Hello everyone. Welcome to the third video on cursive lowercase letters
Today we'll finish the remaining of the short letters and variations: r s x and z
As you will see in a moment, some of the letters are actually taller than the x-height
I don't know why but somebody made the rules a long time ago
To get started, first you need to find the x height. And the first stroke starts
on the baseline and moves all the way up to slightly cross the x height
The second stroke starts with a small twist and moves to the baseline and turns into
an exit stroke. The down stroke should be sitting firmly on the main slant
while the two up strokes should be approximately parallel
If you've seen my earlier video you should have guessed that the only down
stroke is the heavy stroke while the up strokes are light pressured
This is a common pattern in all cursive letters
One common mistake is to have very large twists on the top. This can cause your
letter to look disproportionate especially when you are writing at small scale
Another mistake is to turn the twists into a straight line which causes
the letter to look stiff and boring. Instead, try to keep the twists small and elastic
Another detail you should pay attention to is that the down stroke
should not be so curvy such that it's no longer sitting on the main slant
The is a very subtle point and you should be especially careful. Always remember to
check that the down stroke is neither too curvy nor too stiff and that center
of mass is sitting firmly on the main slant
The lowercase r has an ending form which can be used when the letter is at the
end of a word or sentence. By the way the ending forms are optional. You can always
use the regular form if you prefer so, but the ending firm does add some
variety and character to your penmanship. Here you can see how the regular form
and the ending form compare to each other
The lowercase s is very similar. The first stroke goes slightly above the
x-height the second stroke is a spline that ends on the baseline and turns into
the exit stroke. The width of lowercase s is approximately equal to that of lowercase r.
The center of mass of the spline
should be on the main slant while the entry and the exit stroke
should be approximately parallel
Since the spline is the only down stroke you
should apply heavier pressure to the spline and because the entry and exit
strokes are going up you should apply lighter pressure to the entry and the
exit stroke
One common mistake is to leave an open loop at the top and it's ugliness is
just self-evident. Another thing to avoid is to make the spline too curvy which
can cause the letter to look too fat and lose its balance. In contrast you don't
want the spline to be too straight which can result in a very stiff appearance
Unless you have a very strong reason to like it you should avoid such style
And don't be afraid to make mistake after you have made enough mistakes you
would be able to find the right balance
The lowercase x is a special case because its two strokes are totally
separated and the second stroke is often completed only after you have written
down the entire world. The most important thing to remember is that the second
stroke is not on the main slant. It is the first down stroke that aligns with the
main slant. That being said, both down strokes require heavy pressure just like
every other down stroke in the alphabet. One critical mistake is to align the
second stroke with the main slant which can stretch the letter horizontally
Always remember that it is the first down stroke that aligns with the main slant
Another thing to avoid is to make the two turning points unequal which
can break the nice symmetry of the letter. Also you should avoid making the
turning points too sharp even though it is very tempting to do so. It is more suited
for italic style and should be avoided in cursive. Another mistake is to break
the letter into two half ovals. This actually looks very nice and it is how I
learned to write in elementary school. You may use it at your discretion
Just be aware that it is not cursive
When writing in cursive pay attention that
I am only completing the second stroke after I finished the entire word
This is a simplified version of lowercase z. The down stroke is actually not on the
main slant but if you connect the two leftmost points and the two rightmost
points the two lines should be parallel to the main slant
You might be wondering why this letter is breaking so many rules and that's
because this is not a cursive z
The correct cursive z has a descender which I will explain in a later video
Even so, I found that the simplified z to be very quick and handy when it's positioned at
the beginning of a word. Well if I replace it with a full-fledged descender z
it looks too much of an overkill
Thank you very much for watching to the end
If you find this video helpful please give it a thumb up and subscribe for more tutorials
By the way, before you start practicing make sure you do at least
three to five minutes of muscular movement exercise which you can find in
my playlist here
On next Friday we will start examining more complex letter with stems
and more interesting variations
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