, or working in polluted environments,
daily cleaning of the nose according to the guidance of health staff, improve the condition, improve resistance,
With proper exercise and eating regime, treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, allergies.
When there are abnormal signs such as runny nose, prolonged nasal congestion, or manifestations as headache, eye swelling, protrusion, blurred vision, and so on.
This is usually a sign of sinusitis, the patient needs to see a specialist nose and throat specialist, for prompt treatment consultation.
Do not take antibiotics, nose drops, without the opinion of the doctor,
no use of drugs, herbs of unknown origin, or no license of specialized agencies,
It can cause more severe illness, or loss of chance of treatment from sinusitis.
Master, Doctor:Le Anh Tuan.
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